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Market Research Report
The Economics of Natural Graphite, 7th edition
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Table of Contents
Chapters Listing
1 Summary 5
2 Geology and resources 6
- 2 .1 Geology
- 2 .2 Properties and uses
- 2 .3 Reserves and resources
3 Processing of natural graphite 4
- 3 .1 High-purity natural graphite
- 3 .2 Expandable/expanded graphite
4 Review of world production of natural graphite 9
- 4 .1 Structure of the natural graphite industry
- 4 .2 Recycling of natural graphite
5 Review of production and processing by country and company 83
- 5 .1 Australia 2
- 5 .1 .1 Potential producers of natural graphite in Australia
- 5 .1 .1 .1 Strategic Energy Resources (SER)
- 5 .1 .1 .2 Munglinup deposit
- 5 .2 Austria 1
- 5 .2 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Austria
- 5 .2 .1 .1 Grafitbergbau Kaisersberg
- 5 .3 Brazil 5
- 5 .3 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Brazil
- 5 .3 .1 .1 Extrativa Metalquimica
- 5 .3 .1 .2 Grafita MG
- 5 .3 .1 .3 Nacional de Grafite
- 5 .3 .1 .4 Others
- 5 .4 Canada 6
- 5 .4 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Canada
- 5 .4 .1 .1 Eagle Graphite
- 5 .4 .1 .2 Timcal Canada
- 5 .4 .2 Potential producers of natural graphite in Canada
- 5 .4 .2 .1 Industrial Minerals Canada
- 5 .4 .2 .2 Fortune Graphite
- 5 .4 .2 .3 Worldwide Graphite Producers
- 5 .4 .2 .4 Ontario Graphite
- 5 .4 .2 .5 Consolidated Thompson Mines
- 5 .4 .2 .6 Iamgold
- 5 .5 China 27
- 5 .5 .1 Reserves and resources of natural graphite
- 5 .5 .2 Production and trade
- 5 .5 .3 Flake graphite production
- 5 .5 .3 .1 North-east
- 5 .5 .3 .2 Shandong production area
- 5 .5 .3 .3 Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Hebei area
- 5 .5 .4 Amorphous graphite production
- 5 .5 .5 Review of producers of natural graphite in China
- 5 .5 .5 .1 Changzhou Timcal Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .2 Heilongjiang Aoyu Graphite Group
- 5 .5 .5 .3 Hubei Hengda Graphite Shareholding
- 5 .5 .5 .4 Hunan Chenzhou Lutang Crystallitic Graphite and Carbon
- 5 .5 .5 .5 Hunan Chenzhou Lutang Graphite Mine No.2 Plant
- 5 .5 .5 .6 iCarbon
- 5 .5 .5 .7 Jixi Hengnai Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .8 Jixi Jinyu Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .9 Jixi Liumao Graphite Resources
- 5 .5 .5 .10 Jixi Tiansheng Nonmetal Industry
- 5 .5 .5 .11 Luoyang Guanqi Industrial and Trade
- 5 .5 .5 .12 Luobei Qingdao Haida Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .13 Luobei Yixiang Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .14 Qingdao Guyu Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .15 Qingdao Haida Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .16 Qingdao Haili Graphite Carbon
- 5 .5 .5 .17 Qingdao Heilong Graphite (Qingdao Black Dragon Graphite)
- 5 .5 .5 .18 Qingdao Henglide Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .19 Qingdao Hensen Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .20 Qingdao Jinhui Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .21 Qingdao Kropfmuhl Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .22 Qingdao Super Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .23 Qingdao Tianhe Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .24 Qingdao Tiansheng Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .25 Qingdao Tianzhuang Hengyuang Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .26 Qingdao Yanxin Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .27 Qingdao Zhongdong Graphite
- 5 .5 .5 .28 Timcal Jing Yuan Graphite (Baotou)
- 5 .5 .5 .29 Yichang Xincheng Graphite
- 5 .5 .6 Future areas of natural graphite production in China
- 5 .5 .7 Beneficiation of natural graphite in China
- 5 .5 .7 .1 BTR New Energy Materials (BTR)
- 5 .5 .7 .2 Changsha Hairong Electronic Materials
- 5 .5 .7 .3 Hunan Huiyu Science and Technology
- 5 .5 .7 .4 Liaoning Hongguang Technology
- 5 .5 .7 .5 Tianjin Tiecheng Battery Material
- 5 .5 .7 .6 Shanghai Shanshan Science and Technology
- 5 .5 .8 Traders of natural graphite in China
- 5 .6 Czech Republic 2
- 5 .6 .1 Producers of natural graphite in the Czech Republic
- 5 .6 .1 .1 Grafitove doly Stare Mesto
- 5 .6 .1 .2 Graphite Tyn spol
- 5 .6 .1 .3 Koh-I-noor Grafit
- 5 .7 France 1
- 5 .7 .1 Processors of natural graphite in France
- 5 .7 .1 .1 Carbone Lorraine
- 5 .7 .1 .2 Carbone Savoie
- 5 .8 Germany 5
- 5 .8 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Germany
- 5 .8 .1 .1 Graphit Kropfmuhl
- 5 .8 .1 .2 Carl Nolte Sohne
- 5 .8 .1 .3 Georg H Luh
- 5 .8 .1 .4 Sigri Great Lakes Carbon (SGL Carbon)
- 5 .8 .1 .5 Others
- 5 .9 Greece 1
- 5 .10 India 7
- 5 .10 .1 Producers of natural graphite in India
- 5 .10 .1 .1 Agrawal Graphite Industries (AGI)
- 5 .10 .1 .2 GR Graphite Industries
- 5 .10 .1 .3 Lakshminarayan Makhanlal (LMCO)
- 5 .10 .1 .4 Tamil Nadu Minerals (TAMIN)
- 5 .10 .1 .5 TP Mineral Industries (TPMI)
- 5 .10 .1 .6 Graphite India (GIL)
- 5 .10 .1 .7 HEG
- 5 .10 .1 .8 Others
- 5 .10 .1 .9 Beneficiation of natural graphite in India
- 5 .11 Italy 1
- 5 .12 Kazakhstan 1
- 5 .13 North Korea 2
- 5 .14 South Korea 1
- 5 .15 Madagascar 3
- 5 .15 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Madagascar
- 5 .15 .1 .1 Etablissements Gallois
- 5 .15 .1 .2 Etablissements Rostaing
- 5 .15 .1 .3 Others
- 5 .15 .2 Potential producers of natural graphite in Madagascar
- 5 .16 Mexico 2
- 5 .16 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Mexico
- 5 .16 .1 .1 Grafito Superior
- 5 .16 .1 .2 Grafitos Mexicanos
- 5 .16 .1 .3 Others
- 5 .16 .1 .4 Grafito de Mexico
- 5 .17 Mongolia 1
- 5 .18 Mozambique 1
- 5 .18 .1 Potential producers of natural graphite in Mozambique
- 5 .18 .1 .1 Timcal Graphite and Carbon
- 5 .19 Namibia 1
- 5 .20 Norway 2
- 5 .20 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Norway
- 5 .20 .1 .1 Skaland Graphite
- 5 .21 Peru 1
- 5 .22 Romania 1
- 5 .23 Russia 2
- 5 .23 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Russia
- 5 .23 .1 .1 Krasnoyarskgraphit
- 5 .23 .1 .2 Uralgraphite
- 5 .23 .2 Potential producers of natural graphite in Russia
- 5 .24 Sierra Leone 1
- 5 .25 Slovakia 1
- 5 .26 Spain 1
- 5 .27 South Africa 1
- 5 .28 Sri Lanka 4
- 5 .28 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Sri Lanka
- 5 .28 .1 .1 Bogala Graphite Lanka
- 5 .28 .2 Potential producers of natural graphite in Sri Lanka
- 5 .28 .2 .1 Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka (KGLL)
- 5 .28 .2 .2 RS Products
- 5 .29 Sweden 2
- 5 .29 .1 Potential producers of natural graphite in Sweden
- 5 .29 .1 .1 Mirab Mineral Resurser
- 5 .29 .1 .2 Tricorona
- 5 .29 .2 Processors of natural graphite in Sweden
- 5 .29 .2 .1 Minelco Group
- 5 .30 Switzerland 1
- 5 .30 .1 Processors of natural graphite in Switzerland
- 5 .30 .1 .1 Timcal Graphite and Carbon
- 5 .31 Tanzania 1
- 5 .32 Turkey 1
- 5 .32 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Turkey
- 5 .32 .1 .1 Karabacak Metal and Mining
- 5 .33 Ukraine 2
- 5 .33 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Ukraine
- 5 .33 .1 .1 Zavalyevsky (Zavalevsky) Graphite Complex
- 5 .34 United Kingdom 2
- 5 .34 .1 Processors of natural graphite in the UK
- 5 .34 .1 .1 Branwell Graphite
- 5 .34 .1 .2 James Durrans Group
- 5 .34 .1 .3 Morgan Crucible
- 5 .35 USA 6
- 5 .35 .1 Processors of natural graphite in the USA
- 5 .35 .1 .1 Acheson Industries
- 5 .35 .1 .2 Asbury Carbons
- 5 .35 .1 .3 GrafTech International
- 5 .35 .1 .4 iCarbon
- 5 .35 .1 .5 Poco Graphite
- 5 .35 .1 .6 Superior Graphite
- 5 .36 Uzbekistan 2
- 5 .37 Vietnam 1
- 5 .38 Zimbabwe 1
- 5 .38 .1 Producers of natural graphite in Zimbabwe
- 5 .38 .1 .1 Zimbabwe German Graphite Mines
6 International trade 20
- 6 .1 Exports of natural graphite
- 6 .2 Imports of natural graphite
7 World consumption of natural graphite 9
- 7 .1 Consumption of natural graphite in China
- 7 .2 Consumption of natural graphite in the USA
- 7 .3 Consumption of natural graphite in other countries
8 End-uses of natural graphite 80
- 8 .1 Refractories 30
- 8 .1 .1 Natural graphite-containing refractories
- 8 .1 .1 .1 Magnesia-carbon refractories
- 8 .1 .1 .2 Alumina-carbon refractories
- 8 .1 .1 .3 Silicon carbide-graphite refractories
- 8 .1 .2 Production of crude steel
- 8 .1 .3 Steel-making processes
- 8 .1 .4 Refractory manufacturers
- 8 .1 .4 .1 ANH Refractories
- 8 .1 .4 .2 GrafTech International
- 8 .1 .4 .3 Imerys
- 8 .1 .4 .4 Linco Baxo Group
- 8 .1 .4 .5 Magnesita
- 8 .1 .4 .6 Morgan Crucible
- 8 .1 .4 .7 Preiss-Daimler Group
- 8 .1 .4 .8 Refratechnik
- 8 .1 .4 .9 RHI Group
- 8 .1 .4 .10 Saint-Gobain Ceramics
- 8 .1 .4 .11 Shinagawa Refractories
- 8 .1 .4 .12 Tata Refractories (TRL)
- 8 .1 .4 .13 Vesuvius Group
- 8 .1 .5 Magnesia-carbon brick manufacturers
- 8 .1 .6 Crucibles
- 8 .2 Recarbursing in steel-making 2
- 8 .3 Powder metallurgy 4
- 8 .3 .1 Ultra-hard alloys
- 8 .4 Foundry and forging applications 1
- 8 .5 Carbon-graphite composites 3
- 8 .6 Lubricants 3
- 8 .7 Pencils 1
- 8 .8 Batteries 21
- 8 .8 .1 Primary batteries
- 8 .8 .1 .1 Alkaline batteries
- 8 .8 .1 .2 Zinc-carbon batteries
- 8 .8 .1 .3 Primary battery manufacturers
- 8 .8 .2 Secondary batteries
- 8 .8 .2 .1 Lithium-ion/polymer batteries
- 8 .8 .2 .2 Production of secondary batteries
- 8 .8 .2 .3 Lithium secondary battery manufacturers
- 8 .8 .3 Demand for lithium secondary batteries
- 8 .8 .3 .1 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for portable goods
- 8 .8 .3 .2 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for transport
- 8 .8 .3 .3 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for other
applications
- 8 .8 .4 Fuel cells
- 8 .8 .4 .1 Applications for fuel cells
- 8 .9 Friction materials 7
- 8 .10 Flexible graphite products 5
- 8 .10 .1 Flexible graphite manufacturers
- 8 .11 Carbon-graphite foam 1
- 8 .12 Other uses for natural graphite 2
- 8 .12 .1 Rubbers and plastics
- 8 .12 .2 Paint
- 8 .12 .3 Nuclear
9 Alternatives to natural graphite 3
10 Future demand for natural graphite 6
- 10 .1 Refractories
- 10 .2 Batteries and fuel cells
- 10 .3 Friction materials
- 10 .4 Flexible graphite products
- 10 .5 Nuclear
11 Prices of natural graphite 8
- 11 .1 China
- 11 .2 USA
- 11 .3 Future price trends
Appendix A Forecast expansions and development projects
Appendix B EU: Production of refractories by major producing country
Appendix C International trade statistics
Tables Listing
- 1 Typical chemical composition of natural amorphous, flake and lump
graphite
- 2 Ash content and analysis in natural graphite
- 3 Industrial applications for natural and synthetic graphite
- 4 World: Reserves and reserves base of natural graphite, 2009
- 5 Location of major natural graphite deposits by type
- 6 Applications for high-purity graphites and alternatives
- 7 Applications for expandable/expanded graphite
- 8 World: Production of natural graphite, by country, 2001 to 2008
- 9 World: Year-on year growth/decline in production, 2002 to 2008
- 10 World: Particle size and carbon content of commercial graphite
production
- 11 World: Estimated capacity of natural graphite by producer, 2008
- 12 Austria: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 13 Brazil: Reserves of natural graphite by state, 2005
- 14 Brazil: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 15 Brazil: Production by major companies, 2002 to 2007
- 16 Nacional de Grafite: Products and their uses
- 17 Canada: Production, trade and reported consumption of graphite, 2001
to 2008
- 18 Canada: Status of major natural graphite mining operations and
developments, as of June 2009
- 19 Quebec: Imports of natural graphite, 2005 to 2008
- 20 Worldwide Graphite Producers: Possible scenarios for project lifespan
- 21 China: Explored deposits divided by size and type, 1996
- 22 China: Classification of Chinese graphite deposit size
- 23 China: Distribution of natural graphite resources, by region
- 24 China: Distribution of natural graphite resources, by province
- 25 China: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 26 China: Production of natural graphite, 1991 to 2008
- 27 China: Main operating graphite mines in China
- 28 China: Detailed information on ore grades of Chinese flake graphite
- 29 China: Chemical components of Chinese flake graphite
- 30 China: Flake graphite production by area, 2007
- 31 China: Flake graphite producers in Xinghe county, Inner Mongolia
- 32 China: Detailed information on ore grades of Chinese amorphous graphite
- 33 China: Chemical components of Chinese amorphous graphite
- 34 China: Natural graphite producers, 2007
- 35 Qingdao Heilong Graphite: Product list, uses and capacity
- 36 Qingdao Hensen Graphite: Product list and capacity
- 37 China: Major graphite mining and beneficiation companies, 2007
- 38 Czech Republic: Deposits by type, 2007
- 39 Czech Republic: Reserves/resources of natural graphite, 1999 to 2007
- 40 Czech Republic: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 41 Germany: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 42 Graphit Kropfmuhl: Mining and processing capacity
- 43 Graphit Kropfmuhl AG: Corporate structure
- 44 India: Reserves/resources of graphite by state or grade, April 2005,
- 45 India: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 46 India: Production of graphite by sector, state and district, 2003/4 to
2006/7
- 47 India: Relative size of operating mines, 2006/7
- 48 India: Major producers of natural graphite, 2006/7
- 49 TP Minerals: Location of natural graphite mines and processing plants,
2000
- 50 India: Location of major graphite beneficiation plants, 2006/7
- 51 North Korea: Inferred exports of natural graphite, 2001 to 2009
- 52 South Korea: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 53 Madagascar: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 54 Mexico: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 55 Norway: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 56 Norway: Imports of natural graphite, 1998 to 2009
- 57 Romania: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 58 Russia: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 59 Sri Lanka: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 60 Bogala Graphite Lanka: Vein graphite products
- 61 Sweden: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 62 Timcal: Details of major operations
- 63 Turkey: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 64 Ukraine: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 65 Zavalievsky: Product list
- 66 UK: trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 67 USA: Trade and reported consumption of graphite, 2001 to 2009
- 68 Asbury Carbons: Location of graphite processing plants, 2007
- 69 Asbury Carbons: Specification of natural graphite products by major
application
- 70 GrafTech: Segments, products and applications, 2005 to 2007
- 71 iCarbon: Location of facilities
- 72 Superior Graphite: Location of facilities
- 73 Uzbekistan: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 74 Vietnam: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 75 Zimbabwe: Production and trade in graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 76 World: Exports and Imports of graphite by type, 2001 to 2008
- 77 World: Exports of natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 78 World: Exports of powder/flake natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 79 World: Exports of other types of natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 80 China: Exports of natural graphite by district, 2003 to 2008
- 81 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite exports, 2006
- 82 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite exports, 2007
- 83 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite exports, 2008
- 84 World: Imports of natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 85 World: Imports of powder/flake natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 86 World: Imports of other types of natural graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 87 China: Imports of natural graphite by district, 2003 to 2008
- 88 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite imports, 2006
- 89 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite imports, 2007
- 90 World: Major trade flows of natural graphite imports, 2008
- 91 USA: Trade in natural graphite, 2001-2008
- 92 USA: consumption of natural graphite by end use, 2001 to 2008
- 93 USA: Consumption of natural graphite by end-use, 1999 to 2008
- 94 Canada: Reported use of natural graphite, 1998-2006
- 95 India: Reported consumption of graphite, by end use industry, 2002/03
to 2005/06
- 96 Developing applications for natural graphite
- 97 Developing applications for natural graphite in the energy sector
- 98 Graphite specifications by end use
- 99 Chinese refractory production, 2000 to 2007
- 100 EU: Anti-dumping duties imposed on Chinese companies
- 101 Japan: Production of refractories and graphite use, 2001 to 2008
- 102 USA: Shipments of refractories, 1993 to 2008
- 103 South America: Capacity and production of refractories by type, form,
and country, 2007 and 2008
- 104 World: Production of crude steel by country 1999 to 2008
- 105 Crude steel production by principal steelmakers, 2007
- 106 World: Production of crude steel by process divided by region, 2006
- 107 World: Steel manufactured by continuous casting (as a percentage of
total steel production), 1999 to 2007
- 108 Calderys: Production facilities, 2008
- 109 Refratechnik: Specifications for shaped refractory products
containing graphite, for use in the steel industry
- 110 Refratechnik: MACARBON products
- 111 RHI: Estimated basic refractories production capacity by plant, 2009
- 112 Vesuvius India: production and sales of refractories 2006 to 2008
- 113 World: Magnesia-carbon brick manufacturers, 2009
- 114 Composition of clay and tar-bonded SiC crucibles
- 115 Asbury Carbons: Specifications of natural graphite for use in powder
metal parts and mixes
- 116 Timcal Graphite and Carbon: Graphite applications in the powder
metallurgy and hard metals markets
- 117 Timcal Graphite and Carbon: Specifications and applications of TIMREX
natural graphites for use in powder metallurgy and hard metals
- 118 Japan: Consumption of graphite in ultra-hard alloys, 2002 to 2008
- 119 Properties of typical carbon-graphite composites
- 120 Fillers for carbon-graphite products
- 121 Examples of applications for graphite in the glass industry
- 122 Japan: Production and shipments of carbon products, 2003-2005
- 123 Grades of graphite for use in battery applications and fuel cells
- 124 Comparison of main types of primary batteries
- 125 Typical properties of primary dry battery systems
- 126 Japan: Production of primary batteries by type, 2001 to 2008
- 127 Japan: Exports and Imports of primary batteries by type, 2004 to 2008
- 128 World: Major primary battery manufacturers
- 129 Comparison of main types of secondary batteries
- 130 Typical properties of secondary battery systems
- 131 Current and planned vehicles using lithium secondary batteries
- 132 Major fuel cell designs
- 133 Types of brake-pad for cars and trucks
- 134 Timcal: Specifications for TIMREX natural flake graphite for friction
materials
- 135 World: Production of cars by region and major countries 2000 to 2008
- 136 World: Production of light commercial vehicles by region and major
countries 2000 to 2008
- 137 World: Production of heavy trucks by region and major countries 2000
to 2008
- 138 World: Production of buses and coaches by region and major countries
2000 to 2008
- 139 USA: Estimated unit consumption of natural graphite in brake linings
of new motor vehicles, 2000 to 2008
- 140 GraphTec International: GRAFOIL products
- 141 World: Status of nuclear power plants, January 2007
- 142 USA: Production, trade and consumption of natural and synthetic
graphite, 2006
- 143 USA: Shipments of synthetic graphite by end use, 2005 to 2006
- 144 World: Estimated demand for natural graphite from future nuclear
reactors
- 145 Prices of natural flake graphite, August 1984 to June 2009
- 146 Price ranges of amorphous natural graphite powder, 80-85% C, August
1984 to June 2009
- 147 Prices of 99.95% C synthetic graphite, year end 2005 to 2008
- 148 China: Chinese graphite industry self-discipline price for Chinese
natural graphite, 2005
Figures Listing
- 1 China: production and exports of graphite, 1998-2008
- 2 Companies representing an estimated 45% of graphite production
capacity, 2008
- 3 China: Consumption of natural graphite by end-use, 2009
- 4 Natural graphite manufacturing process
- 5 World production of natural graphite by type and country, 2008
- 6 World: Natural graphite production, by region, 2002 to 2008
- 7 China: Exports of natural graphite by region, 1998 to 2008
- 8 Graphit Kropfmuhl: Graphite sales, by application, 2005/6
- 9 Sri Lanka: Exports by major country, 1998 to 2008
- 10 Sri Lanka: Quantity and average value of exports by selected
countries, 2008
- 11 World: Exports of natural graphite by country, 2001 to 2008
- 12 China: Exports of natural graphite by region, 1998 to 2008
- 13 Japan: Imports of natural graphite from China and elsewhere, 1998 to
2008
- 14 World: Estimated division of consumption by region and country, 2008
- 15 World: Consumption of natural graphite by end-use, 2009
- 16 USA: Comparison of average value of imports and exports of natural
graphite, 2001 to 2008
- 17 USA: Historical consumption of natural graphite, 1975 to 2007
- 18 USA: Comparison of flake and amorphous natural graphite consumption,
1999 to 2007
- 19 USA: Consumption by end-use, 1975 to 2007
- 20 Brazil: Consumption of beneficiated natural graphite by end-use, 2005
- 21 China: Refractory production compared with flake graphite supply
- 22 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in refractories, 1993 to 2007
- 23 World: Crude steel production by country, 2008
- 24 World: Production of crude steel and year-on-year changes, 1995 to 2008
- 25 World: Production of crude steel by principal regions and countries,
1999 to 2008
- 26 World: Production of crude steel using basic oxygen and electric arc
furnaces, 1988 to 2007
- 27 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in steel-making, 1974 to 1997
- 28 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in powder metallurgy, 1988 to 2007
- 29 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in foundries and foundry facings,
1974 to 2007
- 30 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in lubricants, 1974 to 2007
- 31 Secondary battery sales by type, 2000-2008
- 32 Lithium-ion battery production by country, 2000-2008
- 33 Average values of secondary batteries by type, 2000-2007
- 34 Breakdown of sales of lithium-ion battery cells by end-use, 2007
- 35 Design of a fuel cell
- 36 USA: Consumption of natural graphite in brake linings, 1974 to 2007
- 37 World: Crude steel production and GDP year-on-year change, 1998 to 2008
- 38 World: Crude steel production and GDP year-on-year change, 2007 to 2013
- 39 World: Investment in fuel cell projects and infrastructure, 1989 to
2008
- 40 Average value of natural graphite exports, by major producers, 1998 to
2009
- 41 Average price of natural graphite, October 2002 to June 2009
- 42 China: Average value of exports to major importing countries, 1995 to
2008
- 43 USA: Average value of quarterly imports of natural graphite, Q1 2007
to Q1 2009
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