Advances in Carbon Dioxide Injection Technologies

Table of Contents

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Scope and Methodology

• Scope
• Methodology

Key Research Findings

• Overview of EOR Technologies
• Research Highlights

2. GLOBAL WARMING AND INCREASING DEMAND FOR OIL; MAJOR DRIVERS FOR LARGER INTEREST OF CO2

Tendency to Capture and Store CO2; Seen as a Solution for the Decrease of CO2

• Overview of CO2 Capture Techniques
• Combustion Technologies
• Potential of the CCS/Storage
• Potential Impact of CCS on Reduction of CO2 Emissions

Search for More Oil; Overview of the Oil Supply Issues

• Overview of the Recent Developments in the Oil Industry
• Main Factors Affecting the Ability of the Industry to Respond to Demand
• Consequences of the Oil Companies' Strategies

3. POTENTIAL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL RECOVERY

Potential to Recover 100% of Oil

• Potential Recovery Rate
• Technical Barriers
• Economic Barriers
• Institutional and Regulatory Barriers

Overview and Assessment of Different EOR Techniques

• Three Groups of EOR Methods
• Gas Injection Methods
• Chemical Polymer Flooding and Thermal Methods
• Selecting an EOR Method
• Technical Screening Guide

Characteristics and Advantages of CO2 Flooding over Other EOR Methods

• Mechanism Description
• Advantages of CO2 Flooding

4. EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF CO2 INJECTION IN EOR OPERATIONS

Price as One of the Key Drivers for the Economical Feasibility of CO2 in EOR Operations

• Economics of EOR projects
• Economically Recoverable Oil Resources with CO2 Flooding

Major Factors for Successful CO2 Flooding

• Conditions Required for CO2 Flooding
• Possibilities to Improve Sweep Efficiency

5. ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

Assessment of Developments in Companies

• Apparatus to Improve Oil Recovery
• Device for Improving Oil and Gas Recovery
• Time-Lapse Seismic Modeling and Inversion of CO2 Saturation for Sequestration EOR Operations

Analysis of Developments in Universities

• Altering Reservoir Wettability to Improve Production from Single Wells
• Low-Salinity Waterflooding--A New Enhanced Oil Recovery Technique
• Microholes and Seismic Sensors in Support of CO2 EOR
• Greater Potential of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
• Multifunctional Cheap Carbon Filter

6. PATENTS AND DATABASE OF KEY INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS

Patents

• US Patents
• Other Patents

Database of Key Industry Participants

• Corporations
• Research Centers and Government Agencies

7. DECISION SUPPORT DATABASE

Database tables

• Crude Oil Production--World (2002 to 2012)
• Total Electricity Generation--World (2004 to 2014)
• Total Electricity Consumption--World (2002 to 2012)
• Total Electricity Installed Capacity--World (2004 to 2014)