Guide to Pharma Pricing & Reimbursement Systems

Table of Contents

• Austria
• Belgium
• Denmark
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Ireland
• Italy
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Portugal
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom

List of Figures

• Austrian healthcare financing by category in 2002 (?m)
• Austrian pharmaceutical market 2001-2003 (?m at consumer price level)*
• Health spending in Austria
• Increase in pharmaceutical sales of reimbursed drugs Austria
• Pharmaceutical price regulation classification in Austria
• Number of medicinal products according to classification (1 January 2005)
• The registration to reimbursement structure for pharmaceuticals in Austria
• Pharmaceutical hospital sales in Austria
• Austrian OTC sales
• Patient co-payments 2001-2005 (?)
• Growth of generics market in Austria (2000-2005)
• Wholesale pharmacy margins (2005)
• Pharmacy margins for purchasers who receive preferential treatment
• Pharmacy margins for private customers
• Price structure of medicines in Austria in 2003
• Price build-up of pharmaceuticals in Austria - 2005
• Changes to the pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement system in Austria (1995-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Austria
• Healthcare budget in Belgium
• Administrative procedures for pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement
• Reimbursement rates by drug category in Belgium
• Drug pricing and reimbursement timeline
• Healthcare expenditure by drug category
• NCE reimbursement premiums in Belgium (2000)
• Refused registrations in Chapter I
• Summary of patient co-payment criteria in Belgium
• The Maximum A Facturer Cap
• Price breakdown of pharmaceuticals according to consumer price
• Average price build-up of pharmaceuticals
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Belgium (1992-2006)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Belgium
• Danish pharmaceutical market 2002-2004 (?m at consumer price level)*
• Sales pharmaceutical specialties, 2001-2005 (pharmacy purchase prices; DKKm)
• Number of active substances, medicinal products and packs, on the Danish market 2000-2004
• Price development of pharmaceuticals
• Reimbursement, co-payment and turnover of pharmaceuticals sold to individuals divided by reimbursement types in the third quarter of 2004
• Ongoing medicine reimbursement re-assessment procedure
• Sales of medicinal products in the hospital sector 2000-2004 (DKKm)
• Annual patient reimbursement levels for prescription medicines
• Permitted price variation for generic substitution in Denmark
• Pharmacy margins in Denmark - 2002
• Price build-up of pharmaceuticals in Denmark - 2005
• Price build up of pharmaceuticals, EU average vs. Denmark
• Parallel imports in Denmark
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Denmark (1991-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Denmark
• Danish pharmaceutical market 2002-2004 (?m at consumer price level)*
• Sales pharmaceutical specialties, 2001-2005 (pharmacy purchase prices; DKKm)
• Number of active substances, medicinal products and packs, on the Danish market 2000-2004
• Price development of pharmaceuticals
• Reimbursement, co-payment and turnover of pharmaceuticals sold to individuals divided by reimbursement types in the third quarter of 2004
• Ongoing medicine reimbursement re-assessment procedure
• Sales of medicinal products in the hospital sector 2000-2004 (DKKm)
• Annual patient reimbursement levels for prescription medicines
• Permitted price variation for generic substitution in Denmark
• Pharmacy margins in Denmark - 2002
• Price build-up of pharmaceuticals in Denmark - 2005
• Price build up of pharmaceuticals, EU average vs. Denmark
• Parallel imports in Denmark
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Denmark (1991-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Denmark
• Pharmaceutical sales at consumer prices in Finland, 2004
• Breakdown of drug sales in 2003
• Wholesale price index for all medicines, prescription medicines and self-care medicines compared to the consumer price index, 1998-2003
• Wholesale price and special reimbursement status application process
• Medicine reimbursement paid by the SII, 2003
• Most significant diseases entitling the patient to special reimbursement of medicine costs, 2003
• Most significant diseases entitling the patient to special refunds and average cost per recipient, 2004
• Drugs granted special reimbursement status in 2004
• First year of generic substitution in Finland (April 2003-March 2004)
• Pharmacy price bands in Finland - 2003
• State-imposed pharmacy fees in Finland - 2003
• Figure.12 Price build-up of pharmaceuticals in Finland, 2004
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Finland (1990-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Finland
• Pharmaceutical sales at consumer prices in Finland, 2004
• Breakdown of drug sales in 2003
• Wholesale price index for all medicines, prescription medicines and self-care medicines compared to the consumer price index, 1998-2003
• Wholesale price and special reimbursement status application process
• Medicine reimbursement paid by the SII, 2003
• Most significant diseases entitling the patient to special reimbursement of medicine costs, 2003
• Most significant diseases entitling the patient to special refunds and average cost per recipient, 2004
• Drugs granted special reimbursement status in 2004
• First year of generic substitution in Finland (April 2003-March 2004)
• Pharmacy price bands in Finland - 2003
• State-imposed pharmacy fees in Finland - 2003
• Price build-up of pharmaceuticals in Finland, 2004
• hanges to the drug price and reimbursement system in Finland (1990-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Finland
• European average prices in relation to France
• Payback system for companies that have not signed conventions with the CEPS
• Fee exemptions per pharmaco-therapeutic aggregate
• Tax on promotional spend of pharmaceuticals
• Share of generics as a percentage of all medicines sold 1999-2003
• Directory of generics as percentage of the market for reimbursable products
• Wholesaler and pharmacy margins 2005
• Price build-up for an average ?10 non-reimbursable and reimbursable medicinal
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in France (1990-2004)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in France
• Pharmaceutical industry in Germany (2003): figures and facts
• Pharmaceutical sales per capita (2002 in US$ adjusted for purchasing power)
• Expenditures in statutory health insurance system (2003)
• Sales and packages sold through pharmacies (2003)
• Pharmaceutical prices: an international comparison (2003)
• Regulatory measures and attractiveness of German generics market (2001)
• Pharmacy margins in Germany
• Price build-up of lower priced pharmaceuticals in Germany - 2004
• Price build-up of higher priced pharmaceuticals in Germany - 2004
• Price structure of prescription medicines in Germany vs. Europe - 2001
• Parallel Imports in the pharmacy market (at manufacturers prices)
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Germany (1993-2004)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Germany
• Pharmaceutical industry in Germany (2003): figures and facts
• Pharmaceutical sales per capita (2002 in US$ adjusted for purchasing power)
• Expenditures in statutory health insurance system (2003)
• Sales and packages sold through pharmacies (2003)
• Pharmaceutical prices: an international comparison (2003)
• Regulatory measures and attractiveness of German generics market (2001)
• Pharmacy margins in Germany
• Price build-up of lower priced pharmaceuticals in Germany - 2004
• Price build-up of higher priced pharmaceuticals in Germany - 2004
• Price structure of prescription medicines in Germany vs. Europe - 2001
• Parallel Imports in the pharmacy market (at manufacturers prices)
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Germany (1993-2004)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Germany
• Healthcare expenditure as proportion of GDP in Greece
• Healthcare spending in Greece
• Healthcare expenditure in Greece
• Pharmaceutical sales in Greece
• Pharmaceutical spending in Greece
• Generic and innovative sales in Greece at wholesale price
• Price build-up for imports of most EU medicinal products in Greece
• Price structure of some imported EU medicinal products in Greece
• Parallel trade at consumer prices in Greece
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Greece
• Publicly funded, privately funded and total health expenditure (percentage of GDP)
• Ireland compared to the OECD member countries average, 2002
• Public Expenditure on Health in Ireland, 1998-2004
• Growth in state expenditure on medicines in Ireland, 1998-2003
• GMS scheme expenditure in Ireland, 1997-2003
• Payments by the General Medical Services (Payments) Board (?m)
• Long term illness scheme expenditure 1997-2003
• Drug payment scheme expenditure in Ireland, 1997-2003
• High tech drugs scheme expenditure in Ireland, 1997-2003
• Price composition for oral medicinal products in Ireland, 2005
• Price composition for non-oral medicinal products in Ireland, 2005
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Ireland
• SSN pharmaceutical expenditure: comparison between 2003 and 2004
• Pharmaceutical expenditure; first 9 months of 2004
• Territorial pharmaceutical expenditure and consumption volume: comparison between 2002 and 2003
• Retail sales of OTC healthcare by sector: value 2001-2003
• Market of SSN reimbursed products (net expenditure)
• Generics market evolution
• Price build-up for medicinal products in Italy - up to June 2004
• A decade of changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Italy (1994 onwards)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Italy
• Useful contacts
• Pharmaceutical market in the Netherlands (?m consumer price level)
• Top ten drugs by expenditure in The Netherlands, 2003
• Price composition for medicinal products in The Netherlands - 2004
• Price build-up of medicines, Netherlands vs. EU average
• Summary of Pharmaceutical Cost-Containment Measures in The Netherlands
• Who pays for pharmaceuticals in Norway
• Price build up of non-prescription medicines - 2003
• Co-payment conditions and calculations for generic substitution - 2004
• Price build-up for non-prescription medicines in Norway - 2003
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Norway (1990-2002)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Norway
• Pharmaceutical Market in Portugal 2002-2003 - ?m
• Annual prices revision of medicinal products 1995-2002
• Reimbursement criteria in Portugal
• Price build-up for non-prescription medicines in Portugal - 2004
• Patient co-payment system
• Generic market 2000-2004
• Portuguese generic market 2000-2004
• Price structure of prescription medicines in Portugal vs. Europe - 2001
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Portugal (1992-2005)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Portugal
• Weighted average price of pharmaceuticals in main European Union countries 2000 & 2001 (Retail price, inc. VAT)
• Pharmacy margins according to monthly public reimbursed totals
• Price structure of prescription medicines in Spain vs. Europe - 2001
• Price build-up for medicines costing ?89.62 or less - 2005
• Pharmaceutical distribution margins 2005
• New measures introduced in 2005 through the RD 2.402/2004 and the new strategic pharmaceutical policy plan
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Spain
• Sweden, Pharmaceutical market in ?m at pharmacy purchasing price* - 2001 to 2003
• Co-payment and reimbursement levels for prescribed medicines in Sweden
• Pharmacy mark-ups for dispensing in Sweden (SEK)
• Price build-up for medicines in Sweden in 2004
• Changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Sweden (1990-2003)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Sweden
• Pharmaceutical market by type (by manufacturers prices) in Switzerland - 2002
• Pharmaceutical market in Switzerland (by sales of medicines) in 2003
• Healthcare expenditure by categories (as % of total expenditure on healthcare)
• Breakdown of the pharmaceutical market in Switzerland
• Healthcare resources (per 1000 Population) - Switzerland vs. EU (2002)
• Price build-up for medicines in Switzerland, List C and D products - 2004
• Price structure of prescription medicines in Switzerland vs. Europe - 2001
• Pharmaceutical margins in Switzerland
• Sales of non-prescription drugs in Switzerland by distribution channel - 1999
• A decade of changes to the drug price and reimbursement system in Switzerland (1994 onwards)
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in Switzerland
• NHS expenditure on medicines per person in the UK
• Definitions of prescribing costs
• PPA payments to contractors
• Reimbursement of items on an FP10 Prescription Form
• Example of timing of reimbursement by PPA to pharmacists
• The UK drug tariff for generic medicines
• Practice payments to pharmacies dispensing at least 1,100 items per month in the community pharmacy contract for 2005-2006
• Summary of pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in the UK