Utility Power Storage Technologies

Table of Contents

• SUMMARY TABLE: INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL EES SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE: INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL EES SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• THE STATE OF THE GRID
• POTENTIAL BENEFITS FROM ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE
• OVERALL CHALLENGES FOR THE EES INDUSTRY
• CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTING LARGE SCALE EES
• CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTING SMALL SCALE EES
• ACCOMMODATING RENEWABLES
• OPTIMIZING HYBRID TRANSPORTATION
• U.S. ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT ACT 2007
• U.S. ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGYy(CONTINUED)
• THE IMPACT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EES LEGISLATION
• THE EES FOCUS OF THIS REPORT
• THE EES FOCUS OF THIS REPORT (CONTINUED)

• EES APPLICATIONS
• TABLE 1 MAJOR EES APPLICATION CATEGORIES
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER APPLICATIONS
• 0.1 TO 12 CYCLES
• EES TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
• PUMPED HYDROPOWER
• COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
• BATTERIES
• FLYWHEELS
• SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE
• SUPERCAPACITORS
• TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF AN EES SYSTEM
• THE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• STANDARD/MODULAR COMPONENTS
• INTRINSIC CELL BALANCING
• WIRELESS BONDING
• WIDE BAND GAP
• CAPACITOR DURABILITY
  • Capacitor Durability (Continued)

• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• TWO STAGE REVERSIBLE PUMP-TURBINES
• POWER ELECTRONICS FOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED UNITS
• COMPUTER MODELING SOFTWARE
• ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• ENERGY ISLAND
• SALT MINES
• ENERGY STORING WIND DAM
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 2 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PUMPED HYDRO EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• FIGURE 1 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PUMPED HYDRO EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS
• TABLE 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 2 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE BY PCS COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 4 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE TOTAL SYSTEM BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE TOTAL SYSTEM BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• PUMPED STORAGE PLANTS WORLDWIDE
• TABLE 5 PUMPED STORAGE PLANTS WORLDWIDE
• TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)
• TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)
• TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)

• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• THE HUNTORF PLANT
• THE MCINTOSH PLANT
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
  • Iowa State Energy Park
• TXU, Shell Briscoe Texas Wind Farm
• TRANSPORTABLE COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
• ECONOMICS OF CAES AND WIND POWER
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 6 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• FIGURE 4 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 7 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 5 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS BY PCS COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS,THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 6 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• OVERVIEW
• LEAD-ACID BATTERY
• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 9 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECASTS FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERY EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• FIGURE 7 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECASTS FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERY EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 10 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERY POWER CONTROL SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS
• FIGURE 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERY POWER CONTROL SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 11 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEAD-ACID STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• FIGURE 9 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEAD-ACID STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERY
• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 12 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERY EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• FIGURE 10 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERY EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 13 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERY POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 14 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SODIUM-SULFUR STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY
• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 15 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECASTS FOR VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 16 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY POWER CONTROL SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 17 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• BLACKOUT PROTECTION
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 18 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR FLYWHEEL EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 19 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR FLYWHEEL POWER CONTROL SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 20 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL FLYWHEEL EES SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 21 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SMES EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 22 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SMES POWER CONTROL SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL SYSTEM
• TABLE 23 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SMES STORAGE SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• OVERVIEW
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS
• MARKET FORECAST FOR CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 24 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SUPERCAPACITORS EES CORE TECHNOLOGY BY MAJOR APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• GRID-CONNECTED END-USER
• MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
• TABLE 25 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SUPERCAPACITORS POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM BY PCS COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 26 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR SUPERCAPACITORS TOTAL SYSTEM COST BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)

• OVERVIEW
• EES COLLABORATIONS AND REGULATIONS
• INTERNATIONAL MARKETS BY CORE TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 27 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR GRID-CONNECTED END-USER APPLICATIONS BY CORE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 28 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION APPLICATIONS BY CORE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 29 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR BULK GENERATION APPLICATIONS BY CORE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 30 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR EES CORE TECHNOLOGIES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 31 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS BY CORE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• TABLE 32 INTERNATIONAL MARKET FORECAST FOR TOTAL EES SYSTEMS BY MAJOR COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• THE INTERNATIONAL EES MARKET
• TABLE 33 MARKET FORECAST FOR EES REVENUES BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• COMPANY PROFILES
• TABLE 34 ELECTRICAL POWER STORAGE COMPANIES
• ABB LTD.
  • Power Conversion System (PCS)
  • Converter Transformer
  • Ni-Cd Batteries
  • Converter
  • DC-Filter Circuits
  • Cooling System
  • ACTIVE POWER, INC.
  • CleanSource
  • CoolAir
  • Services
  • Ancillary Products
  • Industry-Specific Expertise
• AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER
• AXION POWER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
• BEACON POWER CORPORATION
• ENIS WINDGEN RENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICES LLC
  • Transportable Compressed Air Energy Storage
  • Transfer Line-Compressed Air Energy Storage System
  • Desalination System (Under Development)
• ELECTRO ENERGY INC.
• ESKOM
• GAIA POWER TECHNOLOGIES
• GRIDPOINT INC.
  • Online Energy Management
  • Backup Power
  • Renewable Energy Systems
  • Preferred PHEV Charging Rates
• IE POWER INC.
  • Energy Storage
  • Electrical Utilities
  • High Energy Physics
  • Wind
  • Plasma Torch
  • Marine
  • Military
  • Original Equipment Mfrs. OEM' s.
• INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, INC.
• INTEGRYS ENERGY SERVICES, INC.
• IOWA STORED ENERGY PARK
• ITI ENERGY
• MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
• MWH
• NGK INSULATORS, LTD
  • Safety
  • Compactness
• OPTIMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
  • Optimal Hi-Voltage Pulsed Charging Source
  • Optimal Industrial Energy Management
• PENTADYNE POWER CORPORATION
  • The Pentadyne Flywheel Principle
  • Reduced maintenance
  • Pump-free operation
  • Synchronous reluctance motor-generator
• S&C ELECTRIC COMPANY
  • Battery Storage
  • Wind Storage
• SAFT
  • Electrical Utilities
  • General Industry
  • Hospitals
  • Water, Oil & Gas Industries
  • Aviation and Airport Applications
• SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
  • SatCon Power Systems
  • SatCon Electronics
  • SatCon Applied Technology
• TEXZON UTILITIES
  • TEXZON UTILITIES (CONTINUED)
• TIAX
• VRB POWER SYSTEMS INC.
• ZBB ENERGY CORPORATION
  • Utility Companies
  • Renewable Energy
• ENERGY STORAGE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
• TABLE 35 ENERGY STORAGE R&D, CONSULTING AND PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
• ELECTRICITY STORAGE ASSOCIATION
• ENERGY STORAGE COUNCIL
• ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• J-POWER
• KEMA
• MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENERGY INITIATIVE
• NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
• Technology Transfer
• SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
• PATENT ANALYSIS OF EES TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 36 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR PUMPED HYDRO TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2007
• TABLE 37 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2007
• TABLE 38 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR LEAD ACID BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 39 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR SODIUM SULFUR BATTERY TECHNOLOGY,
• TABLE 40 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
• TABLE 41 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR FLYWHEEL EES TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2007
• TABLE 42 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2007
• TABLE 43 U.S. PATENTS ISSUES FOR SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2007
• MARKET SUMMARY AND FORECASTS THROUGH 2013
• PUMPED HYDRO
• COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
• LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
• SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
• VANADIUM REDOX BATTERIES
• FLYWHEELS
• SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE
• SUPERCAPACITORS
• POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS
• CONCLUSIONS, SUMMARY AND FORECASTS
  • CONCLUSIONS, SUMMARY ý (CONTINUED)

• ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)
  • ENERGY STORAGE GLOSSARY (CONTINUED)

• REFERENCES FOR EES
  • REFERENCES FOR EES (CONTINUED)