Cement and Readymix Concrete in the U.S.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

• Scope of the Report
• Cement Market Composition
• Readymix Concrete Market Composition
• Methodology
• The Market for Cement and Readymix Concrete
• Cement Market
• Figure 1-1 U.S. Cement Market, 2001-2005 (E) (in billion $)
• Table 1-1 U.S. Market for Cement by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2001-2005 (E) (in million $)
• Readymix Concrete Market
• Figure 1-2 U.S. Readymix Concrete Market, 2001-2005 (E) (in billion $)
• Table 1-2 U.S. Market for Readymix Concrete by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2001-2005 (E) (in million $)
• Market Trends
• Overview
• Macroeconomic Trends Governing the Cement and Readymix Concrete Markets
• Positive Economic Trend Supports Cement Market Growth in 2005
• Factors Negatively Affecting Housing/Cement Demand in 2006
• Discouraging Population Rate
• Higher Inflation Rate
• Hike in Funds Rate Leading to Further Rise In Mortgage Rates
• Cement Shipments Growth Declines in 2006
• Non-residential Construction Growth Continues in 2006
• Cement Market Expected To Grow at Lower Rate In 2006
• Cement Supply Falls Short of Demand
• Higher Cement Demand and the Underlying Factors
• Measures Taken by Cement Producers to Meet Demand
• Major Consolidation in the Readymix Concrete Industry
• Consolidation/Expansion Continues in the Cement Industry
• Price Trends in the Cement/Readymix Concrete Industry
• Impact of Energy Costs on the Cement Industry
• Higher Cement and Readymix Selling Prices
• Measures Taken by Manufacturers to Reduce Costs
• Increasing Efficiencies
• Shift Toward Energy-Efficient Dry-Process Manufacturing
• Environmental Considerations - Reduction of Pollutants Emission
• Marketing Dynamics
• Supply Chain and Sales & Distribution
• Major Exhibitions and Conventions
• International Builders Show (IBS)
• American Institute of Architects (AIA) National Convention and Design Expo 2006
• CONEXPO-CON/AGG 2005
• NRMCA Fall Conference Expo 2006
• Associations and Standards
• Portland Cement Association (PCA)
• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
• Slag Cement Association (SCA)
• National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA)
• End Users
• Construction Industry Overview
• Construction Industry' s Strong Growth Continued in 2005
• Residential Sector Surges in 2005, Benefiting from Lower Mortgage Rates
• Non-residential Construction Sector Zooms in 2005
• Construction Industry Growth Slows in 2006
• Residential Sector Decline in 2006 Retards Construction Industry Growth
• Decline in New House Sales and Sales Prices
• Existing Home Sales and Sales Prices Also Dip
• Drastic Fall in New Privately Owned Housing Units
• Shift from Adjustable to Fixed-Rate Mortgage
• Despite Slower Home Value Growth, Housing Activity in 2006 to Set Third Best Year on Record
• Residential Sector Outlook for the Second Half of 2006
• Non-residential Sector Growth Continues in 2006
• Construction Maintenance and Improvements Gains Momentum in 2006
• Cement Customers Benefit from the Growth in Construction
• Concrete Products Manufacturers
• Contractors
• Building Material Dealers
• Market Projection and Outlook
• Hurricane Rebuilding Process
• Growth in Non-residential Construction
• Slowdown in Residential Construction
• Figure 1-3 U.S. Projected Cement Market, 2005-2010 (in billion $)
• Table 1-3 U.S. Projected Market for Cement, by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2006-2010 (in million $)
• Figure 1-4 U.S. Projected Readymix Concrete Market, 2005-2010 (in billion $)
• Table 1-4 U.S. Projected Market for Readymix Concrete, by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2006-2010 (in million $)

Chapter 2 Market

• Scope of the Report
• Methodology
• The Market for Cement and Readymix Concrete
  • Product Definition: Cement
  • Types of Cement
  • Portland Cement
  • Types of Portland Cement
  • Blended Cement
  • Types of Blended Cements
  • Non-Portland Hydraulic Cements
  • Types of Hydraulic Cement by Performance
  • Product Definition: Concrete
  • Concrete
  • Cement Market
  • Figure 2-1 U.S. Cement Market, 2001-2005 (E) (in billion $)
  • Table 2-1 U.S. Market for Cement by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2001-2005 (E) (in million $)
  • Table 2-2 U.S. Shipments of Cement, by Segment, 2001-2005, (in million $)
  • Cement Imports
  • Table 2-3 U.S. Total Imports, by Product Segment, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • U.S.-Mexico Trade Agreement for Cement Imports
  • Table 2-4 U.S. Total Imports of All Cement Products, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in million $)
  • Export of Cement Products
  • Table 2-5 U.S. Total Exports, by Product Segment, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-6 U.S. Total Exports of All Cement Products, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Readymix Concrete
  • Figure 2-2 U.S. Readymix Concrete Market, 2001-2005 (E) (in billion $)
  • Table 2-7 U.S. Market for Readymix Concrete by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2001-2005 (E) (in million $)
  • Table 2-8 U.S. Shipments of Readymix Concrete, by Category, 1992-2005 (E), (in million $)
  • Readymix Concrete Imports/Exports by Top Countries
  • Table 2-9 U.S. Imports of Wet Non-Refractory Mortars and Concretes, by Top Three Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-10 U.S. Exports of Wet Non-Refractory Mortars and Concretes, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Market Projection and Outlook
  • Figure 2-3 U.S. Projected Cement Market, 2005-2010 (in billion $)
  • Table 2-11 U.S. Projected Market for Cement, by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2006-2010 (in million $)
  • Figure 2-4 U.S. Projected Readymix Concrete Market, 2005-2010
  • (in billion $)
  • Table 2-12 U.S. Projected Market for Readymix Concrete, by Shipment and Import-Export Values, 2006-2010 (in million $)
  • Hurricane Rebuilding Process
  • Growth in Non-residential Construction
  • Slowdown in Residential Construction
  • Table 2-13 U.S. Imports of Hydraulic Lime, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-14 U.S. Imports of Hydraulic Lime, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-15 U.S. Imports of Cement Clinker, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-16 U.S. Imports of Cement Clinker, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-17 U.S. Imports of White Portland Cement Whether Or Not Are Colored, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-18 U.S. Imports of White Portland Cement Whether Or Not Are Colored, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-19 U.S. Imports of Portland Cement, Other than White Portland Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-20 U.S. Imports of Portland Cement, Other than White Portland Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-21 U.S. Imports of Aluminous Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-22 U.S. Imports of Aluminous Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-23 U.S. Imports of Hydraulic Cement, Other NESOI, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-24 U.S. Imports of Hydraulic Cement, Other NESOI, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Exports of Individual Cement Products By Top Five-Ten Countries
  • Table 2-25 U.S. Exports of Hydraulic Lime, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-26 U.S. Exports of Hydraulic Lime, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-27 U.S. Exports of Cement Clinkers, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-28 U.S. Exports of Cement Clinker, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-29 U.S. Exports of White Portland Cement Whether Or Not Are Colored, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-30 U.S. Exports of White Portland Cement Whether Or Not Are Colored, by Top Five Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-31 U.S. Exports of Portland Cement, Except White Portland Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-32 U.S. Exports of Portland Cement, Except White Portland Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-33 U.S. Exports of Aluminous Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-34 U.S. Export of Aluminous Cement, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Table 2-35 U.S. Exports of Hydraulic Cement, Other NESOI, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in thousand $)
  • Table 2-36 U.S. Exports of Hydraulic Cement, Other NESOI, by Top Ten Countries, 2001-2005, (in metric tons)
  • Shipments of Cement and Readymix Concrete, by Quantity
  • Figure 2-4 U.S. Annual Shipments of Portland and Masonry Cement, 2001-2004, (in million metric tons)
  • Figure 2-5 U.S. Monthly Shipments of Portland and Blended Cement, 2005-2006, (in million metric tons)
  • Figure 2-6 U.S. Monthly Shipments of Masonry Cement, 2005-2006, (in thousand metric tons)
  • Figure 2-7 U.S. Monthly Shipments of Slag Cement, 2001-2005, (in million metric tons)
  • Figure 2-8 U.S. Annual Readymix Concrete Production, 2001-2005, (in million cubic yards)
  • Figure 2-9 U.S. Monthly Readymix Concrete Production, 2006, (in million cubic yards)

Chapter 3 Competitive Profiles

• Overview
• Lafarge S.A.
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-1 Annual Revenues of Lafarge Group and Lafarge North America, Inc., 2001-2005 (in billion $)
  • Head Start in 2006
  • Product Portfolio
  • Cement Products
  • Table 3-1 Lafarge North America' s Cement Brand Portfolio
  • Concrete
  • Table 3-2 Lafarge North America' s Readymix Brand and Product Portfolio
  • Aggregates
  • Other Products
  • Snapshot
  • Acquisition of Ritchie Companies
  • Winner of the 2005 Phoenix Awards
  • Lafarge Group Extends its Ownership in Lafarge North America to 100%
  • Promotion Through Corporate Advertising Campaign
  • Energy Efficiency in Buildings Project Gains Strength
  • New Biannual Magazine "Crescendo"
• CEMEX, S.A. de C.V.
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-2 Annual Revenues of Cemex, S.A. de C.V., 2002-2005 (in billion $)
  • Mixed Performance in the U.S. in 2006
  • Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-3 Cemex, S.A. de C.V.' s Cement Product Portfolio Readymix Concrete
  • Table 3-4 Cemex, Inc.' s Special Readymix Concrete Brands Portfolio Related Products
  • Snapshot
  • Cemex Continues to Expand
  • RMC Acquisition Makes Cemex the World' s Largest Readymix Cement Producer
  • CEMEX Scores on Environmental Excellence
• Holcim Ltd.
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-3 Annual Revenues of Holcim Group, 2001-2005 (in billion $)
  • Big Leap in the First Half of 2006
  • Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-5 Holcim, (US) Inc.' s Portland Cement Product Portfolio
  • Holcim (US) Masonry Cement Product
  • Holcim (US) Cement/Lime Product
  • Snapshot
  • Strengthening of Aggregates Business
  • Company Sets Additional Targets in Sustainable Development
• HeidelbergCement Group
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-4 Annual Revenues of HeidelbergCement AG, 2001-2005 (in billion $)
  • Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-6 Lehigh Cement Company' s Cement Product Portfolio
  • Snapshot
  • Lehigh Cement Company Achieves Record 2005 Sales in North America
  • Alternative Fuels to Reduce Effect of Higher Fossil Fuel Costs
  • New Chairman for the Managing Board
  • Revaluation of Balance Sheet Items to Eliminate Related Risks
  • Company Decides to Increase Equity Base
  • Major Expansion Drive
  • Table 3-7 Expansion Activities of HeidelbergCement AG, 2005-2006
  • Encouraging Half Year 2006 Results
• Buzzi Unicem SpA
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-5 Annual Revenues of Buzzi Unicem SpA, 2001-2005 (in billion $)
  • Product Portfolio
  • Snapshot
  • Independence, Kansas Plant Celebrated Century Year in 2005
  • Environment Certification for Augusta (Italy) Cement Plant
• Florida Rock Industries, Inc.
  • Overview
  • Table 3-8 Florida Rock Industries, Inc.' s Construction Aggregates Segment Plant Operations
  • Table 3-9 Florida Rock Industries, Inc.' s Concrete Products Segment Plant Operations
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-6 Annual Revenues of Florida Rock Industries, Inc., 2001-2005 (in million $)
  • Table 3-10 Florida Rock Industries, Inc.' s 2005 Sales, by Market (in %)
  • Snapshot
  • Impressive 2006 Third Quarter (April-June) Results
  • Table 3-11 Florida Rock Industries, Inc.' s Third Quarter 2006 Sales, by Business Segment (in 1000 $)
• Italcementi S.p.A.
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • 2005 Results, as Compared to 2004
  • 2006 First Quarter Results, as Compared to 2005 First Quarter Results
  • Figure 3-7 Annual Revenues of Italcementi Group, 2001-2005 (in billion $)
  • Product Portfolio
  • Essroc Cement Products
  • Table 3-12 Essroc Bulk Cement for Concrete Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-13 Essroc Packaged Cement for Concrete Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-14 Essroc Masonry Cement Product Portfolio
  • Colored Masonry Cement
  • Table 3-15 Essroc Colored Masonry Cement' s Product Portfolio
  • Axim Concrete Products
  • Corrosion Inhibitors
  • Air Entrainers
  • Self-Consolidating Concrete
  • Block and Pipe Admixtures
  • Accelerators
  • Grinding Aids
  • Fibers
  • Water Reducers
  • Super-Plasticizers
  • Retarders
  • Snapshot
  • Acquisition of Egyptian Companies
  • Working Toward a Better Tomorrow
  • Best Merger and Acquisition Award
  • Group Takes Full Control of Zuari Cement in India
• Ash Grove Cement Company
  • Overview
  • Product Portfolio
  • Table 3-16 Ash Grove Cement Company' s Product Portfolio
  • Snapshot
  • Tenth Portland Cement Plant to Meet High Demand
  • Possible Boost in Cement Supply for Pacific Northwest
  • Cement Control Solution
• The Monarch Cement Company
  • Overview
  • Performance
  • Figure 3-8 Annual Revenues of The Monarch Cement Company, 2001-2005 (in million $)
  • Product Portfolio

Chapter 4 Trends

• Overview
• Macroeconomic Trends Governing the Cement and Readymix Concrete Markets
• Positive Economic Trend Supports Cement Market Growth in 2005
• Figure 4-1 U.S. Quarterly GDP Trend (in billion $), 2001-2006
• Table 4-1 U.S. Quarterly Economic Indicators, as Percentages from Previous Period, 2003-2006
• Figure 4-2 U.S. Monthly New House Sales (in millions), 2005-2006
• Factors Negatively Affecting Housing/Cement Demand in 2006
• Slowing Population Rate
• Figure 4-3 U.S. Annual Population Trend (in millions), 2001-2005
• Higher Inflation Rate
• Figure 4-4 Inflation Rate in the U.S., 2005-2006 (in %)
• Hike in Funds Rate Leading to Further Rise In Mortgage Rates
• Figure 4-5 U.S. Monthly Federal Funds Rate (in %), February 2005-June 2006
• Figure 4-6 U.S. Monthly Prime Rates/Short-Term Interest Rates (in %), 2005-2006
• Figure 4-7 U.S. Monthly Mortgage Rates (in %), 2005-2006
• Figure 4-8 U.S. Weekly Federal Funds Rate (in %), July 2006-September 2006
• Pause In Funds Rate Hike - As Housing Market Slows
• Figure 4-9 U.S. Weekly Mortgage Rates (in %), May-September 2006
• Cement Shipments Decline in 2006
• Non-residential Construction Growth Continues in 2006
• Cement Market Expected To Grow at Lower Rate In 2006
• Cement Supply Falls Short of Demand
• Higher Cement Demand and the Underlying Factors
• Imports Help Meet Demand
• Producers Increase Capacity
• Major Consolidation in the Readymix Concrete Industry
• Underlying Explanation for the Selling Spree
• Consolidation/Expansion Continues in the Cement Industry
  • Lafarge Group Mergers and Acquisitions
  • Acquisition of Ritchie Corporation
  • Lafarge Group Merges its Chinese Operations with Shui On
  • Acquisition of Betecna
  • Holcim Acquisitions Strategy
  • Holcim Acquires Aggregate Industries plc
  • Holcim Activities in India
  • CEMEX Strategy to Grow Via Acquisition
  • CEMEX Acquires RMC
  • HeidelbergCement Diversification Strategy
  • Glen Falls Acquisition by Lehigh Cement Company
  • Acquisition of Teutonia
  • Acquisition of Russian Company Gurovo Beton
  • Acquisition of Ukrainian Cement Company Doncement
  • Acquisition of Kazakhstan-based Buchtarma Cement Company
  • Acquisition of Danish Companies Randers Cement and DK Beton
  • Acquisition of Kartuli Cementi
  • Acquisition of Russian Cement Company Volsk
  • Buzzi Unicem SpA Purchases Dyckerhoff' s Ordinary Shares
  • Joint Ventures
  • CEMEX and ReadyMix USA, Inc.
  • HeidelbergCement and Jidong Cement, China
  • HeidelbergCement and Indorama Cement Ltd, India
• Price Trends in the Cement/Readymix Concrete Industry
  • Impact of Energy Costs on the Cement Industry
  • Table 4-3 Approximate Energy Consumption of Cement and Concrete Production
  • Figure 4-10 U.S. Producer Price Index of Coal, 2005-2006
  • Emission Allowances Could Add to Build-Up in Cost Pressures
  • Transportation Adds Significantly to Costs
  • Figure 4-11 U.S. Producer Price Index for Cement, 2005-2006
  • Figure 4-12 U.S. Producer Price Index for Readymix Concrete, 2005-2006
  • Figure 4-13 U.S. Annual Price Indexes of New One-Family Houses Sold Including Value of Lot, 2001-2006
  • Figure 4-14 U.S. Median Price and Average Price of Houses Actually Sold, 2005-2006
  • Figure 4-15 U.S. Annual Median and Average Sales Price of New One-Family Houses Sold, 2001-2005
  • Higher Cement and Readymix Selling Prices
  • Measures Taken by Manufacturers to Reduce Costs
  • Increasing Efficiencies
  • Shift toward Energy-Efficient Dry-Process Manufacturing
  • Environmental Considerations - Reduction of Pollutant Emissions
  • Self-Cleaning Concrete
  • Using Alternative Fuels

Chapter 5 Marketing Dynamics

• Major Exhibitions and Conventions in 2005/2006
• International Builders Show (IBS) 2005
• Benefits of Concrete
• International Builders Show (IBS) 2006
• PCA' s The New American Home
• American Institute of Architects (AIA) National Convention and Design Expo 2006
• CONEXPO-CON/AGG 2005
• NRMCA Fall Conference Expo 2006
• Supply Chain and Sales & Distribution
• CEMEX
• Monarch Cement Company
• Holcim Ltd
• HeidelbergCement Group
• Lafarge North America
• Associations and Standards
• Portland Cement Association (PCA)
• Sustainable Development Initiatives
• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
• Table 5-1 ASTM Test Methods Standard Specifications for Cement
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
• Table 5-1 AASHTO Test Methods Standard Specifications for Cement
• Slag Cement Association (SCA)
• National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA)
• Certifications
• Promotion Through Exposition And Other Events
• Research and Engineering
• Operations, Safety and Environment
• Training and Education
• Surveys on Readymix Concrete Business

Chapter 6 End Users

• Figure 6-1 Portland Cement Shipments, by Final Customer Type, 2003 (in %)
• Construction Industry Overview
• Construction Industry' s Strong Growth Continued in 2005
• Figure 6-2 U.S. Total Monthly Value of Construction, 2005 (in billion $)
• Residential Sector Surges in 2005, Benefiting from Lower Mortgage Rates
• Figure 6-3 U.S. Monthly Mortgage Rates, 2005 (in %)
• Non-residential Construction Sector Soars in 2005
• Construction Industry Growth Slows in 2006
• Figure 6-4 U.S. Monthly Total Value of Construction, 2006 (in billion $)
• Residential Sector Decline in 2006 Retards Construction Industry Growth
• Figure 6-5 U.S. Monthly Mortgage Rates, 2006 (in %)
• Decline in New House Sales and Sales Prices
• Figure 6-6 U.S. New Houses Sold and For Sale, 2004-2006 (in Thousands)
• Figure 6-7 U.S. Quarterly Median Sales Prices of New Homes Sold by Region, 2004-2006 (in 1000s)
• Existing Home Sales and Sales Prices Also Dip
• Figure 6-8 U.S. Monthly Existing Home Sales (in 1000s) and Median Sales Prices (in 1000$), 2005-2006
• Drastic Fall in New Privately Owned Housing Units
• Figure 6-9 U.S. New Privately Owned Housing Starts, 2005-2006 (in 1000s)
• Shift from Adjustable to Fixed-Rate Mortgage
• Despite Decline, Housing Activity in 2006 to Set Third Best Year on Record
• Residential Sector Decline Causes Real GDP Growth Slow Down in 2006
• Residential Sector Outlook for the Second Half of 2006
• Non-residential Sector Growth Continues in 2006
• Table 6-1 U.S. Value of Total Construction by Sectors, 2005-2006 (in billion $)
• Table 6-2 U.S. Value of Total Private Construction by Sectors, 2005-2006 (in billion $)
• NAR' s Projection on Different Non-residential Segments for 2006
• Office Market
• Industrial Market
• Table 6-3 U.S. Value of Total Public Construction by Sectors, 2005-2006 (in billion $)
• Hospitality Market
• Construction Maintenance and Improvements Gains Momentum in 2006
• Figure 6-10 U.S. Quarterly Expenditures for Maintenance and Repairs and Improvements, 2004-2006 (in billion $)
• Green Movement Gains Momentum in Construction
• Cement Customers Benefit from the Growth in Construction
• Concrete Products Manufacturers
• Figure 6-11 U.S. Annual Concrete Products Manufacturing, 2001-2005 (E), by Category (in billion $)
• Contractors
• Figure 6-12 U.S. Quarterly Expenditures for Owner-Occupied One-Unit Properties by Payments to Contractors or Materials Purchased by Owner 2004 Q1-2006 Q1 (in billion $)
• Building Material Dealers
• Figure 6-13 U.S. Estimated Annual Building Material and Supplies Dealer Sales 2001-2005 Q1 (in billion $)