1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Introduction
- Overview
- Scope and Methodology
- Technology Description
- Overview
- Key Developments
2 INTRODUCTION--APPLICATIONS; ADVANTAGES; HISTORY
- What Is Membrane Separation
- Definitions of Some Key Words
- Sorting by Pore Size
- More Separation Processes
- Applications of Membrane Separation
- Water Purification: From Potable to Ultrapure
- Industrial Applications
- Advantages
- Reduction in Operating Costs
- Energy Savings
- Environmental Advantages
- History of Membrane Separation
- Early Work
- Serious Membrane Separation R&D Begins
- Reverse Osmosis is Invented
3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- Membrane Modules
- Membrane Modules
- Hollow Fiber
- Plate and Frame
- Spiral Wound
- Membrane Adsorbers
- Molecular Sieves
- Principles of Membrane Separation
- Reverse Osmosis
- Microfiltration; Ultrafiltration; and Nanofiltration
- Dialysis
- Flow Patterns Used in Membrane Separation
- Membrane Compositions
- Polymers
- Ceramics
- Metals
- Computer Based Tools
- Computer Based Tools
4 TECHNOLOGY; APPLICATIONS; AND MARKETS IMPACT ANALYSIS
- Market Driving Forces
- Need for Pure/Clean Water
- Environmental Concerns
- Medical Applications
- Economic Advantages
- Regulatory Issues
- Clean Water
- Clean Air and Global Warming
- Major Markets
- Water
- Dairy; Food and Beverage
- Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
- Natural Gas; Oil; and Petrochemicals
- Gas Separation
- Medical Applications
- Emerging Markets
- Fuel Cells; Advanced Batteries; and Other Energy Sources
- Pollution Controls
- Bottled Water
- Medical Devices
- Market Challenges
- Competing Technologies
- Membrane Fouling
- Membrane Robustness
- Cost of R&D
5 IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS AT COMPANIES IN THE KEY MARKETS
- Water; Wastewater Processing and Water Reuse
- CANDESAL International Corporation
- Hydranautics/ Nitto Denko
- Zenon Environmental Inc.
- Gas Separation/ Fuel Cells
- Air Liquide/MEDAL
- Compact Membrane Systems Inc.
- Foster-Miller Inc.
- Praxair Inc.
- REB Research and Consulting
- Hydrocarbon Processing/ Petrochemicals/ Oil & Gas
- Davison Membranes/ W. R. Grace & Co
- Membrane Technology & Research Inc.
- NATCO Group: Cynara Membrane Systems
- Life Sciences/ Biotechnology/ Pharmaceutical
- Alung Technologies Inc.
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation/Baxter International Inc.
- Millipore Corporation
- Research & Development
- Eltron Research Inc.
- eSpin Technologies Inc.
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering
- Kiwa N.V. Water Research
- InnovaTek Inc.
- PTI Advanced Filtration Inc.
- QinetiQ
- TNO Environment; Energy; and Process Innovation
- Multiple Markets
- CeraMem Corporation
- Pall Corporation
- Sulzer Chemtech Membrane Systems
6 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACTING INDUSTRY: PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS WORLDWIDE
- Government Supported Laboratories
- Argonne National Laboratory
- CEA-Grenoble; Technology Research Division
- GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH
- Middle East Desalination Research Center (MEDRC)
- National Research Council Canada
- U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Water Treatment Engineering and Research Group
- University R&D
- Georgia Institute of Technology; School of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University; Department of Chemistry
- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) University and Research Outreach Program
- Northwestern University; Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Pennsylvania State University; Department of Chemical Engineering
- Technion; Israel Institute of Technology; Chemical Engineering Department
- University of California; Riverside; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Glasgow; Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Kentucky; College of Engineering; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nevada; Department of Civil Engineering
- University of Twente; European Membrane Institute Twente
7 CASE STUDIES AND PROJECTS
- Case Studies
- Emergency Response Water Treatment
- Membrane Treatment of Oil Field Produced Water
- Putting an End to Cork-taint
- Projects
- Six Million Gallons Per Day from Lake Erie
- Water for a Remote Saudi Village
- World's Largest MF Plant in Victoria; Australia
8 TECHNICAL INSIGHTS 2003 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS
- Technology Innovation
- Award Description
- Award Recipient
- Technology Leadership
- Award Description
- Award Recipient
9 REFERENCES; CONTACT INFORMATION; PATENTS; AND GLOSSARY
- References and Contact Information
- Useful URLs
- Organizations
- Government Websites
- Contact Information
- Patents and Glossary
- Patents
- Glossary
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