Electrostatic Discharge Technologies

Table of Contents

• SUMMARY TABLE: PROJECTED U.S. MARKET FOR ESD PRODUCTS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE: PROJECTED U.S. MARKET FOR ESD PRODUCTS BY TYPE, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

• BRIEF HISTORY OF ESD CONTROL
  • THE RISE OF THE ESD INDUSTRY
  • THE STEREO ANALOGY
  • ESD CONTROL TODAY
  • ESD AUDITS
  • WHAT CAUSES STATIC ELECTRICITY?
  • WHAT TYPE OF MATERIALS CAN HOLD A STATIC CHARGE?
  • SOME COMMONLY USED TERMS IN ESD
• TABLE 1 COMMON ESD MATERIAL TERMS WITH DEFINITIONS AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS
  • INSULATORS
  • CONDUCTORS
    • Resistivity
    • Surface Conductivity versus Volume Conductivity
  • STATIC DISSIPATION
    • Humidity
  • MODELS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY
  • THE HUMAN BODY MODEL
  • THE MACHINERY MODEL
    • Paper Handling
  • CHARGED DEVICE MODEL
  • PRODUCT USAGE BY MODEL
• TABLE 2 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS FOR HBM, MM, AND CDM
  • HOW DOES STATIC DO DAMAGE?
  • DEVICE SENSITIVITY
• TABLE 3 VOLTAGE THRESHOLDS FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
  • THE VALUE CHAIN
• TABLE 4 COST OF ESD DAMAGE ($)
  • PUSHING THE ENVELOPE-GMR ELEMENTS
  • MEASURING A STATIC CHARGE
  • FARADAY CAGES
  • THREE DETECTION METHODS
  • LINES OF ESD DEFENSE
  • ACTIVE DEFENSES
    • The First Line of Defense
    • The Second Line of Defense
    • The Last Line of Defense
    • DC Current Ionizers
    • Alpha Particle Ionizers
  • PASSIVE DEFENSES
    • The First Line of Defense
    • The Second Line of Defense
    • The Last Line of Defense
  • SHIELDING
• TABLE 5 TYPES OF GROUNDING PLATES
  • PACKAGING AND SHIELDING
• TABLE 6 COMPARISON OF THERMOFORMING AND INJECTION MOLDING
  • Thermoforming
  • Injection Molding
  • ARE ESD PRODUCTS MATURE?
    • The Cleanliness Issue

• OVERVIEW
• STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
• FIGURE 1 U.S. STATIC CONTROL POLYMER MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
• FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED)
• FILLED POLYMERS
• TABLE 7 PROPERTIES OF STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
  • Static Control Conductive Polymers
  • Static Control Dissipative Polymers
  • Production of Conductive and Static Dissipative Static Control Polymers
• FIGURE 2 U.S. FILLED STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • Resins
• TABLE 8 BULK RESINS USED IN STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
  • Pricing of Static Control Polymers
  • Production of Static Control Polymers by Resin Type
• TABLE 9 U.S. STATIC CONTROL POLYMER RESIN MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (MILLION LBS)
• FIGURE 3 U.S. STATIC CONTROL POLYMER RESIN MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • Polycarbonate Alloy
  • Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Polypropylene
  • High-Temperature Alloys
  • Low Cost Resins: Polypropylenes, Polystyrenes, Polyesters, etc.
  • Moderate Cost Resins: Polyurethanes, Nylons, Acetal, etc.
  • Fillers
• TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF BULK POLYMERS WITH THE ADDITION OF METAL POWDERS OR CARBON BLACK FILLERS
  • Conductivity of the Filler
  • Why Fibers Will Outperform Spherical Particles
• TABLE 11 COMPARISON BETWEEN FIBER-FILLED AND POWDER-FILLED POLYMERS
• TABLE 12 COMPARISON OF SHORT AND LONG FIBERS FOR ESD PURPOSES IN BULK POLYMERS
  • Types of Carbon Fiber
• TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF PITCH- AND PAN-BASED CHOPPED CARBON FIBER, 2006
  • Why Pitch Fibers Are Not Used in Static Control Polymers
  • Markets for Chopped Carbon Fiber
  • Carbon Black
  • Inherently Static Dissipative Polymers
• TABLE 14 PROPERTIES OF INHERENTLY STATIC DISSIPATIVE POLYMERS
  • Stainless Steel Fibers
• FIGURE 4 U.S. STATIC CONTROL FILLER MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • COATED POLYMERS
    • Production of Coated Polymers
• TABLE 15 COMPARISON BETWEEN TOPICAL AND PERMANENT COATINGS ON COATED POLYMERS
  • Topical Coatings
  • Permanent Coatings
• TABLE 16 COMPARISON OF PERMANENT COATINGS FOR POLYMERS
  • Types of Permanent Coatings Used on Polymers
  • Carbon Black Coatings
  • Antimony Doped Tin Oxides
  • Semiconductors
  • Conductive Polymers in Coatings
  • Types of Resins Used in Coated Polymers
• TABLE 17 COMPARISON BETWEEN COATED POLYESTER AND PVC RESINS
• FIGURE 5 U.S. COATED POLYMER RESIN MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (% OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • Patterns of Coated Polymer Usage
• FIGURE 6 U.S. COATED POLYMERS MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • PACKAGING
  • RIGID PACKAGING
• FIGURE 7 U.S. ESD RIGID PACKAGING MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • Polymer Packaging
• FIGURE 8 U.S. POLYMER ESD PACKAGING MARKET SHARE BY TYPE OF PRODUCTION PROCESS, 2006 (% OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • Injection Molding
  • Thermoform Packaging
• FIGURE 9 U.S. THERMOFORMED POLYMERS MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • ESD Corrugated Packaging
  • Fiber-Based Corrugated Products
  • Coatings
  • Impregnation
  • Polymeric Materials
  • Corrugated Polymeric Materials
  • Trends in the Industry
• FIGURE 10 U.S. CORRUGATED PACKAGING MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
  • The Role of Geography
  • Foams
  • Static Dissipative Foams
  • Conductive Foams
• BAGS
  • Static Shielding Bags
  • Static Dissipative Bags
  • Uses of Static Dissipative Bags
  • Concerns of Static Dissipative Bag Users
  • Comparison of Static Shielding Bags and Static Dissipative Bags
• TABLE 18 COMPARISON OF STATIC SHIELDING AND STATIC DISSIPATIVE BAGS
  • Why Films Are Not Used
  • Industry Trends
• FIGURE 11 U.S. ESD BAG MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL VOL.)
• FURNITURE
• PRICE/ PERFORMANCE OF ESD FURNITURE
• TABLE 19 PRICE/ QUALITY RANGE OF ESD BENCHES
  • Low-End ESD Furniture
  • Moderate Performance ESD Furniture
  • High-End Benches
• TYPES OF LAMINATES
• TABLE 20 TYPES OF BENCHTOP USED IN THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT
• Manufacture of High-Performance ESD Laminate
  • Laminate Production
  • Scrim Laminate
• TABLE 21ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL SCRIM LAMINATE
  • Tele-Static (Silver Lock) ESD Laminate
• TABLE 22 SPECIFICATIONS OF SILVER LOCK ESD LAMINATE
  • Summary of ESD Laminate Production
• TABLE 23 TYPES OF ESD SURFACES
• FIGURE 12 U.S. ESD LAMINATE MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SQ FT)
• ESD and Harsh Environments
• CHAIRS
• Challenges for ESD Chairs
• APPAREL
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF CONDUCTIVE GARMENTS
• OPEN-AIR MANUFACTURING TODAY
• CONDUCTIVE FABRICS
• TABLE 24 TYPES OF FIBERS THAT CAN BE USED IN CONDUCTIVE FABRICS
• TABLE 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Knits and Weaves
  • Grounding the Garments
  • Disposable Garments
• THE CLEANROOM ENVIRONMENT
  • The Seam Problem in Cleanroom ESD Garments
  • Longevity of Bunny Suits
• WRISTBANDS AND FOOTWEAR
  • Wristbands
  • Footwear
  • Heel Grounders
  • Shoes
• FLOORING
• FIGURE 13 U.S. ESD FLOORING MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SQ FT)
• MATS
• TABLE 25 COMPARISON OF TYPES OF MATS
  • Sponge-Based Mats
  • Rigid-Vinyl Sponge-Backed Mats
  • Molded Rubber Mats
• TOPICALLY APPLIED ANTISTATIC FLOORING
  • Antistatic Sprays
  • Waxes or Finishes
• TABLE 26 COMPARISON OF TOPICAL ANTISTATIC AND PERMANENTLY INSTALLED ESD FLOORING
• PERMANENT ESD FLOORING
• TABLE 27 COMPARISON OF ESD FLOORING
  • Poured Floors
• TABLE 28 COMPARISON OF EPOXY AND POLYURETHANE POURED FLOORS
  • Pricing of Poured Flooring
  • Secrecy within the Industry
  • Types of Poured Floors
• FIGURE 14 U.S. ESD POURED FLOORING MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SQ FT)
  • Methods of Making a Poured Floor Conductive
• TABLE 29 COMPARISON BETWEEN PARTICULATE- AND FIBER-POURED FLOORING
  • Problems with Fibers
  • Markets for Poured Floors
  • ESD Carpet
  • Conductive Vinyl Tile
  • Surface Treated Conductive Tile
• FIGURE 15 U.S. CONDUCTIVE VINYL TILE MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SQ FT)
  • Pricing within the Industry
  • Inherently Conductive Vinyl Tile
  • Production of Inherently Conductive Vinyl Tile
• TABLE 30 PROPERTIES OF INHERENTLY CONDUCTIVE VINYL TILE DEPENDENT ON VINYL AND FILLER
  • Recent Developments in Vinyl Tile
  • Encapsulation
  • Conductive Backing
  • Grounding Strips
• TABLE 31 COMPARISON OF METALLIZED FABRIC AND COPPER FOIL GROUNDING STRIPS
  • Static Dissipative and Conductive ESD Tile
• FIGURE 16 U.S. STATIC DISSIPATIVE VS. CONDUCTIVE VINYL TILE MARKET SHARE, 2006 (PERCENT OF TOTAL SQ FT)
  • Other Uses of Conductive Vinyl Tile
  • Sheet Goods
• TABLE 32 REPORTED PROBLEMS WITH SHEET CONDUCTIVE VINYL
• ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
• ELECTRONICS FOR ESD PROTECTION: IONIZERS
• TABLE 33 COMPARISON OF NUCLEAR AND ELECTRONIC IONIZERS
  • Nuclear Ionizers
  • Electronic Ionizers
  • AC Ionizers
  • DC Ionizers
  • Bar Units
  • Blower Units
• FIGURE 17 U.S. BLOWER VS. BAR IONIZER SALES, 2006 (%)
  • Ionizer Points
  • Internal and External Uses of Ionizers
• ESD MONITORING EQUIPMENT
  • Charge Plate Monitors
  • Continuous Ground Monitors
  • New Requirements
• ISO 9000
  • Meters
• TABLE 34 COMPARISON BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT MONITORING OF ESC
  • Direct Meters
  • Surface Resistivity Meters
• INDIRECT METERS
• EMI Monitors
• TABLE 35 FEATURES OF AN ESD MONITOR

• OVERVIEW
• FIGURE 18 U.S. ESD PATENT SHARE BY PRODUCT SEGMENT* (PERCENT OF PATENTS)
• STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
• FIGURE 19 STATIC CONTROL POLYMER PATENT SHARE BY PATENT HOLDER* (PERCENT OF PATENTS)
• TABLE 36 U.S. STATIC CONTROL POLYMER PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
  • TABLE 36 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 36 (CONTINUED)
• PACKAGING MATERIALS
• FIGURE 20 ANTISTATIC PACKAGING PATENT SHARE BY PATENT HOLDER* (PERCENT OF PATENTS)
  • FIGURE 20 (CONTINUED)
• TABLE 37 U.S. ANTISTATIC PACKAGING PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
  • TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
• STATIC CONTROL FURNITURE
• TABLE 38 U.S. STATIC CONTROL FURNITURE PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
  • TABLE 38 (CONTINUED)
• ESD APPAREL
• TABLE 39 U.S. STATIC CONTROL GARMENT PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
• ESD FLOORING
• TABLE 40 U.S. ESD FLOORING PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
• ESD INSTRUMENTATION
• FIGURE 21 ESD INSTRUMENTATION PATENT SHARE BY TYPE OF INSTRUMENT* (PERCENT OF PATENTS)
• FIGURE 22 ESD INSTRUMENTATION PATENT SHARE BY PATENT HOLDER* (PERCENT OF PATENTS)
• TABLE 41 ESD INSTRUMENTATION PATENTS BY PATENT HOLDER*
  • TABLE 41 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 41 (CONTINUED)

• SUMMARY
• FIGURE 23 U.S. MARKET FOR ESD PRODUCTS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• DETAILED MARKET ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS, 2006-2012
• TABLE 42 PROJECTED U.S. ESD PRODUCTS MARKET BY TYPE, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 24 PROJECTED U.S. ESD PRODUCTS MARKET SHARE BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2006 AND 2012 (%)
• STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
• TABLE 43 PROJECTED U.S. STATIC CONTROL POLYMER MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Filled Polymers
  • Historical Sales
  • Market Drivers
• FIGURE 25 U.S. FILLED STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS MARKET SHARE BY SEGMENT, 2006 (%)
  • ESD Packaging
  • ESD Permanent Parts
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 44 PROJECTED U.S. FILLED STATIC CONTROL POLYMER MARKET BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Coated Static Control Polymers
  • Historical Sales
  • Market Drivers
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 45 PROJECTED U.S. COATED STATIC CONTROL POLYMER MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • PACKAGING
    • Historical Sales
• TABLE 46U.S. ESD PACKAGING MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Market Drivers
  • Trends in the Electronics Industry
• TABLE 47 PROJECTED TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Development of New Applications
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 48 PROJECTED U.S. ESD PACKAGING MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• FURNITURE
  • Historical Sales
• FIGURE 26 ESD FURNITURE MARKET, 2006 (%)
  • Market Drivers
  • Cleanroom Trends
  • Trends in Other Markets
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 49 PROJECTED U.S. ESD FURNITURE MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• ESD APPAREL
  • Historical Sales
• FIGURE 27U.S. ESD APPAREL MARKET SHARE BY SEGMENT, 2006 (%)
  • Market Drivers
  • Growth of Cleanroom Market
  • Open-Air Manufacturing
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 50 PROJECTED U.S. ESD APPAREL MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• ESD FLOORING
  • Historical Sales
• FIGURE 28 U.S. ESD FLOORING PRODUCTS MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Market Drivers
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 51 PROJECTED U.S. ESD FLOORING MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
• ESD INSTRUMENTATION
• TABLE 52 PROJECTED U.S. ESD INSTRUMENTS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Ionizers
  • Historical Sales
• FIGURE 29 U.S. IONIZER MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Market Drivers
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 53 PROJECTED U.S. IONIZER MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Monitors and Metering Devices
  • Historical Sales
• FIGURE 30 PROJECTED U.S. MONITORS AND METERING DEVICE MARKET BY TYPE, 2006 (%)
  • Market Drivers
  • Projected Sales
• TABLE 54 PROJECTED U.S. ELECTROSTATIC MONITOR AND METERING DEVICE MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

• VENDOR OR MANUFACTURER?
• TABLE 55 PERCENTAGE OF U.S. VENDOR ESD GOODS MANUFACTURED COMPARED WITH RESALES, 2006 VS. 2012 (%)
• ESD MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES
• STATIC CONTROL POLYMERS
  • Filled Polymers
• FIGURE 31 U.S. FILLED STATIC CONTROL POLYMER COMPANY MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Coated Polymers
• FIGURE 32 PROJECTED U.S. COATED STATIC CONTROL POLYMER COMPANY MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• ESD PACKAGING
  • Rigid Packaging
• FIGURE 33U.S. ESD CORRUGATED PRODUCT COMPANY MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Bags
• FIGURE 34 U.S. ESD BAG COMPANY MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• ESD FURNITURE
• FIGURE 35 U.S. ESD FURNITURE COMPANY MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• ESD APPAREL
  • Clothing
  • Open-Air Garment Manufacturers
  • Cleanroom Garment Manufacturers
• FIGURE 36 U.S. SD CLEANROOM GARMENT MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• ESD FLOORING
  • Topical Coatings
• FIGURE 37 U.S. ESD FLOOR WAX MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Permanent Coatings
  • ESD Carpets
• FIGURE 38 U.S. ESD CARPETING MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Tile
• FIGURE 39 U.S. ESD TILE MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Poured Floors
• FIGURE 40 U.S. ESD POURED FLOOR MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• ESD INSTRUMENTS
  • Ionizers
• FIGURE 41 U.S. IONIZER MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
  • Monitors
• FIGURE 42 U.S. ELECTROSTATIC MONITOR MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)

• CONDUCTIVE CONTAINER, INC. (CCI)
• CUSTOM PRODUCTS & SERVICES, INC.
• ESD SYSTEMS
• FORBO INDUSTRIES
• GARLAND FLOOR CO.
• HYPERION CATALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
• IAC INDUSTRIES
• ION SYSTEMS
• KALAMAZOO TECHNICAL FURNITURE
• KEWAUNEE SCIENTIFIC CORP.
• KLOCKNER PENTAPLAST
• LNP ENGINEERING PLASTICS
• NRD, LLC
• NOVEON, INC.
• NOVX CORP.
• PACUR
• PUREPLAST, INC.
• RTP CO.
• SIMCO INDUSTRIAL STATIC CONTROL
• JAMES R. SKINNER CO.
• THE STANLEY WORKS
• STATIC CONTROL COMPONENTS, INC.
• TECH WEAR, INC.
• TREK, INC.
• TW CLEAN, INC.
• WESTLAKE PLASTICS
• VINYL PLASTICS, LLC
• WRIGHT LINE, LLC