Report: The Economics of Chromium, 11th edition 2009 TOC

1. Summary

2. Introduction, occurrence and reserves of chromite

2 .1. Occurrence and composition of chromite
2 .2. Reserves of chrome ore

3. Mining and processing of chromium

3 .1. Mining and processing of chromite
- 3 .1 .1. Grades of chromite
3 .2. Processing of ferro-chrome
- 3 .2 .1. Processing of high-carbon ferro-chrome and charge chrome
  - 3 .2 .1 .1. Energy efficiency
  - 3 .2 .1 .2. Pelletising, sintering and charge pre-heating technology
  - 3 .2 .1 .3. Metal-from-slag recovery
- 3 .2 .2. Processing of low-carbon ferro-chrome
- 3 .2 .3. Grades of ferro-chrome
- 3 .2 .4. Production costs for ferro-chrome
3 .3. Processing of chromium metal
3 .4. Processing of chromium chemicals
- 3 .4 .1. Environmental concerns over chromium compounds

4. Overveiw of world production of chromium

4 .1. World production of chromite
- 4 .1 .1. Structure of the chromite industry
- 4 .1 .2. Chromite production by company
- 4 .1 .3. Future trends in chromite production
4 .2. World production of ferro-chrome
- 4 .2 .1. Production of ferro-silico-chrome
- 4 .2 .2. Structure of the ferro-chrome industry
- 4 .2 .3. Ferro-chrome production by grade
- 4 .2 .4. Ferro-chrome production by company
- 4 .2 .5. Future trends in ferro-chrome production
4 .3. World production of chromium metal
4 .4. World production of chromium chemicals

5. Review of chromium producing and processing countries

5 .1. Afghanistan
5 .2. Albania
- 5 .2 .1. Producers of chromite in Albania
  - 5 .2 .1 .1. Albanian Chrome (ACR)
- 5 .2 .2. Potential producers of chromite in Albania
  - 5 .2 .2 .1. Empire Mining
5 .3. Argentina
- 5 .3 .1. Producers of chromium chemicals in Argentina
  - 5 .3 .1 .1. Bayer Argentina
5 .4. Australia
- 5 .4 .1. Production of chromite in Australia
- 5 .4 .2. Producers of chromite in Australia
  - 5 .4 .2 .1. Palmary Enterprises
- 5 .4 .3. Potential producers of chromite in Australia
  - 5 .4 .3 .1. Warwick Resources
5 .5. Belgium
5 .6. Brazil
- 5 .6 .1. Production of chromite in Brazil
- 5 .6 .2. Producers of chromite in Brazil
  - 5 .6 .2 .1. Cia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia (Ferbasa)
  - 5 .6 .2 .2. Magnesita
  - 5 .6 .2 .3. Mineracao Vila Nova
- 5 .6 .3. Production of chromium ferroalloys in Brazil
- 5 .6 .4. Producers of chromium ferroalloys in Brazil
  - 5 .6 .4 .1. ArcelorMittal Inox Brasil
  - 5 .6 .4 .2. Cia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia (Ferbasa)
- 5 .6 .5. Producers of chromium metal in Brazil
  - 5 .6 .5 .1. Lupatech
5 .7. Canada
- 5 .7 .1. Potential producers of chromite in Canada
  - 5 .7 .1 .1. Freewest Resources Canada
  - 5 .7 .1 .2. Noront Resources
  - 5 .7 .1 .3. Resources Minieres Pro-Or
5 .8. China
- 5 .8 .1. Supply of chromite in China
- 5 .8 .2. Producers of chromite in China
- 5 .8 .3. Supply of ferro-chrome in China
- 5 .8 .4. Production of ferro-chrome in China
- 5 .8 .5. Trade of ferro-chrome in China
- 5 .8 .6. Producers of ferro-chrome in China
  - 5 .8 .6 .1. China Minmetals Corporation
  - 5 .8 .6 .2. Dongfeng Ferroalloy Group
  - 5 .8 .6 .3. Dragon Northwest Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .4. Fushun ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .5. Jiannanchun Foreign Economic and Trade
  - 5 .8 .6 .6. Jilin Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .7. Jinxiang Metallurgical
  - 5 .8 .6 .8. Minmetal Hunan Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .9. Mintal Group
  - 5 .8 .6 .10. Qinghai Yihui Metallurgical Group
  - 5 .8 .6 .11. Ruifeng Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .12. Shanghai Shenjia Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .13. Shanxi Jinzhong Wanbang Industry Trade
  - 5 .8 .6 .14. Sichuan Jinguang Group
  - 5 .8 .6 .15. Sichuan Mingda Ferroalloy
  - 5 .8 .6 .16. Sichuan Tianyi Metallurgy Group
  - 5 .8 .6 .17. Sichuan Yihui (EHUI) Metallurgy
  - 5 .8 .6 .18. Sinosteel
  - 5 .8 .6 .19. Tibet Mineral Development
  - 5 .8 .6 .20. Wuhai Sanmei International
  - 5 .8 .6 .21. Xinjiang Tuoli Taihang Ferroalloys
  - 5 .8 .6 .22. Zhejiang Hengjian Ferroalloy
- 5 .8 .7. Potential producers of ferro-chrome in China
  - 5 .8 .7 .1. Eti Krom
  - 5 .8 .7 .2. Fuqing City Longfu Group
  - 5 .8 .7 .3. Guangxi Qinzhou Guixin Metallurgy
  - 5 .8 .7 .4. Jiuquan Steel Group
  - 5 .8 .7 .5. Lakshmi Metallurgy
  - 5 .8 .7 .6. Tsingshan Group
- 5 .8 .8. Production of chromium metal in China
- 5 .8 .9. Producers of chromium metal in China
- 5 .8 .10. Production of chromium chemicals in China
- 5 .8 .11. Producers of chromium chemicals in China
  - 5 .8 .11 .1. China National BlueStar Group
  - 5 .8 .11 .2. Chongqing Minfeng Chemical
  - 5 .8 .11 .3. Hebei Chromate Chemical
5 .9. Croatia
5 .10. Cuba
- 5 .10 .1. Producers of chromite in Cuba
  - 5 .10 .1 .1. Grupo Empresarial Cuban?quel
5 .11. Finland
- 5 .11 .1. Integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Finland
  - 5 .11 .1 .1. Outokumpu Group
5 .12. France
- 5 .12 .1. Producers of chromium metal in France
  - 5 .12 .1 .1. Delachaux Metaux
5 .13. Germany
- 5 .13 .1. Producers of low-carbon ferro-chrome in Germany
  - 5 .13 .1 .1. Elektrowerk Weisweiler
- 5 .13 .2. Producers of chromium metal in Germany
  - 5 .13 .2 .1. GfE
- 5 .13 .3. Production of chromium chemicals in Germany
5 .14. Greece
5 .15. India
- 5 .15 .1. Production of chromite in India
- 5 .15 .2. Producers of chromite in India
- 5 .15 .3. Exports of chromite from India
- 5 .15 .4. Production of ferro-chrome in India
- 5 .15 .5. Producers of ferro-chrome in India
- 5 .15 .6. Exports of ferro-chrome from India
- 5 .15 .7. Integrated and non-integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in India
  - 5 .15 .7 .1. Andhra Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .2. Balasore Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .3. Baroda Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .4. B.C. Mohanty and Sons
  - 5 .15 .7 .5. Corporate Ispat Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .6. Cronimet Ferro Alloys (India)
  - 5 .15 .7 .7. Deedpack Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .8. DRK Metallurgical
  - 5 .15 .7 .9. FACOR Group
  - 5 .15 .7 .10. GSN Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .11. IDCOL Ferro Chrome and Alloys Limited (IFCAL)
  - 5 .15 .7 .12. India Thermit
  - 5 .15 .7 .13. Indian Metals and Ferro Alloys (IMFA)
  - 5 .15 .7 .14. Jayesh Group
  - 5 .15 .7 .15. Jindal Group
  - 5 .15 .7 .16. Karthik Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .17. Latasha Exports
  - 5 .15 .7 .18. Maithan Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .19. Misrilall Mines
  - 5 .15 .7 .20. Mysore Minerals (MML)
  - 5 .15 .7 .21. Nav Chrome
  - 5 .15 .7 .22. Nava Bharat Ventures
  - 5 .15 .7 .23. Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC)
  - 5 .15 .7 .24. Rohit Ferro Tech (RFTL)
  - 5 .15 .7 .25. Shah Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .26. Sree Sarda Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .27. Shyam Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .28. Sri Vasavi Industries (SVIL)
  - 5 .15 .7 .29. Srinivasa Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .7 .30. Tata Iron and Steel (TISCO)
  - 5 .15 .7 .31. VBC Ferro Alloys (VBCVAL)
  - 5 .15 .7 .32. Visa Steel
- 5 .15 .8. Potential producers of ferro-chrome in India
  - 5 .15 .8 .1. Haritha Ferro Alloys
  - 5 .15 .8 .2. Viraj Profiles
- 5 .15 .9. Production of chromium metal in India
- 5 .15 .10. Production of chromium chemicals in India
- 5 .15 .11. Producers of chromium chemicals in India
  - 5 .15 .11 .1. Hema Chemical Industries
  - 5 .15 .11 .2. Krebs and Cei (India) Chemical Works Division
  - 5 .15 .11 .3. Lords Chemicals
  - 5 .15 .11 .4. Tamil Nadu Chromates and Chemicals (TCC)
  - 5 .15 .11 .5. Vishnu Chemicals
5 .16. Indonesia
5 .17. Iran
- 5 .17 .1. Producers of chromite in Iran
  - 5 .17 .1 .1. Faryab Mining
  - 5 .17 .1 .2. Others
- 5 .17 .2. Potential producers of chromite in Iran
  - 5 .17 .2 .1. Rohit Ferro-Tech
- 5 .17 .3. Producers of ferro-chrome in Iran
5 .18. Italy
- 5 .18 .1. Producers of chromium chemicals in Italy
  - 5 .18 .1 .1. Stoppani Group
5 .19. Japan
- 5 .19 .1. Supply of chromite and ferro-chrome in Japan
- 5 .19 .2. Producers of ferro-chrome in Japan
  - 5 .19 .2 .1. JFE Material
  - 5 .19 .2 .2. Nippon Denko
- 5 .19 .3. Production of chromium metal in Japan
- 5 .19 .4. Producers of chromium metal in Japan
  - 5 .19 .4 .1. Nippon Denko
- 5 .19 .5. Production of chromium chemicals in Japan
- 5 .19 .6. Producers of chromium chemicals in Japan
  - 5 .19 .6 .1. Nippon Chemical Industrial
5 .20. Kazakhstan
- 5 .20 .1. Production of chromite in Kazakhstan
- 5 .20 .2. Production of ferro-chrome in Kazakhstan
- 5 .20 .3. Integrated and non-integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Kazakhstan
  - 5 .20 .3 .1. Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation (ENRC)
  - 5 .20 .3 .2. Mechel
- 5 .20 .4. Exports of ferro-chrome from Kazakhstan
- 5 .20 .5. Producers of chromium metal in Kazakhstan
  - 5 .20 .5 .1. Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation (ENRC)
- 5 .20 .6. Producers of chromium chemicals in Kazakhstan
  - 5 .20 .6 .1. JSC Aktyubinsk Chromium Chemicals Plant (ACCP)
5 .21. Madagascar
- 5 .21 .1. Producers of chromite in Madagascar
  - 5 .21 .1 .1. Kraomita Malagasy (KRAOMA)
5 .22. Mexico
- 5 .22 .1. Producers of chromium chemicals in Mexico
  - 5 .22 .1 .1. Quimica Central de Mexico
5 .23. Myanmar
5 .24. Nigeria
- 5 .24 .1. Potential producers of chromite in Nigeria
  - 5 .24 .1 .1. Co-op Investors and Contractors (CICL)
5 .25. Norway
5 .26. Oman
- 5 .26 .1. Producers of chromite in Oman
  - 5 .26 .1 .1. Oman Chromite
  - 5 .26 .1 .2. Gulf Mining and Materials (GMM)
  - 5 .26 .1 .3. Hatton FZE
5 .27. Pakistan
- 5 .27 .1. Producers of chromite in Pakistan
  - 5 .27 .1 .1. Pakistan Chrome Mines
  - 5 .27 .1 .2. MAM Enterprises
5 .28. Philippines
- 5 .28 .1. Production of chromite in the Philippines
- 5 .28 .2. Producers of chromite in the Philippines
  - 5 .28 .2 .1. Benguet
  - 5 .28 .2 .2. CRAU Mineral Resources
  - 5 .28 .2 .3. Heritage Resources and Mining (HRMC)
  - 5 .28 .2 .4. Krominco
- 5 .28 .3. Potential producers of chromite in the Philippines
  - 5 .28 .3 .1. Midwest Group
  - 5 .28 .3 .2. Rusina Mining
  - 5 .28 .3 .3. Shougang Group
5 .29. Poland
- 5 .29 .1. Producers of chromium chemicals in Poland
  - 5 .29 .1 .1. Alwernia
5 .30. Romania
- 5 .30 .1. Producers of chromium chemicals in Romania
  - 5 .30 .1 .1. SC Bicapa
5 .31. Russia
- 5 .31 .1. Supply of chromite in Russia
- 5 .31 .2. Production of ferro-chrome in Russia
- 5 .31 .3. Exports of ferro-chrome from Russia
- 5 .31 .4. Integrated and non-integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Russia
  - 5 .31 .4 .1. Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Combine (ChEMK)
  - 5 .31 .4 .2. Serov (Serovsky) Ferroalloys Plant (SZF)
  - 5 .31 .4 .3. Klyuchevsky Ferroalloys Plant
  - 5 .31 .4 .4. Tikhvin Smelting Plant
- 5 .31 .5. Potential producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Russia
  - 5 .31 .5 .1. Karelia Development
- 5 .31 .6. Production of chromium metal in Russia
- 5 .31 .7. Producers of chromium metal in Russia
  - 5 .31 .7 .1. Klyuchevsky Ferroalloys Plant
  - 5 .31 .7 .2. Novotroitsk plant of chromium compounds
  - 5 .31 .7 .3. Polema
  - 5 .31 .7 .4. Tulachermet
- 5 .31 .8. Production of chromium chemicals in Russia
- 5 .31 .9. Producers of chromium chemicals in Russia
  - 5 .31 .9 .1. Russian Chrome (Russky Khrom) 1915
5 .32. Slovakia
- 5 .32 .1. Producers of ferro-chrome in Slovakia
  - 5 .32 .1 .1. OZF
5 .33. Slovenia
5 .34. South Africa
- 5 .34 .1. Mining of chromite in South Africa
- 5 .34 .2. Production of chromite in South Africa
- 5 .34 .3. Summary of chromite producers in South Africa
- 5 .34 .4. Processing of ferro-chrome in South Africa
- 5 .34 .5. Production of ferro-chrome in South Africa
- 5 .34 .6. Summary of ferro-chrome producers in South Africa
- 5 .34 .7. Producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in South Africa
  - 5 .34 .7 .1. Assore
  - 5 .34 .7 .2. Aquarius Platinum
  - 5 .34 .7 .3. ASA Metals
  - 5 .34 .7 .4. Assmang
  - 5 .34 .7 .5. Batlhako Mining
  - 5 .34 .7 .6. Chromex Mining
  - 5 .34 .7 .7. Hernic Ferrochrome
  - 5 .34 .7 .8. International Ferro Metals (IFM)
  - 5 .34 .7 .9. Lanxess
  - 5 .34 .7 .10. Mogale Alloys
  - 5 .34 .7 .11. National Manganese Mines
  - 5 .34 .7 .12. Nkomati
  - 5 .34 .7 .13. Samancor Chrome
  - 5 .34 .7 .14. Tata Steel KZN
  - 5 .34 .7 .15. Xstrata-Merafe Chrome Venture
- 5 .34 .8. Potential producers of chromite in South Africa
  - 5 .34 .8 .1. China Minmetals
  - 5 .34 .8 .2. Cronimet Chrome South Africa (CCSA)
  - 5 .34 .8 .3. DCM Chrome
  - 5 .34 .8 .4. Maude Mining/Benhaus Mining
  - 5 .34 .8 .5. Rohit Ferro Tech
  - 5 .34 .8 .6. Vizirama
- 5 .34 .9. Production of chromium chemicals in South Africa
  - 5 .34 .9 .1. Lanxess
5 .35. Spain
5 .36. Sudan
- 5 .36 .1. Producers of chromite in Sudan
  - 5 .36 .1 .1. Ingessana Hills Mines
5 .37. Sweden
- 5 .37 .1. Producers of ferro-chrome in Sweden
  - 5 .37 .1 .1. Vargon Alloys
5 .38. Togo
- 5 .38 .1. Potential producers of chromite in Togo
  - 5 .38 .1 .1. Lithic Metals and Energy
5 .39. Turkey
- 5 .39 .1. Production of chromite in Turkey
- 5 .39 .2. Production of ferro-chrome in Turkey
- 5 .39 .3. Integrated and non-integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Turkey
  - 5 .39 .3 .1. Bilfer Madencilik ve Turizm
  - 5 .39 .3 .2. Dedeman Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret
  - 5 .39 .3 .3. Eti Elektrometalurji
  - 5 .39 .3 .4. Eti Krom
  - 5 .39 .3 .5. Turk Maadin Sirketi (TMS)
  - 5 .39 .3 .6. Pema Madencilik Enerji Kimya Sanavi (Pema Mining Energy Chemical Industry)
- 5 .39 .4. Potential producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Turkey
  - 5 .39 .4 .1. Cevikler Mermer San. Ve Tic.
  - 5 .39 .4 .2. Zirve Krom Madencilik
- 5 .39 .5. Producers of chromium chemicals in Turkey
  - 5 .39 .5 .1. Kromsan
5 .40. UAE
5 .41. UK
- 5 .41 .1. Production of chromium metal in the UK
- 5 .41 .2. Producers of chromium metal in the UK
  - 5 .41 .2 .1. London and Scandinavian Metallurgical (LSM)
- 5 .41 .3. Producers of chromium chemicals in the UK
  - 5 .41 .3 .1. Elementis Chromium
5 .42. USA
- 5 .42 .1. Supply of chromite in the USA
- 5 .42 .2. Potential producers of chromite in the USA
  - 5 .42 .2 .1. Oregon Resources (ORC)
- 5 .42 .3. Supply of ferro-chrome in the USA
- 5 .42 .4. Supply of chromium metal in the USA
- 5 .42 .5. Producers of chromium metal in the USA
  - 5 .42 .5 .1. Eramet Marietta
- 5 .42 .6. Supply of chromium from government stockpiles
  - 5 .42 .6 .1. Ferro-chrome sales
  - 5 .42 .6 .2. Chromium metal sales
- 5 .42 .7. Producers of chromium chemicals in the USA
  - 5 .42 .7 .1. Elementis Chromium
5 .43. Vietnam
- 5 .43 .1. Producers of chromite in Vietnam
  - 5 .43 .1 .1. Thai Nguyen Nonferrous Metal
- 5 .43 .2. Potential producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Vietnam
  - 5 .43 .2 .1. Archipelago Metals
  - 5 .43 .2 .2. Nam Viet Group (Navico)
  - 5 .43 .2 .3. Jindal Stainless (JSL)
5 .44. Zimbabwe
- 5 .44 .1. Production of chromite in Zimbabwe
- 5 .44 .2. Production of ferro-chrome in Zimbabwe
- 5 .44 .3. Integrated and non-integrated producers of chromite and ferro-chrome in Zimbabwe
  - 5 .44 .3 .1. Maranatha Ferro-chrome
  - 5 .44 .3 .2. Zimbabwe Alloys
  - 5 .44 .3 .3. Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting (Zimasco)
- 5 .44 .4. Potential producers of chromite in Zimbabwe
  - 5 .44 .4 .1. Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC)

6. Overview of world consumption of chromium

6 .1. World consumption of chromite
- 6 .1 .1. Outlook for chromite consumption
6 .2. World consumption of ferro-chrome
- 6 .2 .1. Outlook for ferro-chrome consumption
6 .3. World consumption of chromium metal
- 6 .3 .1. Outlook for chromium metal consumption
6 .4. World consumption of chromium chemicals
- 6 .4 .1. Outlook for chromium chemical consumption

7. Metallurgical applications for chromium

7 .1. Use of chromium in stainless steel
- 7 .1 .1. Grades of stainless steel
- 7 .1 .2. Production of stainless steel
  - 7 .1 .2 .1. Stainless steel production capacity
- 7 .1 .3. Consumption of stainless steel
- 7 .1 .4. End-uses for stainless steel
- 7 .1 .5. Demand for chromium in stainless steel
- 7 .1 .6. Trends in demand for ferro-chrome in stainless steel
  - 7 .1 .6 .1. Stainless steel market outlook
  - 7 .1 .6 .2. Chromium demand outlook in stainless steel
7 .2. Use of chromium in full alloy steels
- 7 .2 .1. Types of full alloy steels
- 7 .2 .2. Production of full alloy steels
- 7 .2 .3. Trends in demand for chromium in full alloy steels
7 .3. Use of chromium in high-strength steels
- 7 .3 .1. Types of high-strength steels
- 7 .3 .2. Production of high strength steels
- 7 .3 .3. Trends in demand for chromium in high-strength steels
7 .4. Use of chromium in tool steels
- 7 .4 .1. Types of tool steels
- 7 .4 .2. Production of tool steels
- 7 .4 .3. Trends in demand for chromium in tool steels
7 .5. Use of chromium in carbon steels
- 7 .5 .1. Types of carbon steel
- 7 .5 .2. Production of carbon steels
- 7 .5 .3. Trends in demand for chromium in carbon steel
7 .6. Use of chromium in superalloys
- 7 .6 .1. Types of superalloys
- 7 .6 .2. Markets for superalloys
  - 7 .6 .2 .1. Aerospace applications for superalloys
  - 7 .6 .2 .2. Non-aerospace applications for superalloys
- 7 .6 .3. Trends in demand for chromium in superalloys
7 .7. Use of chromium in thin film coatings
7 .8. Use of chromium in non-ferrous and other alloys
- 7 .8 .1. Types of non-ferrous alloys containing chromium
- 7 .8 .2. Welding and hard-facing alloys
7 .9. Use of chromium in cast iron

8. Chemical applications for chromium

8 .1. Use of chromium chemicals in leather tanning
- 8 .1 .1. Trends in demand for chromium chemicals in leather tanning
8 .2. Use of chromium chemicals in metal finishing
- 8 .2 .1. Chromium metal finishing processes
- 8 .2 .2. Trends in demand for chromium chemicals in metal finishing
8 .3. Use of chromium chemicals in wood preservatives
- 8 .3 .1. CCA wood preservatives
- 8 .3 .2. Environmental issues associated with CCA
- 8 .3 .3. Alternatives to CCA wood preservatives
- 8 .3 .4. Trends in demand for chromium chemicals in wood preservatives
8 .4. Use of chromium chemicals in pigments
- 8 .4 .1. Types of pigments containing chromium chemicals
- 8 .4 .2. Trends in demand for chromium chemicals in pigments
8 .5. Minor applications for chromium chemicals
- 8 .5 .1. Abrasives
- 8 .5 .2. Agriculture
- 8 .5 .3. Batteries
- 8 .5 .4. Catalysts
- 8 .5 .5. Chemical processes
- 8 .5 .6. Corrosion inhibitors
- 8 .5 .7. Drilling muds
- 8 .5 .8. Fireworks and explosives
- 8 .5 .9. Flame retardants
- 8 .5 .10. Glass and ceramics
- 8 .5 .11. Lithography
- 8 .5 .12. Magnetic storage materials
- 8 .5 .13. Nuclear fuel additives
- 8 .5 .14. Oils, fats and waxes
- 8 .5 .15. Photographic chemicals
- 8 .5 .16. Textile mordants
- 8 .5 .17. Waterproof materials

9. Refractory applications for chromium

9 .1. Use of chromite in refractories
- 9 .1 .1. Refractory-grade chromite and chromic oxide
- 9 .1 .2. Markets for chromite-containing refractories
- 9 .1 .3. Trends in consumption of chromite in refractories
9 .2. Use of chromite in foundry sands
- 9 .2 .1. Specifications for foundry-grade chromite
- 9 .2 .2. Trends in demand for chromite in foundry sands

10. International trade in chromium

10 .1. Trade in chromite
10 .2. Trade in ferro-chrome
10 .3. Trade in chromium metal
10 .4. Trade in chromium chemicals

11. Chromite and ferro-chrome supply/demand balance

11 .1. Chromite demand
- 11 .1 .1. Outlook for chromite demand
- 11 .1 .2. Chromite supply
- 11 .1 .3. Outlook for chromite supply
- 11 .1 .4. Forecast chromite supply/demand balance
11 .2. Ferro-chrome demand
- 11 .2 .1. Outlook for ferro-chrome demand
- 11 .2 .2. Ferro-chrome supply
- 11 .2 .3. Outlook for ferro-chrome supply
- 11 .2 .4. Forecast ferro-chrome supply/demand balance

12. Prices of chromium

12 .1. Metallurgical chromite prices
- 12 .1 .1. Historical metallurgical chromite price
- 12 .1 .2. Forecast metallurgical chromite price
12 .2. Prices of ferro-chrome
- 12 .2 .1. Historical prices of ferro-chrome
- 12 .2 .2. Recent price trends for ferro-chrome
- 12 .2 .3. Forecast ferro-chrome prices
12 .3. Prices of non-metallurgical chromite
12 .4. Prices of chromium chemicals
12 .5. Prices of chromium metal

Tables Listing

1. Physical properties of chromium
2. Composition of typical chrome ores
3. Classification of chrome ores
4. Characteristics of geological deposit types
5. World: Reserves of chrome ore by country, 2004 to 2008
6. Typical specifications for refractory-grade chromite
7. Typical specifications for chromite foundry sands
8. Typical specifications for chemical-grade chromite
9. ASTM specifications for chromium ferroalloys
10. Specifications for low-carbon ferro-chrome produced by Elektrowerk Weisweiler
11. Specifications for aluminothermic chromium metal lump produced by Bell Group
12. Specifications for aluminothermic chromium metal powder produced by Bell Group
13. Specifications for electrolytic chromium metal produced by Bell Group
14. Formulae, molecular weights and chromium contents of selected chromium chemicals
15. Properties of sodium dichromate dihydrate produced by Vishnu Chemicals
16. Properties of potassium dichromate produced by Vishnu Chemicals
17. Properties of chromic acid produced by Vishnu Chemicals
18. Properties of CA Ultra produced by Elementis Chromium
19. Properties of basic chromium sulphate produced by Vishnu Chemicals
20. World chromite production by end-use sector, 2001 to 2007
21. World chromite production: Comparison of available data, 2002 to 2008
22. Production of chromium ores and concentrates, 2002 to 2008
23. World: Production capacity for chromite by country, 2002 to 2005
24. World: Leading producers of chromite, capacity and production, 2007
25. World: Capacity and production of chromite by company, 2007
26. World ferro-chrome production: Comparison of available data, 2002 to 2008
27. Production of ferro-chrome, 2002 to 2008
28. Ferro-chrome production cut-backs, 2008/2009
29. World ferro-silico-chrome production: Comparison of available data
30. Production of ferro-silico-chrome, 2002 to 2008
31. World: Production capacity for ferro-chrome by country, 2002 to 2005
32. World: Production of high-carbon ferro-chrome by country, 2001 to 2008
33. World: Production of low-carbon and medium-carbon ferro-chrome by country, 2001 to 2008
34. World: Leading producers of ferro-chrome, capacity and production 2007
35. World: Capacity and production of ferro-chrome by company, 2007
36. World: Proposed and planned expansions in ferro-chrome production capacity, as of March 2009
37. Major producing countries: Forecast output of ferro-chrome, 2008 to 2012
38. World: Production capacity for chromium metal by country, 2002 to 2005
39. World: Production capacity for chromium metal by producer, 2007
40. World: Production capacity for chromium chemicals by country, 2002 to 2005
41. World: Production capacity for sodium dichromate, by leading producers, 2007
42. World: Production capacity for chrome sulphate, by leading producers, 2007
43. World: Production capacity for chromic acid, by leading producers, 2007
44. World: Production capacity for chromic oxide, by leading producers, 2007
45. World: Production capacity for potassium dichromate, by leading producers, 2007
46. Afghanistan: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
47. Albania: Production of chromite and high-carbon ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
48. Albania: Major chromite mines, 2006
49. Australia: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
50. Brazil: Chromite reserves by state, 2006
51. Brazil: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
52. Brazil: Production of chromite by company, 2002 to 2007
53. Brazil: Capacity and production of chromite by state, 2007
54. Ferbasa: Mine operations
55. Ferbasa: Beneficiation plants
56. Brazil: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2007
57. Brazil: Production of chromium ferroalloys by type, 1997 to 2008
58. Brazil: Exports of chromium ferroalloys by type, 1995-2004
59. Brazil: Estimated production of high-carbon ferro-chrome by producer, 2003 to 2007
60. Brazil: Ferbasa: Production and capacity of chromium ferroalloys, 2007
61. China: distribution of retained reserves, 1999
62. China: Supply of chromite, 1997 to 2008
63. China: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2008
64. China: Exports of chromium ferroalloys, 1995 to 2008
65. China: Producers of ferro-chrome, 2007
66. Tibet Mineral Development: Specifications for chromium ferroalloys
67. China: Exports of chromium metal, 2002 to 2008
68. China: Producers of chromium chemicals
69. Chongqing Minfeng Chemical: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
70. Hebei Chromate Chemicals: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
71. Dalmacija Ferroalloy Works: Production of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2007
72. Grupo Empresarial Cubaniquel: Production of chromite, 2000 to 2008
73. Outokumpu: Production of chrome ore, 1995 to 2008
74. Outokumpu, Tornio Works: Production of high-carbon ferro-chrome and stainless steel, 1997 to 2008
75. Delachaux: Grades of chromium metal produced
76. Elektrowerk Weisweiler: Production of low-carbon ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
77. Elektrowerk Weisweiler: Low-carbon ferro-chrome product range
78. GfE: Specifications for chromium metal
79. India: Reserves/resources of chrome ore by state, as of April 2005
80. India: Reserves/resources of chrome ore by grade, as of April 2005
81. India: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008 and 1996/97 to 2007/08
82. India: Production of chromite by state, 2003/04 to 2007/08
83. India: Production of chromite grades (Cr2O3 content) by sector and state/district, 2006/07
84. India: Beneficiation capacity by major producer
85. India: Estimated production capacity for chromite by producer, 2008
86. MMTC: Specifications of chromite exports
87. India: Exports of chromite, and 1999 to 2008 and 1998/99 to 2007/08
88. India: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2008 and 1996/97 to 2007/08
89. India: Imports of ferro-chrome, 1999 to 2008
90. India: Estimated production capacity for ferro-chrome by producer, 2007
91. MMTC: Specifications of friable chrome ore exports
92. India: Exports of ferro-chrome and ferro-silico-chrome, 1999 to 2008 and 1998/99-2007/08
93. FACOR: Chromite mines
94. FACOR: Grades of chromite produced
95. IMFA: Chromite mines
96. IMFA: Grades of chromite produced
97. IMFA: Production of ferro-chrome and consumption of chromite ore, 1999/00 to 2006/07
98. Nava Bharat Ventures: Ferro-chrome plants
99. Nava Bharat Ventures: Domestic and export markets
100. OMC: Chrome ore mines
101. TISCO: Sukinda mine chromite reserves
102. TISCO: Grades of chromite produced
103. Visa Steel: Chromite processing facilities
104. India: Producers of chromium chemicals
105. Iran: Production of chromite and high-carbon ferro-chrome, 1995 to 2008
106. Japan: Imports of chromite, 1997 to 2008
107. Japan: Supply of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
108. Japan: Production capacity for ferro-chrome by producer, 2008
109. Japan: Production of chromium metal, 2002 to 2007
110. Japan: Production of chromium chemicals, FY 1997 to 2003
111. Nippon Chemical Industrial: Production of chromium salts, 2008
112. Kazakhstan : Production and exports of chromite, 1997 to 2008
113. Kazakhstan: Production of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
114. ENRC: Production of chromite and chromium ferroalloys, 2006 to 2008
115. KazChrome: Ferro-chrome plants
116. Aksu and Aktobe Ferroalloys Plants: Production facilities
117. KazChrome: Comparison of Q4 production of chromite and chromium ferroalloys, 2007 and 2008
118. Kazakhstan: Exports of ferro-chrome by reporting country, 2003 to 2008
119. JSC Aktyubinsk Chromium Chemicals Plant: Production capacity for chromium chemicals, 2008
120. Kazakhstan: Exports of chromium chemicals by reporting country, split by country and product, 2003 to 2008
121. Madagascar: Production of marketable chromite, 2000 to 2008
122. Quimica Central de Mexico: Production capacity for chromium chemicals, 2008
123. Myanmar: Production of chromium ores and concentrates, 2002 to 2006
124. Elkem Rana: Production of high-carbon ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
125. Oman: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
126. Oman Chromite: Specifications for chromite
127. Pakistan: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
128. Philippines: Production of chromite by grade, 1997 to 2008
129. Benguet: Production of chromite, 2003 to 2007
130. Crau Mineral Resources: Production of chromite, 2003 to 2007
131. Heritage Resources: Production of chromite, 2002 to 2007
132. Krominco: Production of chromite, 2003 to 2007
133. Poland: Production and trade in chromite, ferro-chrome, chromium metal and chromium chemicals, 1999 to 2008
134. Alwernia: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
135. SC Bicapa: Production capacity for chromium chemicals, 2003
136. Russia: Change in resources, 1997 to 2006
137. Russia: Supply of chromite, 1997 to 2008
138. Russia: Imports for consumption for Cr concentrate in Russia, 2007 and 2008
139. Russia: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1995 to 2008
140. Russia: Export of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2008
141. Russia: Production capacity by ferro-chrome producer
142. ChEMK: Chromium ferroalloy production facilities
143. ChEMK: Grades of chromium ferroalloy production
144. ChEMK: Production of ferroalloys, 2000 to 2008
145. Serov: Production of chromite, Q3 and Q4 2008
146. Serov Ferroalloys Plant: Furnaces
147. Serov Ferroalloys Plant: Capacity by product
148. Karelia region, Russia: Reserves and resources of chromite, as of February 2008
149. Russia: Production of chromium metal, 2004 to 2007
150. Russia: Chromium metal capacity by producer, 2008
151. Russian Chrome 1915: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
152. Slovakia: Production of ferro-chrome, 1997-2008
153. Tovarna Dusike Ruse Metalurgiya: Production of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
154. South Africa: Production and shipments of chrome ore, 1997 to 2006
155. South Africa: Production and shipments of chromite, 1997 to 2008
156. South Africa: Estimated production capacity for chromite by producer, 2008
157. South Africa: Pelletising capacity installed/planned, 1999 to 2010
158. South Africa: Metal-from-slag recovery plants, 2008
159. South Africa: Production and shipments of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2006
160. South Africa: Production of chromium ferroalloys by grade, 1995 to 2008
161. South Africa: Estimated production capacity for ferro-chrome by producer, 2008
162. South Africa: Potential increases in ferro-chrome production capacity, as of April 2009
163. Batlhako Mining: Resources
164. Chromex: Steallite Project inferred resources
165. Chromex: Mecklenburg Project resources/reserves
166. Hernic Ferrochrome: Mining operations
167. International Ferro Metals: Forecast output, as of 2008
168. International Ferro-Metals: Mineral reserves/resources, as of June 2008
169. Rustenburg Chrome Mine: Grades of chromite production
170. Samancor Chrome: Chromite mining operations
171. Samancor Chrome: Grades of chromite production
172. Samancor Chrome: Production of chromite and ferro-chrome, 1998 to 2004
173. Samancor Chrome: Ferro-chrome operations
174. Samancor Chrome: Grades of ferro-chrome production
175. Xstrata-Merafe: Capacity of chromite mining and ferro-chrome smelters, 2007 and 2008
176. Xstrata-Merafe: Reserves and resources, June 2008
177. Xstrata-Merafe: Production of chromite, 2001 to 2008
178. Xstrata-Merafe: Smelting operations
179. Xstrata-Merafe: Production of ferro-chrome, 2001 to 2008
180. Fesa: Production of ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
181. Ingessana Hills Mines: Production and exports of chromite, 1997 to 2008
182. Vargon Alloys: Ferroalloy furnaces
183. Vargon Alloys: Specifications for ferro-chrome
184. Vargon Alloys: Production of high-carbon ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2008
185. Turkey: Production and exports of chromite, 1997 to 2008 and Q1 2008/09
186. Turkey: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2008
187. Eti Elektrometalurji: Grades of chromite production
188. Eti Elektrometalurji: Ferro-chrome operations
189. Eti Krom: Expansion plans for production and export of chrome ore, 2008 to 2013
190. Turk Maadin Sirketi: Grades of chromite
191. Kromsan: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
192. Derwent Mining: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
193. Bell Group: Typical specifications for aluminothermic chromium metal
194. Bell Group: Typical specifications for electrolytic chromium metal
195. London and Scandinavian Metallurgical: Grades of chromium metal and powders
196. Elementis Chromium: Production capacity for chromium chemicals in the UK
197. Elementis Chromium: Exports of chromium chemicals recorded by leading importing countries, 2003 to 2008
198. USA: Chromium market, 2002 to 2006
199. USA: Chromium market, 2002 to 2006
200. USA: Production and imports of chromite, 2003 to 2008
201. USA: Imports of ferro-chrome by country of origin, 2003 to 2008
202. USA: Imports of chromium metal by country of origin, 2003 to 2008
203. Processors of chromium metal products
204. USA: Government stockpile uncommitted inventories, year-end 2003 to 2008
205. USA: Government stockpile status, 30th September 2008
206. USA: Available material through the Annual Materials Plan, 2003 to 2009
207. USA: Sales of ferro-chrome from government stockpiles via BOA, January 2008 to January 2009
208. USA: Sales of chromium metal from government stockpiles via BOA, January 2008 to Febuary 2009
209. Elementis Chromium: Production capacity for chromium chemicals
210. Vietnam: Production and exports of chromite, 1997 to 2008
211. Zimbabwe: Production of chromite, 1997 to 2008
212. Zimbabwe: Production of chromium ferroalloys, 1997 to 2008
213. Zimbabwe Alloys: Mining operations
214. Zimasco: Chrome ore mining operations
215. World: Chromite consumption, 2000 to 2008
216. World: Chromite apparent consumption, 2000 to 2007
217. World: Forecast chromite demand, 2008 to 2013
218. World: Ferro-chrome consumption, 2002 to 2008
219. World: Forecast ferro-chrome consumption, stainless steel production, and global GDP, 2008 to 2013
220. World: Chromium metal consumption, 1998 to 2008
221. Regional chromium metal consumption, 1999 to 2008
222. World: Forecast chromium metal consumption, 2008 to 2013
223. World: Chromium chemical consumption, 1999 to 2008
224. World: Forecast chromium chemical consumption, 2009 to 2013
225. World: Production of stainless steel by region, 2008
226. World: Production of stainless steel by region, 2003 to 2007
227. World: Stainless steel production by country, 2000 to 2007
228. World: Selected new stainless capacity, as of December 2008
229. World: Stainless steel consumption, 1998 to 2007
230. World: Consumption of ferro-chrome in stainless steel, 2002 to 2008
231. World: Stainless steel production, consumption and world GDP, year-on-year change, 2008 to 2013
232. World: Stainless production and ferro-chrome consumption forecast, 2009 to 2013
233. World: Alloy steel production by region, 2000 to 2007
234. World: Production of high-strength steels, 2002 to 2007
235. World: Production of alloy tool and high speed steel, 2001 to 2007
236. World: Finished steel production, 2001 to 2007
237. World: Leading producers of cast iron by type, 2006
238. World: Chromium consumption in chemicals, 2000 to 2008
239. World: Chromium chemical consumption in leather tanning, 2000 to 2008
240. World: Chromium chemical consumption in metal finishing, 2000 to 2008
241. World: Chromium chemical consumption in wood preservatives, 2000 to 2008
242. USA: Nominal composition of CCA wood preservatives
243. World: Chromium chemical consumption in pigments, 2000 to 2008
244. Properties of high-grade mag-chrome refractories
245. Properties of fine-grained chromic oxide refractories
246. Specifications for refractory-grade chromite
247. Specifications for Accrox R chromic oxide
248. USA: Shipments of refractories, 1997 to 2007
249. Japan: Production of mag-chrome refractories, 1997 to 2007
250. World: Consumption of chromite in refractories, 1970 to 2007
251. Typical specifications for chromite foundry sands
252. World: Leading producers of castings, 2006
253. World: Imports of chromium ores and concentrates by leading country, 2008
254. World: Exports of chromium ores and concentrates by leading country, 2008
255. World: Imports of ferro-chrome by leading country, 2008
256. Exports of ferro-chrome by leading country, 2008
257. World: Imports of chromium metal by leading country, 2008
258. World: Exports of chromium metal by leading country, 2008
259. World: Imports of chromium chemicals by leading country, 2008
260. World: Exports of chromium chemicals by leading country, 2008
261. World: Forecast chromite consumption, 2008 to 2013
262. World: Forecast chromite production and consumption, 2009 to 2013
263. World: Forecast ferro-chrome consumption, stainless steel production, and global GDP, 2008 to 2013
264. World; Forecast ferro-chrome production, 2009 to 2013
265. World: Forecast ferro-chrome production and consumption, 2009 to 2013
266. Prices of South African metallurgical-grade chromite, friable, lumpy, 40% Cr2O3, 2000 to 2009
267. Forecast chromite prices and consumption, 2009 to 2013
268. Prices of Japanese imports of ferro-chrome, 1998 to 2008
269. Free market prices of ferro-chrome, d/d consumers works, major European destinations, 2001 to 2009
270. US prices of ferro-chrome, 2000 to 2009
271. Forecast ferro-chrome consumption and price, 2009 to 2013
272. Prices of South African non-metallurgical chromite, 2000 to 2009
273. Annual average values of imports of chromium chemicals, 2001 to 2008
274. Annual average values of exports of chromium chemicals, 2001 to 2008
275. Free market prices of chromium metal, 2001 to 2009
276. US average annual prices of chromium metal, 1999 to 2006

Figures Listing

1. World: Chromite and ferro-chrome production, 2003 to 2008
2. World: Consumption by product group, 2003 to 2008
3. World: Chromite production by end-use
4. Prices by type, 2002 to 2009
5. World: Forecast chromium demand by grade, 2009 to 2013
6. World: Chromium market, 2008
7. World: Reserves of chrome ore by country, 2007
8. Processing of chrome ore
9. Processing of sodium dichromate
10. World: Production of chromite by leading producing countries, compared to ferro-chrome production, 2002 to 2008
11. World: Proportion of chromite production by leading producing countries, 2002 to 2008
12. World: production of chromite by region, 2008
13. World: Production capacity for chromite by leading country 2005
14. World: Production of ferro-chrome by leading producing countries, compared to stainless steel production, 2002 to 2008
15. World: Proportion of ferro-chrome production by leading producing countries, 2002 to 2008
16. World: production of ferro-chrome by region, 2008
17. World: Production capacity for ferro-chrome by leading producer, 2005
18. World: Production of low-carbon ferro-chrome by country, 2001 to 2008
19. World: Estimated production capacity for chromium metal by country, 2007
20. World: Production capacity for chromium chemicals by country, 2005
21. Brazil: Reserves of chrome ore by state, 2006
22. Consumption of Brazilian beneficiated chrome ore by end-use, 2005
23. China: Supply of chromite, 1995 to 2008
24. China: Imports of chromite ores and concentrates, 2004 to 2008
25. India: Comparison of ferro-chrome production, exports and prices, 1996/97 to 2007/08
26. India: Production of chromite by grade, 2006/07
27. Kazakhstan: Production of chromite and ferro-chrome, 1992 to 2008
28. ENRC: Company structure
29. Imports of Kazakh ferro-chrome by reporting country, 2008
30. Reporting country imports of Kazakh chromium chemicals by country and product, 2007
31. Russia: Comparison of chromite production and imports, 1997 to 2008
32. South Africa: Production of chromite and ferro-chrome, 1997 to 2006
33. South Africa: Exports of chromite by major importing country, 2002 to 2007
34. South Africa: Exports of ferro-chrome by region, 2008
35. South Africa: Production capacity for ferro-chrome by producer, 2008
36. Structure of the Xstrata-Merafe Joint Venture
37. USA: Imports of ferro-chrome and stainless steel production, 1998 to 2008
38. Zimbabwe: Pattern of ferro-chrome production and exports, 1997 to 2008
39. World: Chromite consumption vs stainless steel production, 1997 to 2008
40. Regional share of chromite consumption, 1997 to 2007
41. World: Forecast annual change in chromite consumption, 2008 to 2013
42. World: Ferro-chrome consumption and stainless steel production, 2002 to 2008
43. World: Regional ferro-chrome consumption, 2008
44. World: Forecast annual change in ferro-chrome consumption, 2008 to 2013
45. World: Consumption of chromium metal by end-use, 2007
46. World: Annual change in aircraft deliveries, 1997 to 2008
47. Stainless steel: Annual stainless steel production by grade, 2000 vs 2008
48. World: Stainless production by region, 2007
49. World: Stainless steel production growth by region, 2004 to 2007
50. Monthly LME nickel price index
51. World: Cumulative annual stainless steel capacity, 2007 to 2012
52. World: Stainless steel flat products apparent supply index, 1996 to 2008
53. Consumption index of various metal commodities, 1998 to 2007
54. World: Stainless steel consumption growth, 1996 to 2007
55. Asia: Stainless steel consumption index, 1998 to 2007
56. Western Europe: Stainless steel consumption growth, 2000 to 2007
57. World: Stainless steel consumption by end-use, 2008
58. World: Stainless steel production and ferro-chrome consumption, 2002 to 2008
59. World: Stainless steel production and GDP, 2000 to 2008
60. World: Annual change in stainless steel consumption, 1999 to 2007
61. China: Stainless production as a proportion of total world production, 2000 to 2008
62. World: Stainless steel stock cycle index, 2000 to 2008
63. World: Potential overcapacity in the stainless steel industry, 2009 to 2012
64. World: Ferro-chrome consumption in stainless steel, 2008 to 2013
65. World: Alloy steel production by region, 2007
66. World: Production of alloy tool and high speed steel, 2001 to 2007
67. World: Top ten manufacturers of alloy tool and high speed steel, 2007
68. World: Finished steel production index, 2001 to 2007
69. Division of world high performance alloy market by region, 2006
70. Division of world high performance alloy market by industry, 2006
71. USA: Aerospace industry sales by product group, 1988 to 2008
72. World: Annual aircraft deliveries, 2000 to 2013
73. World: Civil aircraft deliveries, and world GDP, 1997 to 2007
74. World: Leading markets for chromium chemicals, 2008
75. World: Sodium dichromate production capacity, 2007,
76. World: consumption of chromium chemicals in leather tanning by region, 2008
77. World: Regional chromium chemical consumption in CCA preservatives, 2001 and 2007
78. World: Indexed ferro-chrome trade and stainless steel production, 2003 to 2008
79. World: Ferro-chrome exports by major exporting country, 2003 to 2008
80. World: Production of chromite by leading producing countries, 2002 to 2008
81. World: Forecast chromite production, 2009 to 2013
82. World: ferro-chrome consumption vs stainless production, 2000 to 2008
83. World: Regional ferro-chrome consumption, 2008
84. World: Production of ferro-chrome by leading producing countries, compared to stainless steel production, 2002 to 2008
85. World: Forecast ferro-chrome consumption, production and stainless steel production, 2009 to 2013
86. Price index between European import prices for metallurgical-grade chromite and ferro-chrome, 2001 to 2009
87. Average annual South African metallurgical-grade chromite price, 1994 to 2009
88. Forecast real and nominal chromite price, 2000 to 2013
89. Japanese ferro-chrome import price, 1998 to 2008
90. European free market prices of charge chrome, 52% Cr, 2001 to 2009
91. Forecast ferro-chrome price and consumption, 2009 to 2013
92. Average annual prices of South African non-metallurgical grade chromite, January 2000 to 2009
93. Free market prices of aluminothermic chromium metal, 99% Cr min, year-end 2001 to 2009

The Economics of Chromium, 11th edition 2009

Table of Contents

1. Summary

2. Introduction, occurrence and reserves of chromite

3. Mining and processing of chromium

4. Overveiw of world production of chromium

5. Review of chromium producing and processing countries

6. Overview of world consumption of chromium

7. Metallurgical applications for chromium

8. Chemical applications for chromium

9. Refractory applications for chromium

10. International trade in chromium

11. Chromite and ferro-chrome supply/demand balance

12. Prices of chromium

Tables Listing

Figures Listing