Enzyme Inhibitors with Broad Therapeutic Applications

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF THE STUDY
  • CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY
  • INFORMATION SOURCES
  • ABOUT THE AUTHOR
  • RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS INCLUDING WORK DONE BY OTHER AUTHORS
  • BCC ONLINE SERVICES
  • DISCLAIMER
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:
  • GLOBAL FORECAST OF ENZYME INHIBITOR CLASS REVENUES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:
  • PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES BY ENZYME INHIBITOR CLASS, IN 2005 AND 2011 (%)
• OVERVIEW
  • BACKGROUND
  • ENZYMES
  • Figure 1 HOW AN ENZYME COMBINES TWO CHEMICALS
    • THE FUNCTION OF ENZYME INHIBITORS
    • TYPES OF INHIBITORS
      • Competitive, Noncompetitive, and Uncompetitive
  • Figure 2 COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
  • Figure 3 NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION
    • Reversible and Irreversible
    • Selective and Nonselective
  • CLASSES OF ENZYME INHIBITORS
  • Table 1 ENZYME INHIBITORS BY CLASS: DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES
  • Table 1 (CONTINUED)
    • CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS
    • DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITORS
    • INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
      • HIV INTEGRASE
    • PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
    • PROTEASE INHIBITORS
      • HIV PROTEASE
    • PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (ATPASE INHIBITORS)
    • TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
      • HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
• PRODUCTS
  • COX-2 INHIBITORS
    • COX-2 PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET
      • Celebrex
      • Mobic
      • The Market for COX-2 Inhibitors
  • Table 2 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COX-2 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 3 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR COX-2 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • PRODUCTS AWAITING FDA APPROVAL
    • NEXT-GENERATION COX-2 INHIBITORS
    • AFTER-EFFECTS OF THE WITHDRAWAL OF VIOXX AND BEXTRA
      • After-Effects of the Withdrawal...(Continued)
      • After-Effects of the Withdrawal...(Continued)
      • Creating an Unwarranted Market?
      • The FDA Takes a Hard Look at Direct-To-Consumer Advertising
      • The Future of COX-2 Inhibitors
        • The Future of COX-2 Inhibitors (Continued)
      • The Effect of Insurance Company Reimbursement
    • PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
      • PDE1 INHIBITORS
      • PDE3 INHIBITORS
        • PDE3 Inhibitors in Phase II or Later Development
      • PDE4 INHIBITORS
        • PDE4 Inhibitors (Continued)
        • The Market for PDE4 Inhibitors
  • Table 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE4 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 5 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE4 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • PRODUCT
    • PDE4 Inhibitors in Phase II or Later Development
  • Table 6 PDE4 INHIBITORS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT
    • Ariflo
    • Awd12-281
    • Daxas
    • IC485
    • Ono-6126
  • Drawbacks of PDE4 Inhibitors Currently in Development
• PDE5 INHIBITORS
  • Marketed Products
    • Cialis
    • Levitra
    • Revatio
    • Viagra
    • Zydena
  • The Market for PDE5 Inhibitors
  • Table 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE5 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 8 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE5 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • PDE5 Inhibitors in Phase II or Later Development
  • Table 9 PDE5 INHIBITORS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT
    • NM 702
    • TA-1790
    • Tadalafil
    • PDE7 INHIBITORS
    • PDE10 INHIBITORS
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
    • ACIPHEX/PARIET
    • NEXIUM
    • PREVACID
    • PRILOSEC/LOSEC
    • PANTOZOL
    • PROTONIX/ PROTIUM
    • TAKEPRON
    • ZEGERID
    • GENERIC PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
    • COMPARISON OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
  • Table 10 BRANDED PRESCRIPTION PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND SUPPLIERS
    • COST OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
    • THE MARKET FOR PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
  • Table 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PRESCRIPTION, BRANDED PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 12 U.S. MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION, BRANDED PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • PRODUCT
    • TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
      • LACK OF INCENTIVE TO DEVELOP DRUGS TO TREAT HIV AND AIDS
      • THE IMPACT OF THE AVAILABILITY OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
      • THE INTRODUCTION OF HAART
  • Table 13 NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM AIDS IN THE U.S., 1988-2005
    • THE FIRST GENERIC HIV/AIDS DRUG ENTERS THE U.S. MARKET
    • EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE COST OF HIV DRUGS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
      • Boehringer Ingelheim and GlaxoSmithKline Sign Agreements
        • AIDS Healthcare Foundation Lawsuit
        • Sub-Saharan Africa Generic Production Agreement
      • Merck Reduces the Cost of Stocrin
    • EFFORTS TO MAKE GENERIC HIV DRUGS AVAILABLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
      • The World Trade Organization Steps In
      • Generic AIDS Drug Combinations Approved by the FDA for Emergency AIDS Relief Plan
      • A Strategy to Gain a Foothold in the World Market
      • Clinton Foundation Negotiates Lower Drug Prices for Poor Countries
      • Other Struggles to Gain Access to Generic HIV Drugs
    • "THE 3 BY 5 INITIATIVE"
      • Main Plan Objectives
      • Status at the End of 2005
    • DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV/AIDS
      • Definition of Antiviral Drug Resistance
      • How Resistance Develops
      • Locations of Mutations
      • Types of Resistance
      • Current Status of Resistance
        • 2003 CATCH Study
        • Resistance among HIV Cases in Europe
  • Table 14 RESISTANCE AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN EUROPE AS DETERMINED BY THE CATCH STUDY
    • Conclusions
    • Novel Drug Resistance Treatment Strategies
    • Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program
  • Types of Drug Resistance Testing
    • Genotypic and Phenotypic Testing
    • Genotypic Testing
  • Table 15 PROTEASE MUTATIONS
  • Table 15 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 16 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE MUTATIONS
    • Phenotypic Testing
    • Comparison of Genotypic Versus Phenotypic Testing
  • Table 17 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GENOTYPIC VERSUS PHENOTYPIC TESTING
    • Reimbursement for HIV Drug Resistance Testing
    • Guidelines for HIV Drug Resistance Testing
    • The Special Case of Protease Inhibitors
    • The Rationale for Genotypic Testing for HIV-I Drug Resistance
    • Available HIV Drug Resistance Tests
  • SALIVA TESTS APPROVED TO DETECT HIV
  • COST OF HIV/AIDS TREATMENT
  • Table 18 ESTIMATED ANNUAL COSTS FOR HAART IN U.S. AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
  • ABBOTT INCREASES THE COST OF NORVIR FIVE-FOLD
    • Abbott Increases the Cost...(Continued)
  • Table 19 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE ANNUAL COST OF BOOSTED* PROTEASE INHIBITOR-BASED HIV TREATMENT REGIMENS BEFORE AND AFTER NORVIR PRICE INCREASE ($)
    • AVAILABLE PRODUCTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
  • Table 20 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION/AIDS
  • Table 20 (CONTINUED)
    • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING PRODUCTS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 21 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 4 MARKET SHARE OF ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS DRUGS BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, WORLDWIDE SALES: 2006 AND 2011 (%)
    • THE U.S. MARKET FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS DRUGS
  • Table 23 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 5 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • COMBINATION PRODUCTS EMERGE AS PREFERRED TREATMENT
    • LEADING MARKETERS OF HIV/AIDS DRUGS
      • Leaders in the Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Class
    • CATEGORIES OF ENZYME-INHIBITING DRUGS AVAILABLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS
      • Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
      • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
      • Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
      • Protease Inhibitors
      • Side Effects of Marketed HIV Drugs
      • Adverse Cardiovascular Events
    • SELECTED TRANSCRIPTASE-INHIBITING DRUGS INTRODUCED TO THE U.S. MARKET IN 2003, 2004 AND 2005
  • Table 24 ENZYME INHIBITING PRODUCT INTRODUCTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION, U.S., 2002-2005
    • Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
    • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
    • Emtriva
    • Epizicom
    • Truvada
  • Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • Protease Inhibitors
    • Aptivus
    • Lexiva/Telzir
    • Reyataz
    • DOSING AND COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES
  • Table 25 DAILY DOSAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTED HIV/AIDS THERAPIES
  • Table 26 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPLIANCE AND DOSING FREQUENCY
    • THE IDEAL TREATMENT REGIMEN
    • THE NUMBER OF SALVAGE PATIENTS CONTINUES TO INCREASE
    • ENZYME-INHIBITING DRUGS IN DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT AND/OR PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
  • Table 27 ENZYME-INHIBITING PRODUCTS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT AND/OR PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION/AIDS
  • Table 27 (CONTINUED)
    • THE THREE MAIN ENZYME TARGETS FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
      • Integrase
        • JTK-303
        • MK-0518
      • Protease
        • Protease Inhibitors in Phase II or Later Development
          • Brecanavir
          • Darunavir
    • Reverse Transcriptase
      • Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors In Phase II Or Later Development
        • Calanolide A
        • Capravirine
        • Etravirine
        • MIV-150
        • MIV-210
        • TMC-278
      • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors In Phase II Or Later Development
        • Alovudine
        • Amdoxovir
        • Dexelvucitabine
        • Elvucitabine
        • Racivir
        • SPD754
      • TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OTHER VIRAL DISEASES
        • Marketed Transcriptase Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Other Viral Diseases
  • Table 28 MARKETED NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OTHER VIRAL DISEASES
  • Table 28 (CONTINUED)
    • Nucleoside Analogs Introduced Between 2003 and 2005 for the Treatment of Other Viral Diseases
      • Baraclude
    • The Market for Nucleoside Analogs to Treat Other Viral Diseases
  • Table 29 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG-BASED DRUGS TO TREAT OTHER VIRAL DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 6 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG-BASED DRUGS TO TREAT OTHER VIRAL DISEASES, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Nucleoside Analogs in Phase II Or Later Development for Other Viral Diseases
      • Hepatitis B Virus Infection
        • Clevudine
        • Elvucitabine
        • MIV-210
        • Pradefovir Mesylate
        • Telbivudine
        • Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
        • Valtorcitabine
      • Hepatitis C Virus Infection
        • GS1392
        • JTK-003
        • Valopicitabine
        • Viramidine
        • VX-950
      • Herpesvirus Infections
        • Valomaciclovir
• APPLICATIONS
  • ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
    • ASTHMA
    • CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
    • THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN ASTHMA AND COPD
    • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA AND COPD
  • Table 30 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA AND COPD, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA AND COPD, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
    • CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
      • CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
        • Congestive Heart Failure (Continued)
      • HYPERTENSION
        • Hypertension (Continued)
      • INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
      • PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
  • Table 31 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 8 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
    • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
  • Table 32 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 9 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
  • Table 33 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 10 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B INFECTION
  • Table 34 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B INFECTION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B INFECTION, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS C INFECTION
  • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS C INFECTION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS
      • CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
      • HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
      • HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS
  • Table 36 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION AND ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
      • HIV AND AIDS STATISTICS
        • Number of HIV/Living with AIDS Cases in 2005 by Geographic Region
  • Table 37 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PERSONS INFECTED WITH HIV/LIVING WITH AIDS, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
    • Geographic Region 2005 Percentage of Global HIV Cases by Geographic Region
  • Table 38 PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL HIV CASES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
    • New HIV Cases in 2005 by Region
  • Table 39 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PEOPLE NEWLY INFECTED WITH HIV, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
• 2005 AIDS Deaths by Region
  • Table 40 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM AIDS, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
    • Estimated Number of HIV Cases by Country in 2002 and 2010
  • Table 41 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PEOPLE INFECTED WITH HIV IN SELECTED COUNTRIES, 2002 AND 2010 (MILLION)
    • HIV INFECTION AND AIDS CASES IN THE U.S.
    • THE NEED FOR BETTER ACCESS TO TREATMENT
  • Table 42 PERCENT OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT FOR HIV INFECTION BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION
    • ENZYME INHIBITORS TO TREAT HIV/AIDS
    • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
  • Table 43 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 12 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND RELATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
      • THE MARKET FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND RELATED
  • Table 44 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND RELATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
• COMPANY PROFILES
  • ABBOTT LABORATORIES
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • ACHILLION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • ALTANA PHARMA
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
      • Corporate Strategy (Continued)
  • BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • CELGENE CORPORATION
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • GILEAD SCIENCES INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
      • Products (Continued)
  • Table 45 GILEAD'S PRODUCT PIPELINE
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
      • Corporate Strategy (Continued)
  • GLAXOSMITHKLINE PLC
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
  • Table 46 GLAXOSMITHKLINE'S ENZYME INHIBITOR PRODUCT PIPELINE
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • ICOS CORPORATION
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • INCYTE CORPORATION
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
  • Table 47 INCYTE'S PRODUCT PIPELINE
    • CORPORATE STRAGEGY
      • Corporate Stragegy (Continued)
  • MEDIVIR AB
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
  • Table 48 MEDIVIR'S PRODUCT PIPELINE
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • NOVARTIS AG
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • PFIZER CORPORATION
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • PHARMASSET, INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • PLEXXIKON, INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • SANTARUS, INC.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • TIBOTEC PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
  • VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL
    • BUSINESS OVERVIEW
    • FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    • PRODUCTS
    • CORPORATE STRATEGY
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:
  • GLOBAL FORECAST OF ENZYME INHIBITOR CLASS REVENUES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 1 ENZYME INHIBITORS BY CLASS: DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES
  • Table 2 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COX-2 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 3 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR COX-2 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE4 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 5 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE4 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 6 PDE4 INHIBITORS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE5 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 8 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR PDE5 INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 9 PDE5 INHIBITORS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 10 BRANDED PRESCRIPTION PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND SUPPLIERS
  • Table 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PRESCRIPTION, BRANDED PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 12 U.S. MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION, BRANDED PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 13 NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM AIDS IN THE U.S., 1988-2005
  • Table 14 RESISTANCE AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN EUROPE AS DETERMINED BY THE CATCH STUDY
  • Table 15 PROTEASE MUTATIONS
  • Table 16 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE MUTATIONS
  • Table 17 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GENOTYPIC VERSUS PHENOTYPIC TESTING
  • Table 18 ESTIMATED ANNUAL COSTS FOR HAART IN U.S. AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
  • Table 19 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE ANNUAL COST OF BOOSTED* PROTEASE INHIBITOR-BASED HIV TREATMENT REGIMENS BEFORE AND AFTER NORVIR PRICE INCREASE
  • Table 20 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION/AIDS
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 23 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 24 ENZYME INHIBITING PRODUCT INTRODUCTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION, U.S.: 2002-2005
  • Table 25 DAILY DOSAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTED HIV/AIDS THERAPIES
  • Table 26 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPLIANCE AND DOSING FREQUENCY
  • Table 27 ENZYME-INHIBITING PRODUCTS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT AND/OR PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION/AIDS
  • Table 28 MARKETED NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OTHER VIRAL DISEASES
  • Table 29 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG-BASED DRUGS TO TREAT OTHER VIRAL DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 30 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA AND COPD, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 31 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 32 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 33 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 34 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B INFECTION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS C INFECTION, THROUGH 2011
  • Table 36 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 37 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PERSONS INFECTED WITH HIV/LIVING WITH AIDS, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
  • Table 38 PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL HIV CASES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
  • Table 39 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PEOPLE NEWLY INFECTED WITH HIV, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
  • Table 40 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM AIDS, ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2005
  • Table 41 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PEOPLE INFECTED WITH HIV IN SELECTED COUNTRIES, 2002 AND 2010 (MILLION)
  • Table 42 PERCENT OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT FOR HIV INFECTION BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION
  • Table 43 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 44 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND RELATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 45 GILEAD'S PRODUCT PIPELINE
  • Table 46 GLAXOSMITHKLINE'S ENZYME INHIBITOR PRODUCT PIPELINE
  • Table 47 INCYTE'S PRODUCT PIPELINE
  • Table 48 MEDIVIR'S PRODUCT PIPELINE 
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:
  • PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES BY ENZYME INHIBITOR CLASS, IN 2005 AND 2011 (%)
  • Figure 1 HOW AN ENZYME COMBINES TWO CHEMICALS
  • Figure 2 COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
  • Figure 3 NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION
  • Figure 4 MARKET SHARE OF ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS DRUGS BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, WORLDWIDE SALES: 2006 AND 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 5 U.S. MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME-INHIBITING HIV/AIDS THERAPEUTICS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 6 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG-BASED DRUGS TO TREAT OTHER VIRAL DISEASES, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA AND COPD, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 8 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 9 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 10 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B INFECTION, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 12 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR ENZYME INHIBITING DRUGS TO TREAT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS)