Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
• CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
• SCOPE AND FORMAT
• METHODOLOGY
• INFORMATION SOURCES
• RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
  • REPORTS
  • OTHER PUBLICATIONS
• BCC ONLINE SERVICES
• ABOUT BCC
• ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

• Summary Table:
  GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• Summary Figure:
  GLOBAL SOFC MARKET, 2003 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

• BACKGROUND
  • FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES
  • History
  • History (Continued)
  • Definitions
  • What Is a Fuel Cell?
• Figure 1 SCHEMATIC OF THE BASIC FUEL CELL CORE
  • Fuel Cell Systems
• Figure 2 SCHEMATICS OF A COMPLETE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
  • How Does a Fuel Cell Work?
• Figure 3 SCHEMATIC OF HOW A FUEL CELL WORKS (HYDROGEN/AIR)
  • Comparison of Various Fuel Cell Technologies
• Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
  • SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCs)
  • Definition
• Figure 4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MAJOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED
  • History
  • History (Continued)
  • Benefits of SOFCs
  • Structure of an SOFC System
• Table 2 SUMMARY OF SOFC MATERIALS
• Figure 5 SOFC AND PEM FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS
• Figure 6 INTERCONNECT TUBULAR DESIGN SCHEMATICS
  • Types of SOFCs
• Figure 7 ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPORTED SOFC DESIGNS
  • Tubular Designs
• Figure 8 SCHEMATICS OF TUBULAR SOFC DESIGN
• Figure 9 SCHEMATICS OF HPD SOFC DESIGN
  • Planar Designs
• Figure 10 SCHEMATICS OF A PLANAR SOFC DESIGN
  • Monolithic Designs
• Table 3 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 1/3)
• Table 4 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 2/3)
• Table 5 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 3/3)
• Table 6 SOFC DESIGN COMPARISON: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING
• Table 6 (CONTINUED)
• Table 7 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SOFC COMPONENTS
• Table 7 (CONTINUED)
  • Fuel Options for SOFCs
• Table 8 MAIN U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN BY SOURCE, WITH COST ESTIMATE
• Figure 11 COMPARISON OF COSTS OF ENERGY BY SOURCE (COSTS OF ENERGY $/GJ)
• Figure 11 (CONTINUED)
  • Hybrid SOFCs
• Figure 12 HYBRID SOFC/GAS TURBINE SYSTEM SCHEMATICS
  • Hybrid SOFCs (Continued)
  • Cost of SOFCs
• Table 9 COST COMPARISON FOR MAIN SOFC DESIGNS
• Figure 13 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT OF TOTAL COST)
• Table 10 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT (%) OF TOTAL COST)
• Table 11 SOFC STACK MATERIAL COST ESTIMATE FOR A 5 KW MODULE
  • Additional Challenges for SOFCs
  • MARKET DRIVERS
  • Energy Issues
• Figure 14 U.S. PETROLEUM DEPENDENCE AND TRANSPORTATION, 1970-2020 (MILLIONS OF BARRELS/DAY)
  • Environmental Issues
• Table 12 GAS EMISSIONS FROM NATURAL GAS PLANTS VS FUEL CELLS (MG/KWH-EL)
  • Market Needs
  • Stationary Markets
  • Military Markets
  • Transportation Markets
  • Portable Markets
  • Legislations (U.S.)
• Table 13 FREEDOMCAR PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR 2010
• Table 14 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS
• Table 15 BARRIERS TO FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION
  • Legislations (U.S.) (Continued)
  • Additional Driving Factors
  • INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK
  • Japan
  • Canada
  • Europe
  • Other Countries

WORLDWIDE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

• LEADING SOFC MANUFACTURERS
• Table 16 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
• Figure 15 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
• Figure 16 SOFC DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. AND WORLDWIDE, BY APPLICATION (%)
  • LARGE APPLICATIONS
• Table 17 LIST OF U.S. SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
• Table 17 (CONTINUED)
• Table 18 LIST OF EUROPEAN SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION
• Table 18 (CONTINUED)
• Table 19 LIST OF SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION FOR JAPAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES
• Figure 17 SOFC DEVELOPERS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (%)
  • Large Stationary (>100kw)
  • Small Stationary (<100kw)
  • Transportation (5kw To 10 Kw)
• Figure 18 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS)
  • SMALL OR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS (<1KW)
• Figure 19 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS (<1KW) BY REGION (%)
  • SOFC DEVELOPMENT BY REGION
    • MAIN TECHNOLOGIES MANUFACTURED AND AREAS OF INVOLVEMENT
• Table 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
• Figure 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)
• Table 21 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY TYPE AND BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
• Figure 21 SOFC DEVELOPMERS BY TYPE BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)
  • SOFC CONSUMPTION BY REGION
• Table 22 SOFC CONSUMPTION BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 (NUMBER OF KW TESTED)
• Table 23 COMPARISON OF FUEL CELL CONSUMPTION BY TECHNOLOGY AND BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS (NUMBER OF KW TESTED FROM 1999 TO 2003)
  • COMPANY PROFILES
  • Company Profiles (Continued)
  • Other Companies
  • North America
  • U.S.
  • Acumentrics Corporation
  • Aumentrics Corporation (Continued)
  • Altair Nanotechnologies Inc.
  • Battelle
  • Ceramatec Inc.
  • Cummins Power Generation Americas
  • Delphi Corporation
  • Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
  • GE Power Systems
  • Honeywell
  • Hydrovolt Energy Systems Inc.
  • McDermott Technologies Inc.
  • Nextech Materials
  • Nextech Materials (Continued)
  • Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp.
  • Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp. (Continued)
  • Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp. (Continued)
  • Ztek Corporation
  • Canada
  • Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd.
  • Global Thermoelectric, Inc.
  • Hilton Power Ltd.
  • Europe
  • France
  • Alstom
  • Gas de France
  • Germany
  • FEV Motorentechnik GmbH
  • Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (FZ Juelich)
  • Netherlands
  • InDEC Ltd.
  • Switzerland
  • Sulzer Hexis AG
  • UK
  • Rolls-Royce Plc.
  • Australia
  • Ceramic Fuel Cell Ltd.

INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

• BACKGROUND
  • CURRENT STATUS
• Table 24 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 22 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2003 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 23 GLOBAL SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2000 VS 2003 (%)
• Table 25 FUEL CELL GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 24 FC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 26 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING PER CAPITA, 2002
  • SOFC INDUSTRY FUNDING ACTIVITIES BY REGION
• Table 27 NUMBER OF FUEL CELLS TESTED WORLDWIDE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008
• Table 28 NUMBER OF SOFC TESTED PER REGION, THROUGH 2008
  • UNITED STATES
  • Overview of SOFC Funding Activities
• Table 29 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR FUEL CELLS
  • Overview of SOFC Funding Activities (Continued)
  • Industry Initiatives and Joint Venture
  • Main Implicated Governmental, Federal, State and Regulatory Agencies
  • Other Industry Activities
  • Other Industry Activities (Continued)
  • About Private Funding
  • Most Recent U.S. Funding Activity
  • EUROPE
  • Europe (Continued)
  • Overview of SOFC Funding Activities
  • Industry Initiatives and Joint Ventures
  • Main Implicated Governmental, Federal, State And Regulatory Agencies
  • Other Industry Activities
  • JAPAN
  • Overview of SOFC Funding Activities
  • Industry Initiatives and Joint Ventures
  • Main Federal, State and Regulatory Agencies
  • Other Industry Activities
  • OTHER
  • Other (Continued)
  • INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS
    • INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED)
  • ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
    • ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS (CONTINUED)
• Table 30 U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF FUEL, THROUGH 2025 (1015 BTU)
• Table 31 ENERGY SOURCES, TRADITIONAL U.S. UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
• Table 32 ENERGY SOURCES, U.S. NON-UTILITIES, 2001 (%)
• Table 33 AVERAGE PRICES FOR ELECTRICITY IN U.S. BY SECTOR, 1970-2008 (CENTS PER KILOWATT-HOUR)
• Table 34 EXPECTED AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY USAGE BY TYPE IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2025
  • ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS (CONTINUED)

MARKET APPLICATIONS FOR SOFC

• MARKET APPLICATIONS FOR SOFC
• Table 35 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, 2000-2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 36 GLOBAL SOFC COMPANY MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2000, 2002 AND 2003 (%)
  • STATIONARY APPLICATIONS
• Figure 26 ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY END USE SECTOR, 1988-2008 (QUADRILLION BTU)
  • FIXED POWER
  • DISTRIBUTED ENERGY (DE) OR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG)
  • Distributed Energy (DE) or Distributed Generation (DG) (Continued)
  • Distributed Energy (DE) or Distributed Generation (DG) (Continued)
  • Distributed Energy (DE) or Distributed Generation (DG) (Continued)
  • RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS
  • Residential Applications (Continued)
  • Residential Applications (Continued)
  • SOFC CHALLENGES FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS
  • Performance Requirements
  • Technical Challenges
  • Technical Challenges (Continued)
  • Cost
  • Standardization
  • TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
• Table 37 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS IN TRANSPORTATION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)
  • TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)
  • TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)
  • OTHER APPLICATIONS
    • PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
    • FEDERAL APPLICATIONS (MILITARY)
• Table 38 SOFC NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR LARGE SCALE FEDERAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL PATENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS

• PATENTS BY REGION
• Figure 27 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
• Table 39 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY WITH, 1996-JUNE 2003
• Figure 28 PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 1996 AND 2002
  • PATENTS BY TOPIC
• Figure 29 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY EMPHASIS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
• Figure 30 APPLICATIONS-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
  • PATENTS BY TOPIC (CONTINUED)
• Figure 31 TOPIC-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
  • PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE
• Figure 32 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
• Figure 33 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996
• Figure 34 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 2002
  • PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE (CONTINUED)
  • PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE (CONTINUED)
• Table 40 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED 3 OR MORE SOFC- RELATED PATENTS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
  • MAIN TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS
    • DESIGN-RELATED
• Figure 35 DESIGN-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003
  • Design-Related (Continued)
• Table 41 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 1/3)
• Table 42 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 2/3)
• Table 42 (CONTINUED)
• Table 43 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 3/3)
• Table 43 (CONTINUED)
  • MATERIALS-RELATED
• Table 44 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH RATES IN PATENT ISSUANCES FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-JUNE 2003
• Figure 36 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-2002
• Figure 37 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996 AND 2001 (%)
• Table 45 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003
• Figure 38 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003
• Table 46 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003
  • Materials-Related (Continued)
• Figure 39 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-2002
  • SELECTED PATENT REVIEW
    • SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
    • SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
    • SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
    • SELECTED PATENT REVIEW (CONTINUED)
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
    • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (CONTINUE)

THE SOFC MATERIALS MARKET

• THE SOFC MATERIALS MARKET
• Table 47 TYPICAL SOFC MATERIALS
• Table 48 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL POWDERS
• Table 48 (CONTINUED)
  • SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS
    • DESCRIPTION
• Table 49 CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFC ELECTROLYTE POWDER MATERIALS*
  • Description (Continued)
  • ZIRCONIA
  • CERIA
  • LANTHANUM GALLATE
  • EMERGING MATERIALS
  • SOFC ELECTRODE MATERIALS
    • DESCRIPTION
    • ANODE (FUEL ELECTRODE)
    • Anode (Fuel Electrode) (Continued)
• Table 50 SOFC ANODE POWDER MATERIALS
  • CATHODE (AIR ELECTRODE)
• Table 51 SOFC CATHODE POWDER MATERIALS
  • OTHER SOFC MATERIALS
    • INTERCONNECT
    • Interconnect (Continued)
    • Interconnect (Continued)
    • SEALS
    • Seals (Continued)
    • ELECTROCATALYST MATERIALS FOR SOFC
    • Sensors
    • OTHER MATERIALS
  • SOFC MATERIALS MARKET REVIEW
• Table 52 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (METRIC TONS)
• Table 53 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 54 HISTORIC PRICES OF SOFC-RELATED MATERIALS: MINERALS AND BASIC ELEMENTS, 2000-2002 AND ESTIMATED PRICES FOR 2003 ($ PER METRIC TON)
  • MAIN MANUFACTURERS OF SOFC MATERIALS
• Table 55 LIST OF SOFC MATERIALS PRODUCERS
• Table 55 (CONTINUED)
• Table 55 (CONTINUED)
  • ZIRCONIA
  • RARE EARTH
  • MIXED OXIDES
  • OTHER MATERIALS
  • SOFC U.S. MATERIALS PRODUCERS PROFILE
    • ALTAIR NANOMATERIALS INC.
    • AMERICAN ELEMENTS
    • CERAMATEC, INC.
    • FUEL CELL MATERIALS
    • H.C. STARCK
    • INTERTEC ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC.
    • JOHNSON MATTHEY
    • MARKETECH INTERNATIONAL INC.
    • NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD.
    • PRAXAIR SPECIALTY CERAMICS INC.
    • SAINT GOBAIN CERAMICS MATERIALS INC.
    • STANFORD MATERIALS
    • ZIRCOA INC.
    • ZIRCONIA SALES (AMERICA) INC.
    • Z-TECH CORPORATION

APPENDIX

• SOURCES OF INFORMATION
  • NEWSLETTERS
  • BOOKS
  • PERIODICALS
  • INTERNET WEB SITES
  • OTHER
• LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS*
  • LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS (CONTINUED)
  • LIST OF MAIN SOFC MANUFACTURERS (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY

Table 2 SUMMARY OF SOFC MATERIALS

Table 3 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 1/3)

Table 4 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 2/3)

Table 5 TYPES OF SOFC (PART 3/3)

Table 6 SOFC DESIGN COMPARISON: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING

Table 7 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SOFC COMPONENTS

Table 8 MAIN U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN BY SOURCE, WITH COST ESTIMATE

Table 9 COST COMPARISON FOR MAIN SOFC DESIGNS

Table 10 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT (%) OF TOTAL COST)

Table 11 SOFC STACK MATERIAL COST ESTIMATE FOR A 5 KW MODULE

Table 12 GAS EMISSIONS FROM NATURAL GAS PLANTS VS FUEL CELLS (MG/KWH-EL)

Table 13 FREEDOMCAR PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR 2010

Table 14 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS

Table 15 BARRIERS TO FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION

Table 16 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)

Table 17 LIST OF U.S. SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION

Table 18 LIST OF EUROPEAN SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION

Table 19 LIST OF SOFC DEVELOPERS BY APPLICATION FOR JAPAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES

Table 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)

Table 21 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY TYPE AND BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)

Table 22 SOFC CONSUMPTION BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 (NUMBER OF KW TESTED)

Table 23 COMPARISON OF FUEL CELL CONSUMPTION BY TECHNOLOGY AND BY REGION FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS (NUMBER OF KW TESTED FROM 1999 TO 2003)

Table 24 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 25 FUEL CELL GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 26 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING PER CAPITA, 2002

Table 27 NUMBER OF FUEL CELLS TESTED WORLDWIDE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008

Table 28 NUMBER OF SOFC TESTED PER REGION, THROUGH 2008

Table 29 SECA PERFORMANCE AND COST GOALS FOR FUEL CELLS

Table 30 U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF FUEL, THROUGH 2025 (1015 BTU)

Table 31 ENERGY SOURCES, TRADITIONAL U.S. UTILITIES, 2001 (%)

Table 32 ENERGY SOURCES, U.S. NON-UTILITIES, 2001 (%)

Table 33 AVERAGE PRICES FOR ELECTRICITY IN U.S. BY SECTOR, 1970-2008 (CENTS PER KILOWATT-HOUR)

Table 34 EXPECTED AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY USAGE BY TYPE IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2025

Table 35 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 36 GLOBAL SOFC COMPANY MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2000, 2002 AND 2003 (%)

Table 37 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS IN TRANSPORTATION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 38 SOFC NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR LARGE SCALE FEDERAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 39 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY WITH, 1996-JUNE 2003

Table 40 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS AWARDED 3 OR MORE SOFC- RELATED PATENTS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Table 41 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 1/3)

Table 42 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 2/3)

Table 43 RECENT SOFC U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JANUARY 2003 TO JUNE 2003 (PART 3/3)

Table 44 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH RATES IN PATENT ISSUANCES FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-JUNE 2003

Table 45 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003

Table 46 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003

Table 47 TYPICAL SOFC MATERIALS

Table 48 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL POWDERS

Table 49 CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFC ELECTROLYTE POWDER MATERIALS*

Table 50 SOFC ANODE POWDER MATERIALS

Table 51 SOFC CATHODE POWDER MATERIALS

Table 52 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 (METRIC TONS)

Table 53 THE U.S SOFC MATERIALS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 54 HISTORIC PRICES OF SOFC-RELATED MATERIALS: MINERALS AND BASIC ELEMENTS, 2000-2002 AND ESTIMATED PRICES FOR 2003 ($ PER METRIC TON)

Table 55 LIST OF SOFC MATERIALS PRODUCERS  

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
GLOBAL SOFC MARKET, 2002 AND 2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 SCHEMATIC OF THE BASIC FUEL CELL CORE

Figure 2 SCHEMATICS OF A COMPLETE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Figure 3 SCHEMATIC OF HOW A FUEL CELL WORKS (HYDROGEN/AIR)

Figure 4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND MAJOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED

Figure 5 SOFC AND PEM FUEL PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Figure 6 INTERCONNECT TUBULAR DESIGN SCHEMATICS

Figure 7 ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPORTED SOFC DESIGNS

Figure 8 SCHEMATICS OF TUBULAR SOFC DESIGN

Figure 9 SCHEMATICS OF HPD SOFC DESIGN

Figure 10 SCHEMATICS OF A PLANAR SOFC DESIGN

Figure 11 COMPARISON OF COSTS OF ENERGY BY SOURCE (COSTS OF ENERGY $/GJ)

Figure 12 HYBRID SOFC/GAS TURBINE SYSTEM SCHEMATICS

Figure 13 SOFC SYSTEM COST ESTIMATE-PLANAR DESIGN (PERCENT OF TOTAL COST)

Figure 14 U.S. PETROLEUM DEPENDENCE AND TRANSPORTATION, 1970-2020 (MILLIONS OF BARRELS/DAY)

Figure 15 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY APPLICATION AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)

Figure 16 SOFC DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. AND WORLDWIDE, BY APPLICATION (%)

Figure 17 SOFC DEVELOPERS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (%)

Figure 18 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY REGION (PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS)

Figure 19 SOFC DEVELOPMENT FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS (<1KW) BY REGION (%)

Figure 20 SOFC DEVELOPERS, BY DESIGN AND BY REGION, 2002 (%)

Figure 21 SOFC DEVELOPMERS BY TYPE BY REGION, 2002 (PERCENT BASED UPON THE NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS FOR EACH TYPE)

Figure 22 SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2003 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 23 GLOBAL SOFC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION, 2000 VS 2003 (%)

Figure 24 FC GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING INITIATIVES BY REGION AND APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, 2000-2008 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 26 ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY END USE SECTOR, 1988-2008 (QUADRILLION BTU)

Figure 27 U.S. PATENT TRENDS BY COUNTRY, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 28 PERCENT OF U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 1996 AND 2002

Figure 29 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY EMPHASIS, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 30 APPLICATIONS-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 31 TOPIC-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 32 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 33 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 1996

Figure 34 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 2002

Figure 35 DESIGN-RELATED U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN, 1996 TO JUNE 2003

Figure 36 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996-2002

Figure 37 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN FOR SOFC MATERIALS BY TYPE, 1996 AND 2001 (%)

Figure 38 U.S. PATENT BREAKDOWN BY SOFC ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS, 1996-JUNE 2003

Figure 39 U.S. PATENT GROWTH TRENDS (LINEAR EXTRAPOLATION) FOR SOFC ELECTRODE AND INTERCONNECT MATERIALS, 1996-2002