Oil Refining Technologies--New Developments and Growth Opportunities

Table Of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary

1.Highlights and Key Findings

2.Summary of Sections

Scope and Methodology

1.Scope

2.Methodology

3.Units and Terminology

2  INTRODUCTION TO REFINING TECHNOLOGY

What Is a Refinery?

1.Introduction

2.Defining 'Refining' vs Petrochemicals

3.Brief History of Refining Technology

Refiners and Their Operations

1.Introduction

2.From Crude to Products

3.Some Basic Petroleum Chemistry

4.Refinery Products

5.Brief Summary of Modern Refining Operations

6.What the Specific Units Do

The Refining Technology Picture

1.Introduction

2.Barriers to Entry in the field of Refining

3  COMMON MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS: REGULATORY ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGY/MARKET-DRIVEN FORCES

Introduction

1.Introduction

2.Product Demand

Transportation Fuels

1.Gasoline-Specific Issues

2.'Octane' Explained

3.Diesel-Specific Issues

4.European; World Rules

Other Key Issues

1.Petrochemical-Specific Issues

2.Intra-Refinery Issues

3.Cogeneration/Petrochemical Integration

4.Refinery Carbon Dioxide Issues

4  ISOMERIZATION/ALKYLATION AND KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INDUSTRY

New Technologies in Chemical Upgrading

1.Description and Introduction

2.Distinguishing Isomerization and Alkylation

Overview of Trends in Chemical Upgrading

1.Traditional Alkylation

2.Other Issues

3.Technical Drivers and Challenges

Alkylation

1.Background

2.UOP Alkylene Process

3.ABB/Lummus AlkyClean Process

4.UOP InAlk Process

5.Haldor Topsøe: Fixed Bed Alkylation

6.Lurgi Eurofuel Process

7.INEEL's Solid State Alkylation Regeneration

8.University of Southern California: New Superacids

Paraffin Isomerization

1.Background

2.Akzo Nobel/Axens High Activity Catalysts

3.UOP Par-Isom Process

4.CDTech/Lyondell IsomPlus

5.ABB Lummus Butane Isomerization

6.Kellogg/Fortum NexOctane

7.Kvaerner/Lyondell: Isobutylene to Isooctane/Isooctene or ETBE

8.UOP Catalyst Innovation

Xylenes Isomerization

1.Background

2.ExxonMobil: XyMax

3.GTC/IPCL

4.ExxonMobil TransPlus

5.GTC: GT-BTX

6.Krupp-Uhde Morphylex BTX

7.BP Cyclar

8.Is Benzene Purification Needed?

5  NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING AND RELATED UNITS

Introduction

1.Introduction

2.Trends

3.Technical Drivers and Challenges

4.Business News in Reforming and Catalyst Technology

Key Developments in Cat Reforming

1.Axens

2.UOP

3.Zeoforming

6  NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN CATALYTIC CRACKING

Introduction

1.Trends

2. Technical Drivers and Challenges

Key Developments

1.Introduction

2.Stone & Webster/Sinopec: Deep Catalytic Cracking

3.UOP: Millisecond Cat Cracking

4.ABB Lummus Selective Cat Cracking

5.Luoyang/Sinopec: FDFCC Flexible Dual Riser Process

6.ExxonMobil/KBR Orthoflow Improvements

7.Catalyst Improvements

8.Akzo Nobel: JADE and TOPAZ Family Catalysts

9.Engelhard Flex-Tec for Heavy Resid Cracking

10.Haldor Topsøe Aroshift FCC Pre-Treatment

11.DOE/University of Utah: Multiple-Reactor FCC

12.UOP VGO Unionfining

Hydrocracking

1.Introduction

2.UOP Partial-Conversion Unicracking

3.Veba Hydrocracking Process

4.Chevron Lummus LC-Fining

7  CLEANING UP: HYDROTREATING; DESULFURIZATION AND DEMETALLIZATION

New Technologies

1.Description and Introduction

2.Desulfurization

3.Demetallization

Trends

1.Hydrotreating

2.Technical Drivers and Challenges

Key Developments in Hydrotreating

1.Introduction

2.ExxonMobil SCANFining

3.Nebula: Akzo Nobel

4.UOP: Sulfur-X

5.GTC GT-DeSulf Process

6.UOP/PDVSA: ISAL Gasoline Desulfurization

7.BOC-Linde IsoTherming Process

8.Badger/SK HDS Pretreater

9.ExxonMobil OCTGAIN Process

10.Phillips S-Zorb

11.Axens Prime-D Diesel Desulfurization

12.JGC Gas Oil Ultra-Deep Desulfurization

13.Criterion: Centinel Hydroprocessing Family

14.Indian Oil Technologies: INDE Sweet

15.Virginia Tech: New HT Catalyst Ideas

16.UIUC: Sonochemistry Improves HT Catalysis

New Concepts

1.University of Southern California: Nanotech Filtration Concept

2.Penn State: Selective Sulfur Removal

3.UniPure: A Fresh Distillate Desulfurization Idea

4.Biodesulfurization

8  TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN PROCESSING EQUIPMENT: COLUMNS; PACKINGS; TRAYS Introduction

1.New Technologies in Processing Equipment: Introduction

2.Trends

3.Technical Drivers and Challenges

Key Developments

1.Julius Montz GmbH

2.Koch-Glitsch

3.Kansai Chemical Engineering 'Lift Tray'

4.Other Suppliers

Promising Concepts

1.Parastillation and Metastillation

2.Heat Integration/Heat Pumps

9  HEAVY CRUDE/RESID UPGRADING Introduction

1.Overview

2.Technical Drivers and Challenges

The Key 'Heavy' Technologies for Refiners

1.Overview

2.Foster Wheeler/UOP Coil Visbreakers

3.Shell Resid Hydroprocessing

4.Shell Deep Thermal Conversion

5.ExxonMobil: Fluid Coking and Flexicoking

6.Aquaconversion: Pushing Visbreaking Further

7.INTEVEP HDH Process

8.Foster Wheeler Asphalt Coking Technology

9.Foster Wheeler SYDEC Process

10.FW/UOP Solvent Deasphalting

11.UOP RCD Unionfining

12.Various Crude Upgrading Processes

10  OTHER REFINING TECHNOLOGIES: LUBES/DEWAXING; DEASPHALTING Introduction

1. Introduction

2.Solvent Dewaxing

3.Hydroprocessing

Trends

1.Technical Drivers and Challenges

Technologies Considered

1.Introduction

2. SK Corp UCO Process and LubePlus Technology

3.ExxonMobil Propane Dewaxing

4.ExxonMobil: Lube Hydrocracking

5.PetroCanada HT Hydrodewaxing/Hydroisomerization

6.Chevron Lummus Global: Isocracking and Isodewaxing

7.UOP HyLube Process

8.UOP/Foster Wheeler SDA

11  HYDROGEN RECOVERY Introduction

1.Refining and Hydrogen Issues

2.Refinery Hydrogen Balances: Sources and Demand

Principal Technologies For Hydrogen Recovery

1.Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

2.Membrane Separation Technologies

3.Cryogenic Separation

Trends

1.Technical Drivers and Challenges

Technologies Considered

1.Membrane Technology & Research (MTR)

2.QuestAir

3.Air Products & Chemicals

4.CANMET Ceramic Membranes

12  TYING IT ALL TOGETHER: REFINERY INTEGRATION; SIMULATION AND DESIGN AND MORE Introduction

1.Complexity

2.Data Bonanza

New Modeling Technologies

1.Aspentech-UOP RefSys

2.Eudoxus Systems

3.Petrobras/University of Minas Gerais

4.MathPro ARMS

An 'Ideal' 21st Century Refinery?

1.An 'Ideal' 21st Century Refinery?

2.GEFinery

3.Idemitsu Kosan

4.JGC Corp.

5.East European Process

Other New Technology Ideas

1.Other New Technology Ideas

2.SulphCo

3.ExxonMobil

13  MARKETPLACE IMPACT ANALYSIS: GENERAL

Introduction to the Markets and Applications

1.Introduction to the Markets and Applications

2.Energy Consumption

3.Specialization

4.Refining Intensity by Region

Entry Barriers

1.Artificial Trade Barriers

2.Natural Entry Barriers

Summary of Forecasts

1.Regional Consumption Issues

2.IEA' s Refining Investment Estimates

3.Summary of Forecasts

14  SECTIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

Alkylation/Isomerization

1.Market Drivers and Challenges

2.Market Forecast

3.Forecast

Reforming

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

3.Market Forecast

Fluid Catalytic Cracking/Hydrocracking

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

3.Market Forecast

Desulfurization

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

3.Market Forecast

Equipment

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

3.Market Estimates

Heavy Crude Upgrading

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

3.Regional Considerations

Lube Oil Technology

1. Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

Hydrogen Recovery

1.Introduction

2.Market Drivers and Challenges

15  FROST & SULLIVAN 2004 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS

Excellence in Technology

1.Award Description

2.Award Recipient

Technology Leadership

1.Award Description

2.Award Recipient

16  PATENTS AND OTHER DATA

Glossary

1. Glossary

Contact Information

1.Contact Information

Bibliography/References

1.Bibliography/References

Key Patents

1.Alkylation

2.Paraffin Isomerization

3.Xylene Isomerization

4.Reforming

5.FCC and Hydrocracking

6.Hydrodesulfurization

7.Equipment

8.Heavy Crudes and Feeds

9.Lube Oil Processes

10.Hydrogen Recovery