Analyzing the Potential of Offshore Wind Energy

Table of Contents

A. Executive Summary

B. Historical Background of the Wind Energy Industry

C. Introduction to Wind Energy

• C.1 Overview
• C.2 Potential Turbine Power
• C.3 Distributing Wind Speed
• C.4 Grid Management
• C.5 Considering Capacity Factor

D. Global Wind Power Scenario

• D.1 Europe
• D.2 North America
• D.3 Asia
• D.4 Latin America
• D.5 Australasia
• D.6 Africa
• D.7 Offshore

E. Present Market Scenario of Wind Power

F. Growth Drivers for Wind Energy

• F.1 Supply Security
• F.2 Environmental Potential
• F.3 Economic Feasibility
• F.4 Employment & Development of Rural Areas
• F.5 Renewable Quotas
• F.6 Technology

G. Introduction to Offshore Wind Energy

• G.1 Historical Background of Offshore Wind Power
• G.2 Basic Offshore Wind Technology
• G.3 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Economics
• G.4 Role of the Oil & Gas Industry in the Implementation of Offshore Wind Energy
• G.5 Offshore Wind Energy: Industry Profile
• G.6 Future of Offshore Wind Power Policy

H. Costs & Benefits of Offshore Wind Installation

I. Overview of Offshore Wind Technology

• I.1 Introduction
• I.2 Principal Components of an Offshore Wind Turbine
• I.3 Wind as a Component of the Energy Mix
• I.4 The Path to Deeper Water
• I.5 Offshore Substructures
• I.6 Foundations in Shallow Water
• I.7 Transitional Technology
• I.8 Floating Technology
• I.9 Offshore Technology Challenges
  • I.9.1 Establishing a Design Base for Offshore Turbines
  • I.9.2 Offshore Design Codes and Processes
  • I.9.3 Reducing the Work Done at Sea
  • I.9.4 Low Cost Anchors and Moorings
  • I.9.5 Offshore Wind-Wave Measurements
    • I.9.5.1 Remote Measurement Systems
    • I.9.5.2 Hybrid Windspeed Database
    • I.9.5.3 Impact of Wind Farm Turbulence and Array
  • I.9.6 Weight Reductions in Offshore Turbines
  • I.9.7 Integrating Electric Grid & Systems
  • I.9.8 Problem with Mega Sized Turbines

J. Comparing Hydroelectric Projects & Offshore Wind

K. Environmental & Regulatory Issues

• K.1 Establishing a Regulatory Framework for Wind Energy
• K.2 Potential Environmental and Socio-Economic Issues

L. Environmental Risk

• L.1 Introduction to Offshore Risks
• L.2 Types of Environmental Risks
• L.3 Impacts on the Environment
  • L.3.1 Impact by Other Industries
  • L.3.2 Impact by the Offshore Wind Farm Industry
• L.4 Impact of Planning Processes Offshore
• L.5 Future Issues
• L.6 Impact of Such Issues
• L.7 Lessons from Other Industries

M. Impact of Offshore Wind Power Facilities on Fish Ecosystems

• M.1 Introduction
• M.2 Abiotic Impacts
  • M.2.1 Destruction of Habitat
  • M.2.2 Increase in Turbidity and Siltation
• M.3 Biotic Impacts
  • M.3.1 Changing Community Structure
  • M.3.2 Emergence of a New Habitat
  • M.3.3 Impact of Noise Pollution
  • M.3.4 Impact of Electromagnetic Fields
  • M.3.5 Introduction of Pollutants in the Habitat

N. Impact on Other Marine Habitats

• N.1 Impact on Marine Mammals
• N.2 Impact on Birds
• N.3 Impact on Benthos
• N.4 Impact on Fish, Sharks & Rays
• N.5 Impact on Landscape/Seascape
• N.6 Mitigation Measures

O. Analyzing the Potential for Floating Offshore Wind Energy

• O.1 Introduction
• O.2 Background Analysis
• O.3 Analyzing the Technology Behind the Support Structure
  • O.3.1 Design Preferences
  • O.3.2 Candidate Vessels for Supporting Floating Platforms
• O.4 Impact of Wave-Induced Motion on the Turbine
• O.5 Conclusion

P. Analyzing International & European Regulatory Framework for Offshore Wind Energy

• P.1 Introduction
• P.2 International Regulatory Framework
  • P.2.1 Delineation of International Seas
  • P.2.2 Economic/Functional Delineation of the Sea
  • P.2.3 Environmental Issues
• P.3 European Legislation (Pertaining to the EU)
  • P.3.1 Economic/Functional Delineation
  • P.3.2 Environmental Issues
  • P.3.3 Promoting Renewable Energy
• P.4 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in Belgium
• P.5 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in Denmark
• P.6 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in Germany
• P.7 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in France
• P.8 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in Ireland
• P.9 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in The Netherlands
• P.10 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in Sweden
• P.11 Analyzing the Regulatory Framework in the United Kingdom

Q. Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Development in the United States

• Q.1 Introduction
• Q.2 Historical Perspective & Origins of Offshore Wind Power in the US
• Q.3 Pursuing Offshore Wind Energy - Opportunities
• Q.4 Offshore Resource in the US
• Q.5 Role of Water Depth in the US
• Q.6 Present Offshore Turbine Technology
• Q.7 Future Deepwater Wind Turbine Technology
• Q.8 Estimated Cost of Energy
• Q.9 Deepwater Economical Analysis of Energy
• Q.10 Deepwater R&D Strategy
• Q.11 Proposed Offshore Wind Developments in the United States
• Q.12 Looking at Cape Wind & Need for a Federal Structure to Regulate Offshore Wind
• Q.13 Congressional Reaction to the Need for Regulation of OCS Renewables
• Q.14 Future of Offshore Wind Energy in the US
• Q.15 Conclusion

R. Analyzing the Potential of Wind Energy on the US Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)

• R.1 Introduction
• R.2 Energy Activities on the OCS - Historical Perspective
  • R.2.1 Development of the US Territorial Claims
  • R.2.2 Federal Laws Governing the OCS
  • R.2.3 Understanding the Oil and Gas Leasing System
  • R.2.4 A Look at the Federalism and the Coastal Zone Management Act
• R.3 Resource Potential
• R.4 Resource Utilization Technologies
• R.5 Wind Developments in the US OCS
• R.6 Technology Requirements for the US
• R.7 Integrating Other OCS Energy Technologies
• R.8 Integrating with Onshore Energy Technologies/Systems
• R.9 Environmental Considerations
  • R.9.1 Construction Phase Issues
  • R.9.2 Operation Phase Issues
  • R.9.3 Decommissioning Phase Issues
  • R.9.4 Siting Challenges
• R.10 Analyzing the Economics
• R.11 Conclusion

S. Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Development in Europe

• S.1 Introduction
• S.2 Analyzing the Concerted Action for the Deployment of Offshore Wind Energy (COD) Project
• S.3 Dealing with Legal & Administrative Issues
  • S.3.1 Regulatory Framework
  • S.3.2 Synchronizing the Regulatory Framework
  • S.3.3 Reforming of Processes
  • S.3.4 Selecting Suitable Areas
• S.4 Dealing with Grid Issues
  • S.4.1 Looking at Central & Western Europe
  • S.4.2 Looking at the British Isles
  • S.4.3 Looking at Scandinavia
  • S.4.4 Requirement of Grid Reinforcement
  • S.4.5 Role of Grid Codes
  • S.4.6 Role of Common Offshore Cables
  • S.4.7 Managing Grid Access, Pricing & Balancing
  • S.4.8 Role of the Trans European Power Exchange
• S.5 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in the United Kingdom
• S.6 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Denmark
• S.7 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Germany
• S.8 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Belgium
• S.9 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Finland
• S.10 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Ireland
• S.11 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in France
• S.12 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in The Netherlands
• S.13 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Spain
• S.14 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Norway
• S.15 Analyzing Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Sweden

T. Case Studies

• T.1 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in California
• T.2 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Delaware
• T.3 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Massachusetts
• T.4 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Michigan
• T.5 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in New Jersey
• T.6 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Texas
• T.7 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Wisconsin
• T.8 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Japan
• T.9 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Hong Kong
• T.10 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in China
• T.11 Analyzing Offshore Wind Power in Australia
• T.12 Analyzing the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm, Denmark
• T.13 Analyzing the Beatrice Windfarm Demonstrator Project, UK
• T.14 Analyzing the Cape Wind, USA
• T.15 Analyzing the Lillgrund, Sweden
• T.16 Analyzing the Alpha Ventus, Germany
• T.17 Analyzing the Kentish Flats, UK

U. Major Turbine Manufacturers

• U.1 BARD Engineering GmbH
• U.2 Clipper Windpower
• U.3 Enercon
• U.4 GE Wind
• U.5 Multibrid
• U.6 Nordex
• U.7 REpower Systems
• U.8 Siemens
• U.9 Vestas

V. Leading Industry Contributors

• V.1 Horizon Wind Energy
• V.2 Cielo Wind Power
• V.3 Shell Renewables
• V.4 Enercon
• V.5 FPL Energy
• V.6 Renewable Energy Systems
• V.7 Gamesa Eolica
• V.8 GE Energy
• V.9 PPM Energy
• V.10 Suzlon Energy
• V.11 RWE npower
• V.12 UPC Wind
• V.13 Vestas Wind Systems A/S

W. Appendix

X. Glossary of Terms