[Report] Sugars and Sweeteners: Trends and Developments in TOC

INTRODUCTION

REASONS FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION
AUDIENCE FOR REPORT
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGIES
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

Summary Table:
U.S. PRODUCTION VALUE FOR SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, 2002 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

HISTORY

Table 1 EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

EARLY CULTIVATION
EARLY MARKETS
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES
CORN DISTILLATION
- Table 2 BRIEF LATER CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR, SWEETENERS AND HIS
MARKET DOMINATION OF SWEETENERS
SUGAR SUBSTITUTES

SUGAR VERSUS SWEETENERS
- SUGAR AND SWEETENER TRENDS
TYPES

Table 3 KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (EXAMINED IN THIS REPORT)

SUGAR (SUCROSE)
SWEETENERS

Table 4 PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL NUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE (BASED UPON 147 LBS PER YEAR CONSUMPTION) (%)

Sugar Alcohols
Corn Sweeteners
High-Intensity Sweeteners
Others

APPLICATIONS
- Table 5 KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENER APPLICATIONS

FLAVOR ENHANCING
TEXTURE
BULK
BLENDING
MOUTH FEEL
HUMECTANCY
PRESERVATIVES
BROWNING
FERMENTATION
COLOR
CALORIC IMPACT

REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Table 6 U.S. REGULATIONS GOVERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (CFR)

FDA TITLE 21

Sugar and Nutritive Sweeteners GRAS from FDA
- Sugar and Nutritive Sweeteners GRAS from FDA (Continued)
GRAS on Interim Basis Pending Additional Study
Recent GRAS Status Approval
High-Intensity Sweeteners GRAS Status
- High-Intensity Sweeteners GRAS Status (Continued)
Interim GRAS Status Pending Additional Study
HIS and Sweeteners Banned
Other Regulations Sugar and Sweeteners
International Statutes Regulating Sugar and Sweeteners

INDUSTRY CONCERNS AND COMPETITIVENESS

BACKGROUND
- HEALTH ISSUES
  - Table 7 HEALTH ISSUES OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Weight Gain
Diabetes
Sugar
Corn Sweeteners
Sugar Alcohols
HIS

BIOETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
- Genetically Manipulated Corn
- Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
- Environmental Impact of Sugar Cultivation

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS
- SUGAR
  - Table 8 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

SWEETENERS
- Table 9 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION
HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS
- Table 10 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

CURRENT STATUS OF SUGAR AND SWEETENER COMPETITIVENESS

ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
- Marketing
- Consumer Health Perceptions
- Sugar Use
- Sweetener Use
  - HIS Impact
MARKET GROWTH FACTORS
- Driving Forces
- Table 11 MARKET SHARE COMPARISON OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS IN THE U.S., 2001-2007 (%)

Impact of Market Growth Factors
Table 12 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (%)
Figure 1 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND FOR SUGARS AND SWEETENERS

SELECTED PATENT TECHNOLOGY

Table 13 SELECTED SWEETENER PATENTS

SELECTED PATENTS ABSTRACTS

Aspartame
Erythritol
Invert Sugar
Sorbitol
Sucralose
Tagatose
Xylitol

SUGAR MARKET

TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
- TYPES
  - Monosaccharides
  - Disaccharides
- METHODS FOR EXTRACTION/REFINING
  - Sugar Cane Refining
  - Sugar Beet Refining
  - Figure 2 SUGAR PROCESSING FROM PLANT TO FOODS
PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS BY TYPE

Table 14 FUNCTIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF SUGAR BY TYPE

WHITE SUGAR

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Color and Browning Qualities
Caloric Impact

BROWN SUGARS AND MOLASSES
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Color and Browning Qualities
- Caloric Impact
INVERT SUGAR
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizer and Bulking Agent
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Color and Browning Qualities
- Caloric Impact

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SUGAR MARKET
- MERGERS
- RESEARCH AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
  - New Developments
    - British Sugar
    - Tate & Lyle
U.S. SUGAR MARKET
- CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS
  - Table 15 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS U.S. SUGAR MARKET

PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
- Table 16 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)
- Table 17 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 18 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
- Table 19 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND U.S. MARKET STATUS

BEVERAGES
BAKED GOODS AND CEREALS
- Baked Goods
- Table 23 COOKIE AND CAKE RAW INGREDIENTS AT RETAIL PRODUCT PRICE, CHANGE FROM 1996-2002 (%)

Ingredient Costs

CANDY/CONFECTIONERY
ICE CREAM AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
CANNED, BOTTLED AND FROZEN FOODS

SUGAR MARKET ASSESSMENT
- GROWTH AND TRENDS
  - Table 24 ICE CREAM: RAW INGREDIENT AND RETAIL PRICE CHANGE, 1996-2002 (%)
  - Figure 4 ICE CREAM: RAW INGREDIENT AND RETAIL PRICE CHANGE, 1996-2002 (%)

Beverages

CONCLUSION
- Conclusion (Continued)

SWEETENER MARKET

Table 25 COMPARISON OF SELECT SWEETENERS TO SUCROSE

HFCS AND CORN SWEETENERS

TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONALITY BY TYPE
- Table 26 ADVANTAGES OF HFCS/DEXTROSE GLUCOSE

HFCS-42, HFCS-55, HFCS-95, Dry Crystalline HFCS
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Color and Browning Qualities
- Caloric Impact
Corn Syrups - Glucose, Dextrose
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Browning Qualities and Color
- Caloric Impact
Maltose - High Maltose Corn Syrup, Maltodextrin
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Browning Qualities and Color
- Caloric Impact

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CORN SWEETENERS
HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER MARKET
- Critical Assumptions
- Table 27 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: CORN SWEETENERS

Production and Consumption
Table 28 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 29 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 30 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 31 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS

Table 32 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 33 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

Beverages
Bakery, Cereal and Related Products
Ice Cream and Dairy Products
Candy and Confectionery

HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER MARKET ASSESSMENT
- Growth and Trends
  - HFCS-90
  - HFCS-55
  - Mergers and Acquisitions
  - HFCS-42 and Corn Sweeteners
  - Price Stability and Market
- Conclusion
- Table 34 SELECTED CORN REFINING COMPANIES AND PRODUCTS

SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKET

Table 35 COMPARISON OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS TO SUCROSE

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS BY TYPE

Maltitol
Table 36 ADVANTAGES OF MALTITOL

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

Mannitol
Table 37 ADVANTAGES OF MANNITOL

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Humectant and Preservative
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

Erythritol
Table 38 ADVANTAGES OF ERYTHRITOL

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Caloric Impact

Xylitol
Table 39 ADVANTAGES OF XYLITOL

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizer, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Caloric Impact

Sorbitol
Table 40 ADVANTAGES OF SORBITOL

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

Isomalt
Table 41 ADVANTAGES OF ISOMALT

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SUGAR ALCOHOLS
SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKETS
- Critical Assumptions
- Table 42 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: SUGAR ALCOHOLS

Production and Consumption
Table 43 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 44 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 45 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 46 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS
- Maltitol
- Table 47 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF MALTITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

Mannitol
Table 48 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF MANNITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Erythritol
Table 49 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ERYTHRITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Xylitol
Table 50 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF XYLITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Sorbitol
Table 51 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SORBITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Isomalt

Table 52 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ISOMALT BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

Summary
Table 53 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 54 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)

Beverages
Bakery, Cereal and Related Products
Candy and Confectionery

SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKET ASSESSMENT
- Growth and Trends
  - Growth and Trends (Continued)
- Conclusion
- Table 55 SELECTED POLYOL MANUFACTURERS

HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET

HIS CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS BY TYPE
- Aspartame
- Table 56 ADVANTAGES OF ASPARTAME

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

Acesulfame-K
Table 57 ADVANTAGES OF ACESULFAME-K

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Browning Qualities and Color

Saccharin
Table 58 ADVANTAGES OF SACCHARIN

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

Sucralose
Table 59 ADVANTAGES OF SUCRALOSE

Flavor Enhancer
Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
Mouth Feel
Humectant and Preservative
Fermentation
Browning Qualities and Color
Caloric Impact

NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND FEATURES
HIS MARKETS
- Critical Assumptions
- Table 60 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: HIS

Production and Consumption
Table 61 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 62 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 63 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 64 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND MARKET STATUS
- Aspartame
- Table 65 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ASPARTAME BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

ACE-K
Table 66 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ACE-K BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Saccharin
Table 67 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SACCHARIN BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Sucralose
Table 68 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SUCRALOSE BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Summary
Table 69 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF HIS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 70 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF HIS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)

Bakery, Cereal and Related Products
Candy and Confectionery
Ice Cream and Dairy Products
Beverages

HIS MARKET ASSESSMENT
- Growth and Trends
  - Neotame
  - Sucralose
  - Ace-K
  - Saccharin
  - Aspartame
  - Market Shares
- Conclusion
  - Conclusion (Continued)

OTHER SWEETENERS

Table 71 ADVANTAGES OF HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP

PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONALITY BY PRODUCT

Honey
- Flavor Enhancer
- Texturizing, Bulking, Blending
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Browning Qualities and Color
- Caloric Impact
Maple Syrup
- Flavor Enhancer
- Mouth Feel
- Humectant and Preservative
- Fermentation
- Browning Qualities and Color
- Caloric Impact

OTHER SWEETENER MARKET: PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
TOTAL U.S. SWEETENER MARKET: PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Conclusion

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

SUGAR AND SWEETENER PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

SUGAR MARKET
- U.S. vs. World Production
- Table 82 ESTIMATED U.S. AND REST OF THE WORLD SUGAR PRODUCTION AND VALUE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE, $ MILLIONS)

Sugar Production by Region
Table 83 WORLD PRODUCTION OF SUGAR BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)

Western Hemisphere

Table 84 WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 5 WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 85 U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 6 U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION ESTIMATES, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 86 TARIFFS AND ABOVE MINIMUM IMPORT LEVELS (THOUSND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 7 TARIFFS AND ABOVE MINIMUM IMPORT LEVELS (THOUSND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)

Eastern Hemisphere

Table 87 EASTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)

Eastern Hemisphere (Continued)

World Consumption of Sugar
Table 88 SELECTED GLOBAL SUGAR CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA BY REGION, 2002
Figure 8 SELECTED COUNTRIES SUGAR PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS (%)

United States Consumption of Sugar

Table 89 WORLD'S SEVEN LARGEST SUGAR IMPORTERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 90 PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION VS. CONSUMPTION, 1991-2002 (%)
Figure 9 U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION TRENDS (%)

United States Consumption of Sugar (Continued)

SWEETENER MARKET
- Table 91 U.S. NUTRITIVE SWEETENER PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2007 (PER POUND PER PERSON)

HFCS 42, 55, 90, Crystalline HFCS, Dextrose, Glucose
Figure 10 U.S. REFINED SUGAR AND HFCS PRODUCTION (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
Table 92 U.S. CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION VALUE, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE, $ MILLIONS)
Table 93 U.S. CORN SWEETENER EXPORTS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Sugar Alcohols
Table 94 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (METRIC TONS)
Table 95 U.S. PRODUCTION ESTIMATES OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS, THROUGH 2007 (METRIC TONS)
Table 96 U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (POUNDS)
High-Intensity Sweeteners
Table 97 U.S. HIS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 98 GLOBAL HIS PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)

CURRENT STATUS

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
- Table 99 PROJECTED PENETRATION OF SWEETENERS IN PROCESSED FOODS AND BEVERAGES, 2002-2007 (%)

Multifunction Beverages
Multi Sweeteners Blends

SWEETENERS ON THE HORIZON
- Stevia or Steviocide
- Alitame
- Other
A FINAL WORD ABOUT PRODUCTION

MARKET SHARES AND COMPANY PROFILES

MANUFACTURING/REFINING
- MARKET SHARES
  - Sugar
  - Table 100 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: SUGAR, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)

Corn Sweeteners
Table 101 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: HFCS/CORN SWEETENERS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
Sugar Alcohols
Table 102 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: SUGAR ALCOHOLS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
HIS
Table 103 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: HIS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)

COMPANY PROFILES

American Crystal Sugar Co.
Archer-Daniels Midland Company
British Sugar Plc
Cargill, Inc.
Cerestar, Inc (Part of Cargill, Inc.)
Corn Products International
Imperial Holly Sugar Company
Nutrinova, Inc. (America)
The Nutrasweet Company
Spherix Incorporated (Part of Arla)
SPI Polyols, Inc.
Tate & Lyle

FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSORS
- COMPANY PROFILES
  - Cadbury Schweppes Plc
  - Conagra
  - Da Vinci Gourmet
  - Dawn Food Products, Inc.
  - General Mills, Inc.
  - H.J. Heinz
  - J.M. Smucker Company
  - Kellogg Company
  - Kraft Foods, Inc.
  - National Beverage Company
  - Nestlé
  - Pepsico
  - Sara Lee Corporation
  - The Coca-Cola Company
  - Unilever
  - William Wrigley Jr. Co.

APPENDIX I

FOOD PYRAMID
- Figure 11 FOOD PYRAMID
- Table 104 SUGAR AND NUTRITIVE SWEETENER COMPOSITION

APPENDIX II

ASSOCIATIONS AND WEB SITES
ENDNOTES

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table: U.S. PRODUCTION VALUE FOR SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 1 EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS
Table 2 BRIEF LATER CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR, SWEETENERS AND HIS
Table 3 KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (EXAMINED IN THIS REPORT)
Table 4 PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL NUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE (BASED UPON 147 LBS PER YEAR CONSUMPTION) (%)
Table 5 KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENER APPLICATIONS
Table 6 U.S. REGULATIONS GOVERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (CFR)
Table 7 HEALTH ISSUES OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS
Table 8 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR BY TYPE AND APPLICATION
Table 9 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION
Table 10 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION
Table 11 MARKET SHARE COMPARISON OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS IN THE U.S., 2001-2007 (%)
Table 12 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS (%)
Table 13 SELECTED SWEETENER PATENTS
Table 14 FUNCTIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF SUGAR BY TYPE
Table 15 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS U.S. SUGAR MARKET
Table 16 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 17 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 18 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 19 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 20 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SUGAR BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 21 PRODUCER VS. CONSUMER PRICE CHANGES, FROM 1990 TO 2002 (%)
Table 22 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATION AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 23 COOKIE AND CAKE RAW INGREDIENTS AT RETAIL PRODUCT PRICE, CHANGE FROM 1996 TO 2002 (%)
Table 24 ICE CREAM: RAW INGREDIENT AND RETAIL PRICE CHANGE, 1996-2002 (%)
Table 25 COMPARISON OF SELECT SWEETENERS TO SUCROSE
Table 26 ADVANTAGES OF HFCS/DEXTROSE GLUCOSE
Table 27 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: CORN SWEETENERS
Table 28 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 29 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 30 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 31 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 32 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 33 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 34 SELECTED CORN REFINING COMPANIES AND PRODUCTS
Table 35 COMPARISON OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS TO SUCROSE
Table 36 ADVANTAGES OF MALTITOL
Table 37 ADVANTAGES OF MANNITOL
Table 38 ADVANTAGES OF ERYTHRITOL
Table 39 ADVANTAGES OF XYLITOL
Table 40 ADVANTAGES OF SORBITOL
Table 41 ADVANTAGES OF ISOMALT
Table 42 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Table 43 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 44 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 45 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 46 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 47 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF MALTITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 48 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF MANNITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 49 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ERYTHRITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 50 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF XYLITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 51 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SORBITOL BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 52 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ISOMALT BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 53 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 54 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 55 SELECTED POLYOL MANUFACTURERS
Table 56 ADVANTAGES OF ASPARTAME
Table 57 ADVANTAGES OF ACESULFAME-K
Table 58 ADVANTAGES OF SACCHARIN
Table 59 ADVANTAGES OF SUCRALOSE
Table 60 CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS: HIS
Table 61 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 62 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 63 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 64 ESTIMATED U.S. HIS CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 65 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ASPARTAME BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 66 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF ACE-K BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 67 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SACCHARIN BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 68 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF SUCRALOSE BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 69 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF HIS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 70 U.S. CONSUMPTION VALUE OF HIS BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS AND AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 71 ADVANTAGES OF HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP
Table 72 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 73 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP PRODUCTION VALUE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 74 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 75 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP CONSUMPTION VALUE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 76 ESTIMATED U.S. SWEETENER PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 77 ESTIMATED U.S. SWEETENER PRODUCTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 78 ESTIMATED U.S. SWEETENER CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 79 ESTIMATED U.S. SWEETENER CONSUMPTION VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 80 U.S. AND REST OF THE WORLD PRODUCTION VALUE ESTIMATES OF SUGAR, SWEETENERS AND HIS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 81 U.S. AND REST OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION VALUE ESTIMATES OF SUGAR, SWEETENERS AND HIS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 82 ESTIMATED U.S. AND REST OF THE WORLD SUGAR PRODUCTION AND VALUE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE, $ MILLIONS)
Table 83 WORLD PRODUCTION OF SUGAR BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 84 WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 85 U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 86 TARIFFS AND ABOVE MINIMUM IMPORT LEVELS (THOUSND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 87 EASTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 88 SELECTED GLOBAL SUGAR CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA BY REGION, 2002
Table 89 WORLD'S SEVEN LARGEST SUGAR IMPORTERS BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 90 PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION VS. CONSUMPTION, 1991-2002 (%)
Table 91 U.S. NUTRITIVE SWEETENER PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2007 (PER POUND PER PERSON)
Table 92 U.S. CORN SWEETENER PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION VALUE, BY TYPE THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE, $ MILLIONS)
Table 93 U.S. CORN SWEETENER EXPORTS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 94 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (METRIC TONS)
Table 95 U.S. PRODUCTION ESTIMATES OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS, THROUGH 2007 (METRIC TONS)
Table 96 U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (POUNDS)
Table 97 U.S. HIS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 98 GLOBAL HIS PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Table 99 PROJECTED PENETRATION OF SWEETENERS IN PROCESSED FOODS AND BEVERAGES, 2002-2007 (%)
Table 100 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: SUGAR, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
Table 101 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: HFCS/CORN SWEETENERS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
Table 102 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: SUGAR ALCOHOLS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
Table 103 MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES: HIS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS, %)
Table 104 SUGAR AND NUTRITIVE SWEETENER COMPOSITION

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure: U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, 2002 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND FOR SUGARS AND SWEETENERS
Figure 2 SUGAR PROCESSING FROM PLANT TO FOODS
Figure 3 PRODUCER PRICES PLUMMET, CONSUMER PRICES RISE, 1990-2002 (%)
Figure 4 ICE CREAM: RAW INGREDIENT AND RETAIL PRICE CHANGE, 1996-2002 (%)
Figure 5 WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUGAR PRODUCTION BY REGION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 6 U.S. SUGAR PRODUCTION ESTIMATES, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 7 TARIFFS AND ABOVE MINIMUM IMPORT LEVELS (THOUSND SHORT TONS RAW VALUE)
Figure 8 SELECTED COUNTRIES SUGAR PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS (%)
Figure 9 U.S. SUGAR CONSUMPTION TRENDS (%)
Figure 10 U.S. REFINED SUGAR AND HFCS PRODUCTION (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
Figure 11 FOOD PYRAMID

Sugars and Sweeteners: Trends and Developments in Food and Beverages

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES