Fuel Cell Fuel Sources Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2007 to 2013

Table of Contents

1. FUEL CELL FUEL SOURCES MARKET DYNAMICS AND MARKET DESCRIPTION 1-1

• 1.1 Fuel Cell Market Development 1-1
  • 1.1.1 Stationary Power Market 1-2
  • 1.1.2 Automotive Market 1-3
  • 1.1.3 Micropower Applications 1-3
• 1.2 Alternative Fuel Sources for Fuel Cells 1-4
  • 1.2.1 Fuel Cells As A Disruptive Technology 1-4
  • 1.2.2 Hydrogen 1-5
  • 1.2.3 Hydrogen Storage Methods 1-6
  • 1.2.4 Natural Gas Systems 1-10
  • 1.2.5 Gasification Of Coal 1-11
  • 1.2.6 Biomass-To-Liquid 1-11
• 1.3 Fuel Cell Supply Infrastructure 1-12
  • 1.3.1 Hydrogen Applications 1-12
  • 1.3.2 Minor Applications Of Hydrogen 1-14
  • 1.3.3 Infrastructure Spending Is Being Directed Toward Development Of Renewable Energy 1-15
• 1.4 Hydrogen 1-16
  • 1.4.1 Impact Of Hydrogen On Contact Materials 1-16
  • 1.4.2 Methanol Environmentally Sound And Achieves High Performance 1-17
• 1.5 End To End Fuel Source Parameter Analysis 1-18
  • 1.5.1 Well-To-Tank Analysis 1-19
  • 1.5.2 Hydrogen Not An Energy Source But An Energy Carrier 1-21
  • 1.5.3 Hydrogen Transport 1-22
• 1.6 Hydrogen Energy Balance Between Coal and Natural Gas 1-23
  • 1.6.1 Hydrogen Energy Hydro / Electrolysis Energy Efficiency 1-24
  • 1.6.2 Hydrogen Energy Wind Energy Efficiency 1-24
  • 1.6.3 Alternative Liquid Fuels Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Diesel 1-25
• 1.7 Hydrogen Production 1-25
  • 1.7.1 Chemistry Of Hydrogen Production Is Yet To Be Researched Thoroughly 1-25
  • 1.7.2 Hydrogen Production On Industrial Scale 1-26
  • 1.7.3 Coal Transport And Storage 1-33
• 1.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1-33
• 1.9 Direct Hydrogen 1-35
• 1.10 Fuel Cell Technology Holds Key To Providing Renewable Energy Source 1-36
• 1.11 Fuel Cell Issues 1-37
• 1.12 Hydrogen and Safety 1-40
  • 1.12.1 Ford Focus Safety Systems 1-40
  • 1.12.2 Lack Of Refueling Infrastructure 1-40
• 1.13 Hydrogen Fuel Characteristics 1-41
  • 1.13.1 Powering Fuel Cells 1-42
  • 1.13.2 California Takes The Lead 1-43
  • 1.13.3 Hydrogen Gas 1-43
  • 1.13.4 Producing Hydrogen 1-44
  • 1.13.5 Hydrogen Generation For Stationary Power 1-44
  • 1.13.6 Hydrogen Generation For Vehicular Power 1-45
  • 1.13.7 Hydrogen Generation For Portable Power 1-45
  • 1.13.8 Hydrogen Generators For Stationary Fuel Cell Installations 1-45
  • 1.13.9 Fuel Processing 1-46
• 1.14 Fundamental Shift In Transportation Technology 1-46
  • 1.14.1 Fuel Cell Dependence On Hydrogen 1-47
• 1.15 Fuel Cell Description 1-49
• 1.16 Fuel Cell Operation 1-52
  • 1.16.1 Types Of Fuel Cells 1-52
  • 1.16.2 Types of Fuel Cell Technology 1-55
  • 1.16.3 Alkaline Fuel Cells 1-56
  • 1.16.4 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) For Space Missions 1-56
  • 1.16.5 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells 1-57
  • 1.16.6 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) Commercial Fuel Cells 1-58
  • 1.16.7 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 1-59
  • 1.16.8 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) Electrolyte 1-60
  • 1.16.9 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 1-61
  • 1.16.10 PEM Fuel Cell Types for Transportation 1-63
  • 1.16.11 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells 1-64
  • 1.16.12 PEM Fuel Cells 1-67
• 1.17 Battery Description 1-67
• 1.18 Hydrogen Fuel 1-68
  • 1.18.1 Hydrogen Fuel 1-69
• 1.19 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics 1-70
• 1.20 Methanol Fuel Cells 1-71
  • 1.20.1 Better Dispersion Of Energy Resources 1-72
  • 1.20.2 Less Fuel Used 1-72
  • 1.20.3 Stable Energy Pricing 1-73
  • 1.20.4 Toxic Fuel Constituents 1-73
• 1.21 Gasoline Fuel Cells 1-75
• 1.22 Gasoline Vs. Methanol Fuel For Fuel Cells 1-76
• 1.23 Hybrid Vehicle 1-77
• 1.24 Barriers To Alternative Fuel Use 1-78
  • 1.24.1 Average Fuel Economy Credits 1-79
• 1.25 Energy Security Risks 1-80
• 1.26 State Incentives 1-81
• 1.27 Strategic Alliances 1-82
  • 1.27.1 Increased Funding For Research In DMFC Technologies 1-82
  • 1.27.2 Fundamental Shift In Transportation Technology 1-82
• 1.28 Conventional Transportation Energy Devices 1-84
  • 1.28.1 Rechargeable Batteries 1-84
• 1.29 Hydrogen Storage Methods 1-84
• 1.30 Global Trends Driving Fuel Cell Development 1-85
• 1.31 Fuel Cell Transportation Competitive Landscape 1-87
  • 1.31.1 Adoption of Fuel Cells When Users See Advantages 1-87
  • 1.31.2 Hybrid Systems 1-88
  • 1.31.3 Public Awareness Of Fuel Cell Technology 1-88
  • 1.31.4 Growth Of Fuel Cell Component And Fuel Supply Base 1-88

2. FUEL CELL FUEL SOURCES MARKET SHARES, MARKET OPPORTUNITIES, AND MARKET FORECASTS 2-1

• 2.1 Hydrogen Market Development 2-1
  • 2.1.1 Hydrogen as Fuel for Personal Power Systems 2-3
  • 2.1.2 Hydrogen Delivered By Pipeline 2-5
  • 2.1.3 Investment in a Regional Hydrogen Infrastructure 2-6
• 2.2 Fuel Cells Promise To Create A Vast New Industry 2-8
• 2.3 Fuel Cell Issues 2-9
• 2.4 Opportunities Associated With Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology 2-12
• 2.5 Economics of Fuel cost 2-14
  • 2.5.1 Early Mass Market For Hydrogen 2-15
  • 2.5.2 Hydrogen Delivered By Pipeline 2-16
  • 2.5.3 Investment in a Regional Hydrogen Infrastructure 2-17
  • 2.5.4 Hydrogen Infrastructure Cost 2-18
  • 2.5.5 Advantages Of Onsite Hydrogen Production 2-19
  • 2.5.6 Cost For Installing A Hydrogen Refueling Station 2-20
  • 2.5.7 Key Elements Of A Hydrogen Economy Work 2-20
  • 2.5.8 Costs 2-22
  • 2.5.9 Investment for a Regional Hydrogen Infrastructure 2-22
  • 2.5.10 Hydrogen Supply Cost 2-25
• 2.6 Natural Gas and Hydrogen Fuel Delivery 2-25
  • 2.6.1 Natural Gas As A Direct Fuel And A Fuel To Manufacture Hydrogen 2-26
  • 2.6.2 Hydrogen From Water Using Off Peak Electricity 2-27
  • 2.6.3 Solar and Wind Power to Fuel Manufacture of Hydrogen 2-29
  • 2.6.4 Infrastructure for Power to Manufacture Hydrogen 2-30
• 2.7 Potential For Alternative Fuels By 2020 2-39

3. FUEL CELL FUEL SOURCES DESCRIPTION 3-1

• 3.1 Innovative Fuel Cell Applications 3-1
• 3.2 Fuels for Fuel Cells 3-1
• 3.3 Hydrogen 3-2
  • 3.3.1 Hydrogen Fuel Mass-Production 3-3
  • 3.3.2 Hydrogen Security Of Supply And Fuel Diversification 3-3
  • 3.3.3 Hydrogen Distribution And Storage 3-4
  • 3.3.4 Hydrogen Loss Rates Through Boil-Off 3-5
  • 3.3.5 Advantages Of On Site Production Of Hydrogen 3-6
  • 3.3.6 Central Production Of Hydrogen 3-7
  • 3.3.7 Hydrogen Power Train 3-9
  • 3.3.8 Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure 3-10
  • 3.3.9 Hydrogen Sources 3-11
  • 3.3.10 Hydrogen Distributed Generation 3-12
  • 3.3.11 Fuel Cell Refueling Requires Cooperation Between The Vehicle OEMs And The Fuel Provider 3-12
  • 3.3.12 Codes and Standards 3-12
• 3.4 Hydrogen Production And Movement 3-14
  • 3.4.1 Hydrogen Production 3-16
  • 3.4.2 Near-Term Hydrogen Production 3-16
  • 3.4.3 Hydrogen Fuel 3-17
  • 3.4.4 Local manufacture of Hydrogen 3-18
• 3.5 GreenVolt 3-18
  • 3.5.1 GreenVolt HY-Cat product line. 3-18
• 3.6 Shell Hydrogen 3-19
  • 3.6.1 Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles 3-20
  • 3.6.2 Shell Hydrogen Station In Amsterdam 3-21
  • 3.6.3 Shell Hydrogen Stations 3-22
• 3.7 Large-Scale Hydrogen Production for Vehicles 3-22
  • 3.7.1 Fuel Price Neutrality 3-23
  • 3.7.2 Export of Hydrogen 3-24
  • 3.7.3 Fuel Cell Military Applications 3-25
  • 3.7.4 Military Micro-Applications 3-27
  • 3.7.5 Military Vehicular Applications 3-29
  • 3.7.6 Fuel Cells In Large Military Vehicles And In Large Naval Vessels 3-30
• 3.8 Fuel Cell Fuel Sources Logistical Challenges 3-30
  • 3.8.1 Military Use Of Smaller Portable Systems Below 1kW 3-34
• 3.9 Fuel Cell Vehicle Fuelling 3-34
• 3.10 Fuel Cell Efficiency 3-39
• 3.11 Natural Gas Refueling Infrastructure 3-41
  • 3.11.1 Fuel Distribution Variables 3-42
  • 3.11.2 Overall Cost Advantage For Natural Gas Against Gasoline And Against Diesel 3-43
  • 3.11.3 Natural Gas Vehicle Infrastructure Costs 3-44
  • 3.11.4 Natural Gas Vehicle Infrastructure Maintenance Costs 3-45
  • 3.11.5 Natural Gas Alternative Fuels 3-46
  • 3.11.6 Natural Gas Vehicles Have A Co2 Advantage 3-46
  • 3.11.7 Optimized Natural Gas Engine Technology 3-47
  • 3.11.8 Long-Distance Gas Distribution Infrastructure Is Required For Stationary Uses 3-47
  • 3.11.9 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 3-50
  • 3.11.10 Natural Gas Codes And Standards Harmonization 3-50
  • 3.11.11 European Commission Targets For Alternative Fuels 3-51
  • 3.11.12 Investment for a European Hydrogen Infrastructure 3-54
  • 3.11.13 Hydrogen Supply Cost 3-54
  • 3.11.14 Fuel Cell Industry Groups For Codes And Standards 3-55
• 3.12 Dais Analytic Polymer Materials 3-55
• 3.13 DaimlerChrysler Fuel Cell Vehicle "F-Cell" 3-56
  • 3.13.1 DaimlerChrysler F-Cell Global Partnership Program 3-57
• 3.14 Bridgestone Corporation Intelligent Tires 3-58
  • 3.14.1 Fuel Cell Vehicle Intelligent Tires 3-58
• 3.15 MTU CFC Stationary Carbonate Fuel Cell Solutions 3-59
  • 3.15.1 Chrysler Group Development Of Fuel Cell Fuel Systems 3-60
  • 3.15.2 Fuel Sources For Fuel Cell Bus Project 3-61
  • 3.15.3 Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) As A Fuel Cell Fuel Source 3-61
• 3.16 Millennium Cell Hydrogen on Demand 3-61
• 3.17 Natural Gas Broken Down Chemically Into Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen 3-62
• 3.18 DaimlerChrysler Methanol-A Liquid 3-63
• 3.19 Hydrogen Filling Stations 3-63
  • 3.19.1 DaimlerChrysler 3-64
• 3.20 Duracell 3-64
  • 3.20.1 Fuel Cell Vehicles Need Hydrogen Storage to Compete On The Basis Of Range And Cargo Space 3-66
• 3.21 Coleman Powermate 3-66
• 3.22 GreenVolt Power 3-66
  • 3.22.1 GreenVOLT Modular Systems 3-67
  • 3.22.2 IdaTech Development of Prototype Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell System 3-69
  • 3.22.3 IdaTech Natural Gas Fuel Cell System 3-70
• 3.23 Fuel Processing 3-71
• 3.24 IdaTech Fuel Processors 3-71
  • 3.24.1 IdaTech FPM 20・Fuel Processor Module 3-73
  • 3.24.2 IdaTech Multi-Fuel Solutions 3-73
• 3.25 Hydrocarbon Strategy 3-73
  • 3.25.1 Methanol Is Common 3-75
  • 3.25.2 Methanol Efficient and Versatile 3-76
  • 3.25.3 Methanol Fuel Service Solutions 3-77
  • 3.25.4 IdaTech Hydrocarbon Strategy 3-77
• 3.26 Hybrid Solutions 3-78
  • 3.26.1 Strength Of A Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System 3-78
  • 3.26.2 Strength Of A Fuel Cell System 3-79
• 3.27 IdaTech Solar-Fuel Cell Hybrid System 3-79
  • 3.27.1 IdaTech Service Solutions 3-80
• 3.28 Millennium Cell Manufacturing Process Of Sodium Borohydride 3-81
  • 3.28.1 Millennium Cell Hydrogen on Demand・System 3-81
  • 3.28.2 Millennium Cell Hydrogen on Demand Chrysler Town & Country Natrium 3-82
  • 3.28.3 Millennium Cell Hydrogen Solution 3-83
  • 3.28.4 Millennium Cell Partnership With Ballard 3-85
  • 3.28.5 Millennium Cell Uses Boron, A Close Cousin Of Carbon 3-86
  • 3.28.6 Millennium Cell Hydrogen On Demand 3-86
• 3.29 Ford Crown Victoria 3-87
  • 3.29.1 Ford Explorer 3-87
• 3.30 Nuvera Gemini 3-88
• 3.31 Proton Energy Systems 3-89
  • 3.31.1 Proton Energy Systems Strategic Positioning 3-89
  • 3.31.2 Proton Energy Systems / Acquisition of Northern Power Systems 3-90
  • 3.31.3 Northern Power Systems 3-90
  • 3.31.4 Proton Energy Systems Products 3-91
• 3.32 UTC Fuel Cells 3-91
  • 3.32.1 HydrogenSource - UTC Fuel Cells Partnered With Shell Hydrogen 3-92
  • 3.32.2 HydrogenSource Power Systems and Integration 3-92
  • 3.32.3 Hydrogen Not Energy Unless It Is Put Into A Form That Can Be Used 3-93
  • 3.32.4 What Cost Hydrogen Becomes Ideal 3-93
• 3.33 California Infrastructure 3-94
• 3.34 Polar Fuel Additives 3-95

4. FUEL CELL FUEL SOURCES TECHNOLOGY AND COUNTRY INITIATIVES 4-1

• 4.1 Shell Offshore Initiatives 4-1
• 4.2 Fuel Cell Technology 4-3
  • 4.2.1 Fuel Cell Technology Research 4-3
• 4.3 Fuel Cell Technology Holds Key To Providing Renewable Energy Source 4-4
  • 4.3.1 Onboard Reformation vs. Off-Board Hydrogen Production 4-5
  • 4.3.2 Centralized vs. Distributed Generation 4-6
  • 4.3.3 Hydrogen Storage 4-7
  • 4.3.4 Compressed Hydrogen Storage 4-7
  • 4.3.5 Storage vs. Vehicle Efficiency 4-8
  • 4.3.6 Advanced Hydrogen Storage 4-9
• 4.4 Transportation Industry Hydrogen Sources 4-12
  • 4.4.1 Well-To-Wheels Study On Greenhouse Gas Emissions 4-13
  • 4.4.2 Large-Scale Introduction Of Natural Gas As Motor Fuel 4-14
  • 4.4.3 Substitution Of Gasoline Or Diesel With Natural Gas 4-15
  • 4.4.4 Hydrogen Potential Main Energy Carrier 4-16
  • 4.4.5 Linking Hydrogen And Natural Gas Fuel Infrastructures Supports Introduction Of Hydrogen As Fuel 4-16
  • 4.4.6 Large Market Introduction Of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Vehicles 4-17
  • 4.4.7 Hydrogen Production From Biomass 4-17
  • 4.4.8 Ethanol Safety 4-17
  • 4.4.9 Hydrogen Has A Low Flash Point 4-18
• 4.5 Hydrogen Potential 4-18
  • 4.5.1 U.S. Federal Spending 4-20
  • 4.5.2 U.S. DoE Hydrogen Research Funds reduced by 50 Percent 4-20
  • 4.5.3 New Jersey Genesis 4-21
  • 4.5.4 California Infrastructure 4-21
  • 4.5.5 California South Coast Air Quality Management District 4-22
  • 4.5.6 European Commission 4-22
  • 4.5.7 Canadian Government 4-23
  • 4.5.8 Japan Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization 4-23
  • 4.5.9 Satellite Containing An Array Of Mirrors And Focusing Lenses To Gather Sunlight 4-24
  • 4.5.10 Hydrogen Is A Solution Crying Out For Its Own Solution 4-25
  • 4.5.11 Options To Replace The Power Density Of Electricity Produced From Fossil Fuels 4-25
  • 4.5.12 It Does Not Make Much Sense To Use Electricity To Generate Hydrogen To Generate Electricity4-26
  • 4.5.13 Solar Power Satellite 4-27
• 4.6 Hydrogen Production 4-27
  • 4.6.1 Chemistry Of Hydrogen Production Is
  • 4.6.2 Yet To Be Researched Thoroughly 4-28
  • 4.6.2 Hydrogen Production On Industrial Scale 4-29
  • 4.6.3 Coal Transport And Storage 4-35
• 4.7 Hydrogen Flows Through Channels In Flow Field Plates 4-36
  • 4.7.1 Air 4-36
  • 4.7.2 Membrane Electrode Assembly 4-37
  • 4.7.3 Flow Field Plates 4-37
  • 4.7.4 Fuel Cell Module 4-37
  • 4.7.5 Iceland Vast Resources Of Natural Geothermal And Hydro Power 4-37
• 4.8 Boron Hydrides 4-38
• 4.9 Reverse Fuel Cells 4-39
  • 4.9.1 Local Hydrogen Manufacture Is Compelling 4-39

5. FUEL CELL COMPANY PROFILES 5-1

• 5.1 Fuel Cell Companies 5-1
• 5.2 Air Products 5-5
• 5.3 Anuvu 5-6
• 5.4 Ballard 5-6
  • 5.4.1 Ballard Chief Technology Officer Change 5-7
  • 5.4.2 Ballard Power Systems Revenue 5-8
  • 5.4.3 Ballard Revenue 5-9
  • 5.4.4 Ballard Government / Industry Partnerships 5-10
  • 5.4.5 Michelin Challenge Bibendum 5-11
  • 5.4.6 Ballard Nexa 5-12
  • 5.4.7 Ballard AirGen 5-12
  • 5.4.8 Ballard AirGen Fuel Cell Generators 5-13
  • 5.4.9 Ebara Ballard 5-13
  • 5.4.10 Ballard Acquisition Of Coleman Powermate 5-14
  • 5.4.11 Ballard / Coleman Powermate AirGen・Fuel Cell Generator 5-14
  • 5.4.12 Ballard Next Generation Transportation Fuel Cell Engine 5-15
  • 5.4.13 Ballard Strategy 5-15
  • 5.4.14 Ballard Carbon Fiber Products 5-16
  • 5.4.15 Ballard Ecostar・Power Converter 5-18
  • 5.4.16 Ballard Plans For PEM Fuel Cell Products 5-18
  • 5.4.17 Ballard Customers 5-20
  • 5.4.18 DaimlerChrysler and Ford Funding 5-20
  • 5.4.19 Ballard Power Electronics 5-21
  • 5.4.20 Ballard Discontinued Internal Combustion Engine Generator Sets 5-22
  • 5.4.21 Ballard Acquisition Of FirstEnergy Stationary Power Subsidiary 5-23
  • 5.4.22 Ballard Power Systems 5-23
• 5.5 California Fuel Cell Partnership 5-24
• 5.6 DaimlerChrysler 5-25
  • 5.6.1 DaimlerChrysler Balanced Portfolio Of Environmental Initiatives 5-25
  • 5.6.2 DaimlerChrysler Fuel Cell Drive System Planned Investment 5-26
• 5.7 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 5-26
• 5.8 Dynetek 5-27
  • 5.8.1 Lightweight Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Storage Cylinder 5-28
  • 5.8.2 Dynetek Revenue Fourth Quarter and the Year Ended 2003 5-29
  • 5.8.3 Dynetek Industries Strategic Positioning 5-30
• 5.9 Ebara 5-31
  • 5.9.1 Environmental Engineering Group Product Set 5-32
  • 5.9.2 Ebara Corporation Strategic Positioning 5-35
• 5.10 Energy Conversion Devices 5-35
  • 5.10.1 Energy Conversion Devices Synthesis Of New Materials 5-35
  • 5.10.2 Multi-Disciplinary Business, Scientific, Technical And Manufacturing Organization 5-36
  • 5.10.3 Energy Conversion Devices Proprietary technologies 5-37
  • 5.10.4 Energy Conversion Devices Business Strategy 5-38
  • 5.10.5 Energy Conversion Devices Battery And Photovoltaic Products 5-39
  • 5.10.6 Energy Conversion Devices Information Technology Activities 5-39
  • 5.10.7 Energy Conversion Devices Revenue 5-40
• 5.11 Energy Partners Ltd. 5-42
• 5.12 Ford 5-43
• 5.13 FuelCell Energy 5-44
  • 5.13.1 FuelCell Energy Commercial Distribution Alliances 5-44
  • 5.13.2 FuelCell Energy / Versa Power Systems 5-46
  • 5.13.3 FuelCell Energy and Marubeni 5-47
  • 5.13.4 FuelCell Energy / Global Thermoelectric 5-48
• 5.14 Fuel Cell Technologies 5-48
  • 5.14.1 5 kW SOFC Undergoing Tests In Alaska 5-48
  • 5.14.2 Fuel Cell Technologies Revenue 5-49
  • 5.14.3 Fuel Cell Technologies Operations 5-50
• 5.15 GE Energy 5-52
  • 5.15.1 GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell System Benefits 5-52
  • 5.15.2 GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell System Improved Efficiency and Reduced Emissions 5-53
  • 5.15.3 How The GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Systems Work 5-53
  • 5.15.4 GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Processor 5-55
  • 5.15.5 GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Stack 5-55
  • 5.15.6 GE Energy Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Power Conditioner 5-55
• 5.16 General Motors 5-56
  • 5.16.1 General Motors Invested $1 Billion In Developing Fuel Cell Technology 5-57
• 5.17 GreenVolt Power 5-58
• 5.18 HERA Hydrogen Storage Systems Private Company Owned By Shell Hydrogen and Hydro-Quebec CapiTech 5-59
  • 5.18.1 Shell Hydrogen Storage 5-60
  • 5.18.2 Shell Hydrogen Manufacturing 5-61
  • 5.18.3 Shell Hydrogen Marketing and Business Development 5-61
  • 5.18.4 HERA Hydrogen Storage Systems / Ergenics 5-61
• 5.19 Hitachi / Tokai 5-62
• 5.20 Hydrogenics 5-63
  • 5.20.1 Hydrogenics Clean Power Generation 5-63
  • 5.20.2 Hydrogenics Test Division, Greenlight Power Technologies 5-64
  • 5.20.3 Fuel Cell Power Generation Products In Premium Power Markets 5-64
  • 5.20.4 Hydrogenics Strategy 5-65
  • 5.20.5 Hydrogenics Revenue 5-65
• 5.21 Hyundai Motor 5-66
• 5.22 Icelandic New Energy 5-66
  • 5.22.1 Icelandic New Energy Ltd Research 5-67
• 5.23 IdaCorp / IdaTech 5-67
• 5.24 Impco 5-67
• 5.25 Johnson Controls / Optima Batteries 5-69
  • 5.25.1 Johnson Controls Building Automation Systems 5-70
  • 5.25.2 Johnson Controls Acquires Borg Instruments AG 5-71
• 5.26 Marubeni 5-71
• 5.27 Matsushita 5-72
  • 5.27.1 Matsushita Plans To Develop Fuel Cells Into Small Cogeneration Systems For Home Use 5-73
• 5.28 Messer 5-74
• 5.29 Millennium Cell 5-75
  • 5.29.1 Millennium Cell Patents 5-75
  • 5.29.2 Millennium Cell Core Business Strategy 5-78
  • 5.29.3 Millennium Cell Proprietary Rights Agreement With DaimlerChrysler 5-78
  • 5.29.4 Millennium Cell and Borax/ Rio Tinto 5-79
  • 5.29.5 Millennium Cell and Air Products 5-79
  • 5.29.6 Millennium Cell Development Agreement With Aperion Energy Systems 5-80
• 5.30 Mitsui 5-80
• 5.31 NEC 5-81
• 5.32 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. 5-81
• 5.33 Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium (NAVC) 5-82
• 5.34 Nuvera 5-85
  • 5.34.1 Nuvera Fuel Cells Small-Scale, On-Board Fuel Processing 5-87
  • 5.34.2 Nuvera Fuel Cells Agreement With TotalFinaElf 5-88
  • 5.34.3 Nuvera Cross-Platform Product Line 5-89
  • 5.34.4 Nuvera Andromeda 5-90
  • 5.34.5 Nuvera Star 5-90
  • 5.34.6 Nuvera / Renault 5-90
  • 5.34.7 Nuvera Gemini 5-91
  • 5.34.8 Nuvera Strategy 5-92
• 5.35 Northern Power Systems 5-92
• 5.36 Palcan 5-93
  • 5.36.1 Palcan Fuel Cells / Singapores CET Technologies 5-93
• 5.37 Polar 5-94
  • 5.37.1 DurAlt - The Technology 5-95
  • 5.37.2 DurAlt Key Market Drivers 5-97
• 5.38 Proton Energy Systems 5-100
  • 5.38.1 Proton Energy Systems Contracts 5-100
  • 5.38.2 Proton Energy Systems Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) 5-103
  • 5.38.3 Proton Energy Systems Strategic Positioning 5-104
  • 5.38.3 Proton Energy Systems / Acquisition of Northern Power Systems 5-104
  • 5.38.5 Proton Energy Systems Products 5-105
• 5.39 Plug Power 5-106
  • 5.39.1 Plug Power Acquires H Power 5-106
  • 5.39.2 H Power 5-107
• 5.40 PSA Peugeot Citroen 5-108
  • 5.40.1 PSA Peugeot Citroen Vehicles Sold 5-109
• 5.41 PolyFuel 5-110
• 5.42 Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology 5-110
• 5.43 Sanyo 5-110
• 5.44 Shell Oil Company 5-111
  • 5.44.1 Shell Hydrogen LLC 5-112
• 5.45 Siemens Westinghouse 5-112
• 5.45.1 Siemens Power Generation 5-114
• 5.46 Snow Leopard 5-114
• 5.47 Teledyne Technologies / Teledyne Energy Systems 5-114
  • 5.47.1 TESI Advanced Power Group 5-115
  • 5.47.2 TESI Combined With Energy Partners 5-115
  • 5.47.3 Teledyne Energy Systems 5-116
  • 5.47.4 Teledyne MedUSA 5-117
  • 5.47.5 Teledyne Perry NG Fuel Cell 5-119
  • 5.47.6 Teledynes TITAN・Water Electrolysis Products 5-122
  • 5.47.7 Teledyne Medusa・Fuel Cell Test Stations 5-123
• 5.48 Tokyo Gas 5-123
  • 5.48.1 Tokyo Gas Profile 5-124
• 5.49 Toshiba 5-125
• 5.50 TotalFinaElf 5-125
• 5.51 Toyota 5-126
  • 5.51.1 Toyota Motor Sales 5-126
  • 5.51.2 Toyota Revenue 5-126
  • 5.51.3 Toyota Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicles 5-127
  • 5.51.4 Toyota Prius Gas-Electric Hybrid Vehicle 5-128
  • 5.51.5 Toyota FCHV-3 5-128
  • 5.51.6 Toyota FCHV-5 5-130
  • 5.51.7 Toyota Jointly Developed Fuel-Cell Hybrid Bus, the FCHV-BUS1 5-130
  • 5.51.8 Toyota Fuel Cell-Friendly Model Communities 5-131
  • 5.51.9 Toyota, UC Irvine and Horiba Expand the Hydrogen Community 5-131
• 5.52 UTC Fuel Cells 5-132
  • 5.52.1 UTC Fuel Cells / Hyundai 5-134
  • 5.52.2 UTC Fuel Cells for NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter 5-134
  • 5.52.3 HydrogenSource - UTC Fuel Cells Partnered With Shell Hydrogen 5-135
  • 5.52.4 HydrogenSource Power Systems and Integration 5-135
  • 5.52.5 UTC Fuel Cells Distributed Generation And Transportation 5-135
• 5.53 Ultralife Batteries 5-137