Clean Coal Energy Technologies: Markets and Trends Worldwide

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

• Overview
  • Table 1-1: Environmental Challenges Presented by Various Coal Plant Emissions, 2008
• Pollutant Emission Reductions
  • Table 1-2: Comparison of Particulate Removal Systems, 2008
• Conversion Efficiency Improvements
  • Table 1-3: Average Achievable Combustion Efficiency by Combustion Technology, 2008
  • Pulverized Coal Combustion
  • Table 1-4: Pressure, Temperature, & Efficiency Comparison of PCC Steam Units, 2008
  • Fluidized Bed Combustion
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
• Carbon Capture and Sequestration
  • Figure 1-1: Pathway to Zero Emissions Coal Combustion, 2008
  • Carbon Capture
  • Carbon Transportation
• Carbon Sequestration
• Global Electricity Demand
  • Figure 1-2: Global Electricity Generation, 2004-2008 (Billion kWh)
• Coal Power Generation
  • Figure 1-3: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation Capacity, 2004-2008 (Gigawatt)
• Global Electricity Demand Projections
  • Figure 1-4: Global Electricity Generation, 2009-2013 (Billion kWh)
• Outlook for Coal Power
  • World Coal Reserves
  • Competing Traditional and Alternative Power Technologies
• Clean Coal Outlook and Winning Technologies
  • Figure 1-5: Global CCT Electricity Volume and Value, 2009-2013 (Volume in Terawatt hour; Value in $ M)
  • Figure 1-6: Clean Coal Electricity Generation by Technology, 2009-2013 (Terawatt hours)
• Report Scope
• Report Format
• Report Methodology
• Abbreviations
  • Table 1-5: Abbreviations Utilized in Report

Chapter 2: Technology Types

• Overview
• Coal
  • Table 2-1: Top Five Producers of World Hard Coal, 2008
  • Coal Extraction
  • Power Conversion
  • Table 2-2: World Electricity Generated from Coal, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Table 2-3: Environmental Challenges Presented by Various Coal Plant Emissions, 2008
  • Table 2-4: Average Emission Rates from Coal-Fired Electricity Generation, 2008
  • Table 2-5: Clean Coal Technologies and Emissions Addressed, 2008
  • Emissions
• Pollutant Emission Reductions
  • Coal Preparation
  • Flue Gas Cleanup Systems
• Particulate Removal Systems
  • Table 2-6: Comparison of Particulate Removal Systems, 2008
  • Fabric Filters
  • Electrostatic Precipitators
  • Figure 2-1: Electrostatic Precipitator Overhead View, 2008
  • Wet Particulate Scrubbers
• Flue Gas Desulfurization
  • Figure 2-2: Particulate and Sulfur Dioxide Removal in Pulverized Coal Combustion Process, 2008
  • Table 2-7: Comparison of Flue Gas Desulphurization Systems, 2008
  • Wet Scrubbers
  • Dry Scrubbers
  • Circulating Fluid Bed Scrubbers
  • Moving Bed Dry Scrubbers
  • Spray Dry Scrubbers
  • Sorbent Injection Processes
  • Furnace Sorbent Injection Process
  • Economizer Sorbent Injection Process
  • Duct Sorbent Injection Process
  • Hybrid Sorbent Injection
• Nitrogen Oxide Reduction Systems
  • Table 2-8: Comparison of Nitrogen Oxide-Reducing Flue Gas Systems, 2008
  • Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
• Conversion Efficiency Improvements
  • Figure 2-3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants at Various Efficiencies, 2008 (tonnes/MWh)
  • Table 2-9: Average Achievable Combustion Efficiency by Combustion Technology, 2008
  • Pulverized Coal Combustion Technologies
  • Figure 2-4: Pulverized Coal Combustion Process, 2008
  • Table 2-10: Pressure, Temperature, & Efficiency Comparison of PCC Steam Units, 2008
• Subcritical Pulverized Coal Combustion
• Supercritical Pulverized Coal Combustion
• Ultra-Supercritical Pulverized Coal Combustion
  • Fluidized Bed Combustion
• Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustion
  • Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustion
  • Pressurized Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustion
• Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  • Figure 2-5: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Combustion Process, 2008
• Carbon Capture and Sequestration
  • Figure 2-6: Pathway to Zero Emissions Coal Combustion, 2008
  • Carbon Capture
  • Figure 2-7: Carbon Capture Options in Development, 2008
• Pre-Combustion Capture
• Oxyfuel Combustion
• Post Combustion Capture
• Chemical Looping Combustion
• Carbon Transportation
• Carbon Sequestration
  • Figure 2-8: Carbon Sequestration Options, 2008
  • Geological Sequestration
• Deep Saline Formations
• Deep Coal Seams
• Depleted Oil and Gas Fields
• Other Geological Storage
  • Terrestrial Sequestration
  • Oceanic Sequestration
  • Chemical Conversion

Chapter 3: Market Size and Segmentation

• Overview
• Global Coal Production
  • Figure 3-1: Global Coal Productiona, 2004-2008 (Million Tonnes)
• Global Coal Consumption
  • Figure 3-2: Global Coal Consumption, 2004-2008 (Quadrillion Btu)
  • Table 3-1: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Member Nations, 2008
• Coal Consumption by Sector
  • Figure 3-3: Global Coal Consumption by Sector, 2008 (percent)
• Global Electricity Demand
  • Figure 3-4: Global Electricity Generation, 2004-2008 (Billion kWh)
• Coal Power Generation
  • Figure 3-5: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation Capacity, 2004-2008 (Gigawatts)
• Regional Coal Power Generation
  • Figure 3-6: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation by Region, 2008 (percent)
  • Figure 3-7: Coal Power Generation by Regiona, 2004-2009 (Billion kWh)
• Clean Coal Technologies
  • Environmental Impact of Coal
• Carbon Dioxide
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Mercury
• Lead
• Particulates
  • Figure 3-8: Typical Sulfur Dioxide Emissions of Coal Power Technologies (mg/ m3)
  • Figure 3-9: Typical Nitrogen Oxides Emissions of Coal Power Technologies (mg/m3)
  • Figure 3-10: Typical Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Coal Power Technologies (g/kWh)
  • Figure 3-11: Global Clean Coal Technology Electricity Volume and Value, 2004-2008 (Volume in Terawatt hour; Value in $ M)
  • Pulverized Coal Combustion
  • Subcritical Pulverized Coal Combustion
  • Figure 3-12: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation using Sub-Critical Plants, 2004-2008 (Terawatt hour)
  • Super and Ultra-Supercritical Pulverized Coal Combustion
  • Figure 3-13: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants at Various Efficiencies, 2008 (tonnes/MWh)
  • Table 3-2 Recent Ultra Supercritical Plants in China
  • Figure 3-14: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation using Super/Ultra-Critical Plants, 2004-2008 (Terawatt hour)
  • Fluidized Bed Combustion
  • Figure 3-15: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation Using FBC Plants, 2004-2008 (Terawatt hour)
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  • Figure 3-16: Global Coal-Fired Electricity Generation using IGCC Plants, 2004-2008 (Terawatt hour)
  • Carbon Capture and Sequestration
  • Figure 3-17: Carbon Sequestration Options, 2008

Chapter 4: Market Factors and Projections

• Overview
• Global Coal Supply Trends
• Global Coal Demand Trends
• Regional Coal Demand Trends
• North America
  • Europe
  • Australasia
• Global Electricity Demand Projections
  • Figure 4-1: Global Electricity Generation, 2009-2013 (Billion kWh)
• Outlook for Coal Power
  • World Coal Reserves
  • Competing Traditional and Alternative Power Technologies
  • Natural Gas
  • Fuel Conversion
  • Electricity Generation and Sustainability
  • Table 4-1: World Electricity Generated from Natural Gas, 2008
  • Table 4-2: World' s Proved Reserves of Natural Gas, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Nuclear
  • Fuel Conversion
  • Electricity Generation and Sustainability
  • Table 4-3: World Electricity Generated from Nuclear, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Hydroelectric
  • Electricity Generation and Sustainability
  • Table 4-4: World Electricity Generated from Hydroelectric, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Wind
  • Electricity Generation and Sustainability
  • Table 4-5: World Electricity Generated from Wind, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Solar
  • Electricity Generation and Sustainability
  • Table 4-6: World Electricity Generated from Solar, 2008
  • Environmental Impact
  • Table 4-7: Cost and Sustainability of World Electricity Generation by Fuel Type, 2008
  • Figure 4-2: Coal Power Generation by Regiona, 2009- 2013 (Billion kWh)
• Environmental Impact of Coal
  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Initiatives
  • The Kyoto Protocol
  • Figure 4-3: Kyoto Protocol Ratifying Nations
  • Table 4-8: Kyoto Protocol Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets (% change from 1990 level)
  • European Union Emissions Trading System
  • Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan
  • New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme
  • Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiatives in the United States
  • California Global Warming Solutions Act
  • Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
  • Western Climate Initiative
  • Public Perception and Policy Debate in the United States
  • Proponents of Coal
  • Opponents of Coal
  • Current Status of United States Policy on Clean Coal
• Clean Coal Outlook and Winning Technologies
  • China
  • United States
  • India
  • Japan
  • Europe
  • Australia
  • South Africa
  • Relative Performance and Cost of Clean Coal Technologies
  • Figure 4-4: Relative Total Capital Requirements for Clean Coal Technologies (Dollars per kilowatt capacity)
  • Figure 4-5: Relative Levelized Cost of Electricity for Clean Coal Technologies (Cents per kilowatt hour)
  • Clean Coal Forecast
  • Figure 4-6: Global Clean Coal Technology Electricity Volume and Value, 2009-2013 (Volume in Terawatt hour; Value in $ M)
  • Figure 4-7: Clean Coal Electricity Generation by Technology, 2009-2013 (Terawatt hours)
• Carbon Capture and Storage - Outlook
  • European Union Investment in Carbon Capture and Sequestration
  • Table 4-9: Carbon Capture and Sequestration Funding in the European Union, 2008
  • Australian Investment in Clean Coal Technologies

Chapter 5: Participant Profiles

• Overview
  • Table 5-1: Description of Companies Profiled

• Alstom
  • Table 5-2: Alstom Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• American Electric Power
  • Table 5-3: American Electric Power Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• BP
  • Table 5-4: BP Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Company News
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Citigroup
  • Table 5-5: Citigroup Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• ConocoPhillips
  • Table 5-6: ConocoPhillips Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Duke Energy
  • Table 5-7: Duke Energy Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Foster Wheeler, Incorporated
  • Table 5-8: Foster Wheeler, Incorporated Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Company News
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• General Electric
  • Table 5-9: General Electric Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Merrill Lynch
  • Table 5-10: Merrill Lynch Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Morgan Stanley
  • Table 5-11: Morgan Stanley Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Table 5-12: Morgan Stanley Product Mix, Pre and Post Smith Barney Merger, 2008 and 2008 pro forma (percent)
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Praxair, Incorporated
  • Table 5-13: Praxair, Incorporated Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Company News
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Royal Dutch Shell
  • Table 5-14: Royal Dutch Shell Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Siemens
  • Table 5-15: Siemens Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes

• Tampa Electric Company
  • Table 5-16: Tampa Electric Company Profile
• Corporate Background
• Product and Brand Portfolio
• Table 5-17: Tampa Electric Power Plants, 2009
• Performance
• Acquisitions and Divestitures
• Innovation
• Outlook
• Personnel Changes