Nanotechnology in Environmental Applications

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
  • REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY
  • INFORMATION SOURCES
  • RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED BCC REPORTS
  • DISCLAIMER
  • BCC ONLINE SERVICES
• SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)
• OVERVIEW
  • ENVIRONMENTS IN QUESTION: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS
    • Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)
• LEVELS OF DEMAND FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
  • EXCLUSIONS
  • FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND
    • Factors Driving Demand (Continued)
  • Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)
  • Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)
    • Factors Driving Demand (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • BACKGROUND DATA
    • ANATOMY OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
    • CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
  • Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)
• REVIEW OF NATURAL CYCLES, SELF-CLEANSING PROCESSES, THROUGHPUT RATES, AND VOLUMES
  • Oxygen Cycle
  • Carbon Cycle
  • Nitrogen Cycle
  • Sulfur Cycle
• ATMOSPHERIC CLEANSING PROCESSES
• ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION
• PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTION (POPS)
  • Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)
• VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
  • Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
• HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS)
  • Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
  • Table 8 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
• HEAVY METALS
  • Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS
• TAR BALLS
• GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001
• CONTEMPORARY AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
• AIR EMISSIONS/OFF-GAS REMEDIATION
• NANOMATERIALS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
• AMBIENT AIR PURIFICATION
  • Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Nanofibers
      • Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers
      • Polymeric Nanofibers
      • Spider Silk Nanofibers
      • "Nanospider" Nanofiber Polymers
      • Nanotube Fibers
      • Nanocrystalline Polymer Nanofibers
      • Ultrafine Fibers with Internal Nanometric Pores
      • Electrospun Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics
      • Meltblown Nanofibers
      • Islands-In-The-Sea Nanofibers
      • Segmented Pie-Structured Nanofibers
      • Coated Nanofiber Webs
  • Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 14 (CONTINUED)
    • Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanoparticle-Enhanced Nanoporous Membranes
    • Carbonaceous Adsorptive Nanoporous Membrane
    • Reactive Nanoporous Membrane
    • Zeolite Nanoporous Membranes
    • Self-Assembled Monolayers On Mesoporous Supports (Samms)
    • Aerogel Nanoporous Membranes
    • Aerogel Nanoporous ... (Continued)
    • Ceramic Nanoporous Membranes
  • Hybrid Nanoporous Membranes
    • Asymmetric C60 Nanoporous Membranes
    • Diatomic Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanotube Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanotubule Nanoporous Membranes
    • Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoporous Membranes
    • Carbide-Derived Carbon Nanoporous Membranes (Cdcs)
    • Adsorbent Filled Membranes
    • Gold Nanoclusters In Carbon Molecular Sieves
    • Nanocrystal Zeolites For Nitrogen Dioxide Decomposition
  • Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 15 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Potential Nanotechnology-Based Stratospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies
    • Potential Ozone Layer Remediation
      • Potential Ozone Hole Repair
      • Molecular Tailoring for Ozone Layer Remediation
    • Potential Nanotechnology-Based Tropospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies
    • Self-Cleaning Cements for Urban Air Remediation
    • Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from the Open Atmosphere
      • Nanoporous Calcium Oxide
      • Sodium Hydroxide Nanoparticles
      • Molecular Sieves
      • Molecular Baskets
      • Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)
      • Nanoparticle Enhanced Polymer Membranes
      • Nanotube Arrayed Membranes
      • Treated Serpentine Minerals
      • Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) Enzyme
      • Ionic Liquids
      • Open Atmosphere Wind-Scrubbers
  • Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION
    • Plasma Pyrolysis
    • Micro-Bubble Cavitation for Plasma Pyrolysis
    • Ocean-Based Nanotechnologies For Atmospheric Remediation
  • Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Indoor Air and Dust Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
    • Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR
      • Nanometric Surfaces for Air Purification
      • Nanoscale Hygienic Surfaces
      • Nanoceramic Panels
      • Nanophotonics
      • Enhanced Air Conditioning
      • Antibacterial And Antibiotic Nanocolloids
      • Inorganic Nanotube Arrays for Indoor Air Quality
  • Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Hypothetical Nanocatalytic Paints
• NANOFILTRATION OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS
  • Nanobacteria Dispersal in Clouds
  • Airborne Pathogen Filtration
  • Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes for the Eradication of Airborne Bacteria
  • Reactive Nanoparticle Materials
    • Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)
    • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
    • Table 25 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • DELETERIOUS PATTERNS IN POTABLE WATER RESERVOIRS
  • BACKGROUND DATA
    • COMPOSITION OF FRESH WATER AND OCEAN WATER
  • Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)
  • Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS
    • Hydrologic Cycle
    • Groundwater
    • Aquifers
  • Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002
  • Table 30 (CONTINUED)
• WATER CONTAMINANTS
  • Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER
  • Table 31 (CONTINUED)
• GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER FILTRATION-INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, AND PERSONAL
  • NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES
  • REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
  • NANOFILTRATION
  • ULTRAFILTRATION
  • MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES
    • Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION
• NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE ANTI-BIOFOULING MEASURES
  • CROSS FLOW TURBULENT CLEANING
  • VIBRATORY MEMBRANE FOR ANTI-FOULING
  • SELF-ASSEMBLED HYBRID REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE
    • Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
    • Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
• NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • NANOFIBERS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Zeolite and Titania Nanofibers
    • Nano Alumina Fiber Filter
    • Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Spaghetti Filter)
    • Self-Cleaning "Smart" Fabric
    • The Lifestraw
  • NANOPARTICLES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Catalytic Structures Synthesized By DNA Self-Assembly
    • Oxidic Nanotubes
    • Nanocrystalline Magnesia
    • Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays
    • Molybdenum Disulfide Hollow Nanospheres And Nanocrystals
    • Metal-Organic Frameworks (Mofs)
    • Polyoxometalates (POMS)
    • Nanoscale Dendritic Chelating Agents
    • Nanomagnetic Fluids
    • Core Shell Nanoparticles
    • Caged Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles (Sens)
    • Cationic Liposome-Microtubule Complexes
    • Destruction of Pesticides and Munitions Toxins with Iron-Taml Activators
  • NANOMEMBRANE/SIEVE-LIKE STRUCTURES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • GLAD (Glancing Angle Deposition) for Sculpted Thin-Film Fabrication
    • Polyfunctional Ligands
    • Robust Polymeric Nanoporous Materials
    • "Industrial Kidneys" for Heavy Metal Recovery from Wastewater
    • Rotaxane Activated Nano Valve
    • Nanotube-Based Fluid Filters
    • Alumoxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes
    • Ferroxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes
    • Nanoporous Solids Via Nanoparticle Templating
    • Nanosponges
    • Membrane-Embedded Nanometric Metals
  • PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Photoenzymes
    • "Sense and Shoot" Photo-Catalytic Degradation
    • Fountain Photocatalytic Reactor
    • Ferritin Proteins for Photochemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Cr(Vi)
    • Nanoscale Tio2 Photocatalyts
    • Titanium Oxynitride Photocatalysts
    • Zinc Oxide Photodegradation
• SEAWATER DESALINATION
  • HIGH VOLUME SEAWATER DESALINATION
  • HYDROGEL-BRIDGED NANOFLUIDIC POLYCARBONATE MEMBRANES
  • AEROGEL CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION
  • MAGNETOFERRITIN FOR DESALINATION
  • NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE-SELECTIVE MEMBRANES
  • FORWARD OSMOSIS FILTER
  • ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODE CAPACITATOR
    • Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • OIL SPILL REMEDIATION
  • ORGANICALLY MODIFIED CLAYS
  • ROBUST SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS (SAMS)
  • PHOTOSENSITIZED COLLOIDAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE
• RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RECOVERY
  • URANIUM CONCENTRATION FROM SEAWATER VIA NANOFILTRATION
  • URANIUM DEGRADATION WITH BACTERIA
  • NANOCOMPOSITE PILLARED CLAY CATALYSTS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE APPLICATIONS
• MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS
  • MULTIPLE-USE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS OF CONTAMINANTS
  • CYCLODEXTRIN NANOPOROUS POLYMERS
  • SMART NANOPARTICLES
• PRECISION CHEMISTRY FOR CONTAMINANT ERADICATION
  • POTENTIAL FOR COMPLETE DEGRADATION OF CONTAMINANTS
  • VAULT NANOCAPSULES FOR CONTAMINANT ENCAPSULATION AND DEGRADATION
    • Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
    • Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION
    • Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)
• BACKGROUND DATA
  • ANATOMY AND COMPOSITION OF HEALTHY SOILS
    • Biological Soil Crust
    • Topsoil
    • Vadose Zone
    • Hardpan
    • Water Table
  • FORMAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION
  • GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION
    • Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
    • Table 40 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 40 (CONTINUED)
• CONTEMPORARY SOIL/ GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
  • IN SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
  • IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL REMEDIATION
  • IN SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION
  • EX SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
  • EX SITU PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)
  • EX SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)
• NANOPARTICLES FOR SOIL REMEDIATION
  • NANOSCALE IRON COLLOIDS
  • IRON-PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • FERROGELS
  • BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES
  • NANOCLAYS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION
  • METAL OXIDE DESTRUCTIVE ADSORBANTS
  • ASSEMBLY OF REMEDIAL METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH PROTEINS
  • POLYMERIC/ INORGANIC HYBRID SORBENT FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL
  • AMPHIPHILIC POLYURETHANE NANONETWORK POLYMER PARTICLES
  • POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES
  • NANOPARTICLE FARMING
  • GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
    • Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA
  • GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES
    • Geopolymers For Encapsulation/...(Continued)
• NANO-ORGANICS IN SOIL REMEDIATION
  • BACTERIA IN SOIL REMEDIATION
    • Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • GENETICALLY ENGINEERED NANOSCALE BIOPOLYMERS
  • GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER BIOREMEDIATION
    • Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • HYPOTHETICAL TRI-PURPOSE REMEDIATION
    • Hypothetical Tri-Purpose Remediation (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED SUBSTITUTES FOR MATERIALS, MECHANISMS, AND PROCESSES
  • TRANSPORTATION
    • Nanomaterial Rubber Replacements
    • Nanoclay Tire Sealants
    • Nanoscale Catalytic Converters
    • Nanomaterials Enhance Fuel Efficiency
    • Nanocomposites
    • Nanometric Self-Cleaning Coatings
    • Nanosensors
    • Nanoparticle Solid Lubricants
      • Cleaner Fuels Using Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2) Nanoclusters
      • CO2 Solvents
  • PESTICIDE REPLACEMENTS
    • Pesticide Nanoencapsulation
    • Nano Green
    • Nanocages for Pesticides
    • Biocidal Silver for Crop Protection
    • Silver Biocidal Coatings for Meat Processing
    • Livestock and Aquaculture
    • Fishpond Cleaning with Nanoparticles
    • DNA Nanocapsule Vaccination
  • MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
    • "Ecosphere" Nanoparticle Cardboard Adhesive
    • Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
    • Nano-Engineered Barrier Plastics
    • Enhanced Insulating Materials
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED RECYCLING
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED RECYCLING (CONTINUED)
    • Plastic Substitutes and Recycling
    • On-Site/At-Source (Os/As) -Nanotechnology-Enhanced Recycling
    • On-Site/At-Source Manufacturing Sector Recovery And Recycling
    • Continuous Water Recycling Loops
    • Continuous Water Recycling Loops (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION
  • Biological Systems-Molecular Level Energy Harvesting/ Generation
  • Glucose-Powered Catalytic Biofuel Cell
  • Enzymatically Active Thin Films
  • Photoelectrocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFE)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION
  • Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  • Spray-on Solar Cells
  • Full-Spectrum Solar Cells
  • Artificial Photosynthesis
  • Artificial Solar Leaves
  • Photosystem I Protein Complex
  • Organic Photovoltaics
  • Tandem Solar Cells
  • Photovoltaic Paint
• NANOTECHNOLOGY AND FUEL PRODUCTION
  • Fuel Production Via Artificial Photosynthesis
  • Nanotechnology-Based Fuel Cells
• HYDROGEN STORAGE
  • Nanographite
• METAL-DOPED CARBON AEROGELS
• NANOTUBES
• NANOSCROLLS
• ZEOLITES
• WATER SPLITTING FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED BATTERIES
    • Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)
  • LITHIUM BATTERIES
  • NANO-BATTERY
  • CARBON AEROGEL ULTRACAPACITORS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FORESTRY
  • FOREST PRODUCTS PROCESSING
  • BIOCIDAL SILVER FOR WOOD PRESERVATION
  • NANOCOMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIALS
  • WOOD CELL WALLS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING
  • MANUFACTURING PARADIGM SHIFT-HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIO
  • DNA-BASED MANUFACTURING
    • Initial Assembly
    • Intermediate Assembly
    • Final Assembly
    • Outlook
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE
    • Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE
  • QUANTUM DOT NANOSENSORS
  • LUMINESCENT NANOSCALE SEMICONDUCTORS
  • NANOSCALE METAL OXIDE MOLECULAR SIEVES
  • MOLECULAR SIEVE THIN FILMS
  • NANOMECHANICAL BIOSENSORS
  • MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOSTRUCTURES
  • SELF-ASSEMBLING NANOINTERFEROMETRIC CAVITIES
  • SINGLE MOLECULE DETECTION
  • CARBON NANOTUBE COATED ACOUSTIC/OPTICAL HYBRID SENSOR
  • OPTICAL NANOCOMPOSITES
  • PLANAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL
  • PLASMONIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS
  • NANOMETRIC ARTIFICIAL OPALS
  • FIBER-OPTIC NANOBIOSENSORS FOR NITRIC OXIDE, NITRITE, AND CHLORIDE
  • PORE PROTEINS FOR METAL ION SENSING
  • RESISTIVE-PULSE MOLECULAR AND ION SENSORS
  • BROWNIAN MODULATED OPTICAL NANOPROBES (MOONS)
  • NANOSCALE AFFINITY BIOSENSORS
  • PIEZORESISTIVE NANOMECHANICAL MICRO/NANOCANTILEVERS
  • METAL OXIDE NANOBELTS, NANORIBBONS, NANOCANTILEVERS
  • NANOSTRUCTURED PHOTONIC SILICON FOR GAS SENSING
  • NANOPARTICLE COLORIMETRIC LEAD SENSOR
  • MEMS-BASED NANOSENSOR PACKAGING FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS
  • NANOCOMPOSITE THIN-FILM CHEMICAL SENSORS
  • NANOMETRIC RPVS (REMOTE PILOTED VEHICLES)
  • INORGANIC NANOTUBE HYDROGEN SENSORS
  • PASSIVE CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED AMMONIA SENSOR
  • PEBBLE PLATFORM NANOSENSORS
  • EXPLOSIVES DETECTION WITH SILOLE AND POLYSILOLE NANOWIRES AND NANOPARTICLES
  • ELECTRONIC NOSE
• NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE
  • RAPID DIAGNOSTICS FOR BACTERIA
  • NANOSTRUCTURED POROUS SILICON AND LUMINESCENT POLYSILOLES
  • POLYELECTROLYTE HOLLOW NANOCAPSULE REACTION CAGES
  • IONIC POLYMERIC METAL COMPOSITES (IPMC) NANOSENSORS
  • ORGANO-CLAY FILM NANOSENSORS
  • HOST-GUEST SYSTEM CONTAMINANT SEQUESTRATION
  • CELLULOSE FIBRIL PIEZO-NANOSENSORS
  • ELECTRONIC TONGUE
  • ATOMIC CRYSTAL LAYERS
  • NANOPOROUS POLYMER GAS SENSORS
  • NANOWIRE AND NANOCRYSTAL FIELD-EFFECT SENSORS
  • NANOSHELLS
  • UNIVERSAL NANOSENSING PLATFORM
• NANOSENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINENTANCE
  • SENSORNET SYSTEM
  • LOCALLY PERVASIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL INTELLIGENT SENSING NODES
  • SMART DUST
  • WAVENIS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
  • WIRELESS MICROCLIMATE MONITORING SYSTEM
  • RADIO CHIPS
  • MESH NETWORK STRATEGIES
  • ENVIRONMENTAL "COLLECTIVE" CELL PHONE SENSOR NET
  • NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO FORESTRY
  • AGRICULTURAL NANOSENSOR NETWORKS
• RADIATION DETECTION
  • DENDRITIC POLYMERS
  • SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR-NORMAL METAL (SIN) TUNNEL JUNCTION
  • QUANTUM DOT UV LIGHT DETECTORS FOR NANOSENSORS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING ENHANCEMENT
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE...(CONTINUED)
      • Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE...(CONTINUED)
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENHANCEMENT
    • TOPSOIL BINDER
    • BUCKYBALL FERTILIZER
    • TITANIUM DIOXIDE COLLOID FOR PLANT GROWTH ENHANCEMENT
    • FUNCTIONAL FOODS
    • COLLOIDOSOMES
    • DNA AND GENETIC THERAPY FOR PLANTS
    • ATOMIC LEVEL SEED MODIFICATION
      • Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS
      • Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE
  • ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES
    • NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY
      • Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS
  • POTENTIAL NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
  • SELF-REGULATED ASSEMBLY AND BUILT-IN DISASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • Molecular Assemblers
    • Nanostructure Disassembly Strategies
    • Global Ecophagy
    • Potential Nanoparticle-Fate and Effect Forecasting
  • BRIEF SURVEY OF NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
    • Aerosolized Nanoparticles
    • Aerosolized Nanoparticles (Continued)
    • Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Foods:
    • Nanoparticle Effects on Blood Cells
    • Carbon Nanotubes and Human T Lymphocytes
    • Nanoscale and Microscale Zinc Powders
    • Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
    • Cytotoxicity of C60 Aggregates
    • Toggling of C60Toxicity
  • BIONANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE
• COMPANY PROFILES, PATENT OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS
  • ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC., RENO, NV
  • APNANO MATERIALS, INC., NEW YORK, NY
  • APPLIED NANOTECH INC., AUSTIN, TX
  • APPLIED SCIENCES INC., CEDARVILLE, OH
  • CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY, INC., SAN JOSE, CA
  • DONALDSON CO., INC., MINNEAPOLIS, MN
  • DUST NETWORKS, HAYWARD, CA
  • ELMARCO, LIBEREC, CZECH REPUBLIC
  • EMEMBRANE, INC., PROVIDENCE, RI
  • EMERGENCY FILTRATION PRODUCTS, INC., (EFP) HENDERSON, NV
  • ESPIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CHATTANOOGA, TN
  • HEPA CORP., ANAHEIM, CA
  • HILLS, INC., WEST MELBOURNE, FLA.
  • HOLLINGSWORTH & VOSE, EAST WALPOLE, MA
  • HYBRID PLASTICS, INC., HATTIESBURG, MS
  • INAX CORP., UENO-CITY, JAPAN
  • INFRAMAT CORP., FARMINGTON, CT
  • JOHNS MANVILLE, DENVER, CO
  • KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS, INC., WILMINGTON, MASS.
  • NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP., ROMEOVILLE, IL
  • NANOSCALE MATERIALS INC., MANHATTAN, KS
  • NANOSTELLAR INC., MENLO PARK, CA
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC., AUSTIN, TX
  • OXONICA PLC, OXFORDSHIRE, UK
  • QUANTUMSPHERE, INC., COSTA MESA, CA
  • SENSICORE, ANN ARBOR, MI
  • VALEO, PARIS, FRANCE
• PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS
  • PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS
    • PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS (CONTINUED)
  • CONCLUSION
    • Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT
    • Table 51 (CONTINUED)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES, POLICIES, AND LAWS
• NANOTECHNOLOGY POLICY PERSPECTIVES
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
• FOOD FOR THOUGHT-ETHICAL AND MORAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • CASES IN POINT
  • CONCLUSION
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)
  • Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)
  • Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)
  • Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)
  • Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
  • Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
  • Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
  • Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS
  • Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001
  • Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION
  • Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR
  • Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)
  • Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
  • Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)
  • Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS
  • Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002
  • Table 30 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER
  • Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION
  • Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION
  • Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)
  • Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
  • Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA
  • Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)
  • Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS
  • Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE
  • Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS
  • Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)