Forensic Technologies: New and Growing Markets

Table of Contents

• Forensic Technologies: New and Growing Markets
• Chapter 1 - SUMMARY
  • MAJOR FINDINGS
  • SUMMARY TABLE: MARKET FORECAST OF MAJOR U.S. FORENSIC PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SEGMENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • SUMMARY FIGURE: MARKET FORECAST OF MAJOR U.S. FORENSIC PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SEGMENTS, 2007-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Chapter 2 - OVERVIEW
  • DEFINITION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
  • HISTORY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
  • U.S. FORENSIC LABORATORIES
  • TABLE 1 PERCENTAGE OF U.S. LABORATORIES PERFORMING VARIOUS FORENSIC FUNCTIONS (%)
  • THE GROWING ROLE OF FORENSIC DATABASES
    • FORENSIC DATABASES
      • Ident-A-Drug
      • Paint Data Query: PDQ
      • National Automotive Paint File
      • TreadMark
      • SoleMate
      • TreadMate
      • Glass Evidence Reference Database
      • Forensic Information System for Handwriting: FISH
      • Ink Libraries
      • PharmInfoNet and RxList
      • Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection: ILRC
      • ChemFinder
  • TABLE 2 PROJECTED U.S. FORENSIC DATABASE PRODUCT REVENUES BY SECTOR, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
      • PHYSICAL EVIDENCE, COLLECTION, AND STORAGE
      • CHAIN OF EVIDENCE
      • IMPORTANT TYPES OF EVIDENCE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
  • TABLE 3 NUMBER OF PUBLICLY OPERATED DNA LABORATORIES PERFORMING CERTAIN TYPES OF ANALYSES (SELECTED SAMPLE OF 110 LABORATORIES)
  • ANALYTICAL PROCESSES USED IN FORENSIC TESTING
    • Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis
    • Techniques Used in Organic Analysis
    • Techniques Used in Inorganic Analysis
  • MAJOR FORENSIC TESTING AREAS
    • Analysis of Drug and Toxicology Related Specimens
    • DNA Profiling and Fingerprinting Products
    • Expanding Applications of DNA Profiling-Property Crimes
    • Chemical Analysis and Serology
    • Microscopy
  • FORENSIC SCIENCE INSTRUMENTATION
  • TABLE 4 COMPANIES BY MAJOR AREAS OF PARTICIPATION IN ANALYTICAL TESTING
    • Chemical Analysis Instrumentation
    • Drug Identification and Toxicology Analysis
    • DNA Profiling
    • Fingerprinting/Biometrics
  • TABLE 5 SUPPLIERS OF SOLID STATE FINGERPRINT SCANNERS (A PARTIAL LISTING)
  • TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)
  • MARKET STRUCTURE
    • GOVERNMENT REGULATION
    • ACCREDITATION
  • TABLE 6 LABORATORY ACCREDITATION STATISTICS (% OF DNA LABORATORIES ACCREDITED)
    • GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
      • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
      • National Integrated Ballistic Information Network-NIBIN
      • National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centerý Northeast Region
  • INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
  • MARKET DEMAND
    • Testing Trends
  • TABLE 7 CRIME INDEX TOTALS, 1999-2007 (%)
    • Increase in DNA Testing Workloads
  • TABLE 8 DNA WORKLOAD STATISTICS, 1997 AND 2000
  • FIGURE 1 DNA WORKLOAD SUBJECT CASES VS. OFFENDER SAMPLES, 1997-2000
    • MARKETS FOR FORENSIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, INSTRUMENTS, AND SUPPLIES
      • ORGANIC MATERIALS ANALYSIS
        • Chromatography
        • Applications
        • Supplies
  • TABLE 9 FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY INSTRUMENT
  • TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)
    • Mass Spectrometers and Chromatography Hyphenated Products
      • Applications
    • Spectrophotometry
      • UV/Visible Spectrophotometry
    • Infrared (IR) Spectrophotometry
    • Spectrophotometry Applications
    • Supplies
  • Immunoassays
    • Applications
    • Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)
    • Radioimmunoassay
    • Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassays (FPIA) and Suppliers
    • Supplies
  • DNA Profiling
    • CODIS Databases for Storing and Searching DNA Profiles
  • INORGANIC MATERIALS ANALYSIS
    • Trace Elemental Analysis
      • Emission Spectroscopy
      • AA Spectrophotometry
      • Neutron Activation
      • X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
  • GENERAL ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
    • Microscopes
      • Forensic Applications for Microscopes
        • Forensic Applications ý (Continued)
      • Fluorescent Light Sources
  • MAJOR ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES
    • Hair Analysis
  • Species and Individual Determination
  • Hair Color and Other Points for Comparison
• Fiber Analysis
• Paint Analysis
• Fire Debris and Explosives Analysis
  • TABLE 10 SIGNIFICANT PRODUCERS OF SPECIALIZED MICROSCOPES USED IN FORENSIC SCIENCES
  • TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
    • Questioned Document Analysis
    • Firearms Identification
    • Ballistic Imaging for Firearms Identification
      • Drugfire
      • Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS)
  • FORENSIC TESTING MARKET SIZE
  • TABLE 11 PROJECTED U.S. FORENSIC PRODUCT AND SERVICES MARKET BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 2 PROJECTED DISTRIBUTION OF U.S. FORENSIC PRODUCT AND SERVICES REVENUES, 2008 VERSUS 2013 (%)
  • FIGURE 2 (CONTINUED)
    • ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES
  • TABLE 12 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
  • FIGURE 3 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Numbers and Types of Analytical Instruments in a Typical Forensic Laboratory
  • TABLE 13 PRICES AND NUMBERS OF ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS IN FORENSIC LABORATORIES/DEPARTMENTS ($)
    • Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
  • TABLE 14 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Analytical Instrument Supply Sales
    • Spectrophotometry
  • TABLE 15 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRY INSTRUMENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Elemental Analysis
  • TABLE 16 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Forensic Microscope Sales
  • TABLE 17 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC OPTICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 18 OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURERS ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE, 2007 (%)
    • Fluorescent Light Source Sales
  • TABLE 19 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC FLUORESCENT LIGHT SOURCES, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • MARKET PARTICIPANTS - ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
  • TABLE 20 MARKET LEADERS SUPPLYING ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
    • ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPANY PROFILES
      • Agilent Technologies, Inc.
      • Buck Scientific, Inc.
      • Carl Zeiss
        • Carl Zeiss, Inc.
      • FEI Co.
      • Hitachi High-Technologies Corp.
        • Hitachi High-Technologies America, Inc.
      • Horiba Jobin Yvon, Inc.
      • Jeol USA, Inc.
      • Melles Griot/Barloworld Scientific Optics Group
      • Nikon Corp.
        • Nikon USA
      • PerkinElmer, Inc.
        • PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Inc.
      • Rofin
      • Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.
      • Spectris, plc
        • Spex Forensics
      • ThermoFisher Scientific
      • Varian, Inc.
      • Waters Corp.
    • DRUG IDENTIFICATION KITS
  • TABLE 21 ARRESTS BY DRUG TYPE, 2005 (%)
    • DRUG IDENTIFICATION KITS MARKET SIZE
  • TABLE 22 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC DRUG IDENTIFICATION KITS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 4 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC DRUG IDENTIFICATION KITS, 2007-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • MARKET PARTICIPANTS- DRUG IDENTIFICATION KITS
    • MARKET SHARES
  • TABLE 23 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARES OF DRUG KIT COMPANIES, 2006 (%)
    • NIK
    • ODV
    • Forensic Products & Services, Inc.
    • Nartec
  • DRUG FIELD TESTING KIT COMPANY PROFILES
    • Armor Holdings, Inc.
      • NIK Public Safety, Inc.
      • ODV, Inc.
    • Forensic Products & Services, Inc.
    • Microgenics Corp.
    • Nartec
  • TOXICOLOGY/ IMMUNOASSAY MARKET
    • ALCOHOL ANALYSIS
    • DRUG AND POISON ANALYSIS
      • Drug Analysis
        • Enzyme Immunoassay Screening for Drugs
        • Confirmatory Drug Tests
      • Poison Analysis
    • TOXICOLOGY IMMUNOASSAY REAGENTS
    • THE MARKET FOR FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY TESTING PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 24 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY/IMMUNOASSAY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 5 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S.FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY/IMMUNOASSAY, 2007-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Market Share
  • TABLE 25 FORENSIC IMMUNOASSAY TESTING PARTICIPANTS, ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE, 2006 (%)
  • IMMUNOASSAY COMPANY PROFILES
    • Abbott Laboratories
    • Dade Behring, Inc.
    • Roche Diagnostics Systems
    • Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics
  • FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY
    • BLOOD GROUPING
    • SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BLOODSTAINS
      • Preliminary Color Tests
      • Confirmatory and Species Determination Tests
      • Serological Characterization of Semen
  • MARKET SIZE
  • TABLE 26 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY TESTING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 6 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY TESTING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY TESTING COMPANY PROFILE
    • Abacus Diagnostics
  • FINGERPRINTING/ BIOMETRICS
  • FINGERPRINT RIDGES AND RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS
  • FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION
    • Henry and FBI Systems for Classifying, Storing, Retrieving, and Searching for Fingerprints
  • AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (AFIS)
  • PRODUCT TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
  • TABLE 27 FINGERPRINTING APPLICATIONS, PRODUCT TYPES, AND SUPPLIERS
    • PRODUCTS FOR OBTAINING KNOWN OR CRIMINAL TEN-PRINTS AND THEIR SUPPLIERS
      • Methods and Products Involving Ink
      • Semi-Inkless and Inkless Methods
      • Ten-Print Fingerprint Cards
      • Electronic
        • Live Scan Products
        • Card Scan Products
        • Portable Scan Products
        • Printers Used in Conjunction with Above Systems
  • PRODUCTS FOR DEVELOPING AND PRESERVING CRIME SCENE PRINTS AND THEIR SUPPLIERS
    • Fingerprint Powders for Prints on Hard, Nonporous Substances
    • Chemical Products Used to Recover Prints
      • Super Glue Fuming and Other Products to Recover Prints on Metal, Tape, Leather, and Plastic
    • Chemical Products for Use on Soft and Porous Substances Such as Paper and Wood
      • Iodine Fuming
      • Ninhydrin
      • Silver Nitrate
      • Fluorescent Chemicals for Print Visualization
      • Miscellaneous Chemical Products
  • Products to Preserve Crime Scene Prints
    • Lifting Tape and Backing Cards
  • PHOTOGRAPHY SUPPLIES
  • MAGNIFIERS
  • DIGITAL IMAGING ENHANCEMENT SOFTWARE
  • AFIS
  • MARKET SIZE
  • TABLE 28 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 7 PROJECTED U.S. FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2007-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 29 PRICING COSTS PER UNIT FOR FINGERPRINT SYSTEMS AND SUPPLIESMARKET FOR TEN-PRINT PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 30 PROJECTED NUMBER OF CRIMINAL FINGERPRINT CARDS TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE FBI, THROUGH 2010
    • MARKET FOR ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
    • MARKET FOR CRIME SCENE PRINT PRODUCTS
    • MARKET FOR AFIS
    • FINGERPRINTING PRODUCT COMPANY PROFILES
      • Armor Forensics
      • Arrowhead Forensic Products
      • L-1 Identity Solutions, Inc.
        • Lightning Powder Co., Inc.
      • Printrak International, Inc.
      • Sirchie Finger Print Labs, Inc.
  • DNA TESTING
    • OVERSEAS ACTIVITIES
    • DNA FINGERPRINTS
    • DNA TESTING METHODS
      • Separation/ Extraction/ Amplification Methods
  • TABLE 31 USE RATES FOR AMPLICATION KITS
    • RFLP
    • PCR
    • AmpFLSTR Profiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit
    • AmpFLSTR COfiler PCR Amplification Kit Typing Kits
    • AmpliType DQA1Typing System Kit
    • AmpliType Polymarker (PM) PCR Typing System
  • TABLE 32 COMMONLY USED APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS DNA KITS
    • STR Analysis (STR)
    • Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
    • Y-Chromosome Analysis
    • Low Copy Number (LCN) DNA
    • Analytical Instrumentation
      • MultiProbe II: PerkinElmer Forensic Workstation
      • Sequencing Analyzers
  • TABLE 33 SEQUENCING ANALYZER PLACEMENTS IN DNA TESTING LABORATORIES, 2002 (RESPONSE FROM 106 FACILITIES)
    • The ABI Prism 310
    • ABI Prism 377
    • Hitachi FMBIO II
    • Robotics
  • DNA TESTING PRODUCTS, KITS, AND AUTOMATION COMPANY PROFILES
    • Applied Biosystems
    • Hitachi Software Engineering America, Ltd.
    • PerkinElmer Corp.
  • DNA MATCHING
    • CODIS
  • DNA IDENTIFICATION ACT OF 1994
  • THE ROLE OF DNA EVIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM TODAY
  • LABORATORIES PERFORMING DNA ANALYSIS
    • Public Laboratories
  • TABLE 34 CASE WORKLOAD STATISTICS, 1999 AND 2000
    • Private Laboratories Performing DNA Analysis
  • PRIVATE DNA LABORATORY AND KIT PROVIDER COMPANY PROFILES
    • Affymetrix, Inc.
    • Commonwealth Biotechnologies, Inc.
    • Invitrogen Corp.
    • nexttec GmbH Biotechnologie
    • Orchid Cellmark
    • Qiagen N.V.
    • Reliagene Technologies, Inc.
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Market Size (Continued)
  • TABLE 35 PROJECTED MARKET FOR U.S. FORENSIC DNA TESTING BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FUTURE ADVANCES IN DNA PROFILING
    • DNA Chip Technology
      • DNA Chip Technology (Continued)
      • General Improvements to the Front End of the Forensic DNA Analysis Process
      • Physical Separation of the Components of a Mixture
      • Body Fluid/Cell Type Identification and Characterization
      • Identification and/or Characterization of Genetic Markers
      • Improve Tools for Examining Aged, Degraded, Limited, Damaged, Inhibited, or Otherwise Compromised DNA Evidence
  • Species Differentiation
  • Novel Approaches for Genetic Profiling
  • Software Tools for Mixture Interpretation of DNA Data from Casework Samples
  • Automated Sperm Searches
• Chapter 3 - TECHNOLOGY
  • TECHNIQUES USED TO ANALYZE ORGANIC FORENSIC EVIDENCE
    • CHROMATOGRAPHY
      • Chromatography Description
      • Chromatography System Types Used in Forensics
        • Gas Chromatography (GC)
          • Gas Chromatography (GC) (Continued)
  • FIGURE 8 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
    • Headspace GC
    • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
    • Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC)
  • MASS SPECTROMETERS AND CHROMATOGRAPHY-HYPHENATED PRODUCTS
    • Mass Spectrometry
  • FIGURE 9 MASS SPECTROMETER
    • Hyphenated MS/ Chromatography Systems Used in Forensics
    • Hyphenated MS/ Chromatography (Continued)
  • FIGURE 10 HYPHENATED SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES
    • SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
    • UV/Visible Spectrophotometry
  • FIGURE 11 UV/VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
    • Infrared (IR) Spectrophotometry
  • FIGURE 12 PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF AN IR SPECTROMETER
    • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (FT-IR)
  • FIGURE 13 ELEMENTS OF AN FT-IR SPECTROMETER
    • IMMUNOASSAY
      • Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
      • Basic EIA
  • FIGURE 14 THE BASIC ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY (EIA) PROCESS
    • Alternative EIA Methods
      • Second-Antibody Precipitation Method
      • Double-Antibody Sandwich Method
      • Reverse-Sandwich Method
      • Reverse-Sandwich Inhibition Method
    • Immunoanalysis Instruments
  • TECHNIQUES USED TO ANALYZE INORGANIC FORENSIC EVIDENCE
    • EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
    • ATOMIC ABSORPTION (AA) SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
  • FIGURE 15 PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF AN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER
    • NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
  • TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE
    • GENERAL ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FORENSICS AND APPLICATIONS
      • Microscopes
        • Compound Microscopes
        • Comparison Microscopes
        • Stereoscopic Microscopes
        • Polarized Microscopes
        • Microspectrophotometers
        • Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs)
        • SERS Nanoprobe
      • FLUORESCENT LIGHT SOURCES
      • FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS
        • Drugfire
        • IBIS
      • DNA PROFILING
        • Extraction and Quantification of DNA and Suppliers
        • RFLP Method for DNA Profiling
        • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DNA Profiling
          • PCR vs. RFLP/Southern Analysis
          • The PCR Process
  • FIGURE 16 THE PCR PROCESS
    • PCR Systems Used in Forensic DNA Profiling and Their Suppliers
      • D1S80
      • DQA1 System
      • AmpliType Polymarker (PM) PCR Typing System
  • Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Typing
    • STR vs. RFLP and Previously-Described PCR Profiling Types
    • Description of STRs and the Profiling Procedure
    • STR Systems Used, Suppliers and the Status of STR Testing
    • Mitochondrial DNA Profiling
• Chapter 4 - OTHER FORENSICS SCIENCE MARKET SEGMENTS
  • THE MARKET FOR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
  • DIGITAL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY
  • TABLE 36 PRINCIPAL APPLICATION AREAS FOR UV-IR FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
    • THE KODAK DIGITAL SCIENCE DIGITAL DARKROOM
    • COST AND TIME SAVINGS WITH DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
  • CYBERCRIME AND COMPUTER EVIDENCE DISCOVERY
    • GOVERNMENT FORENSICS LABS INITIATIVES
  • TABLE 37RCFL PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS, 2003-2006
  • TABLE 38 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FUNDING FOR COMPUTER FORENSICS RESEARCH ($)
  • TABLE 38 (CONTINUED)
    • NEW FORENSIC TOOLS
  • TABLE 39 PDA FORENSIC TOOLS
    • Palm dd (pdd)
    • Pilot-Link
    • POSE
    • PDA Seizure
    • EnCase
    • Duplicate Disk (dd)
  • COMPUTER EVIDENCE COMPANY PROFILES
    • 7SAFE
    • ACR Data Recovery, Inc.
    • Center for Computer Forensics
    • Computer Forensics, Inc.
    • Computer Forensics International
    • Computer Forensics Labs, Inc. (CFL)
    • Computer Forensics Services (CFS)
    • Cyber Agents, Inc.
    • CyberEvidence, Inc.
    • CY4OR
    • Data Discovery
    • Data Recon, LLC
    • Digital Mountain, Inc.
    • Digitalmedix, Inc.
    • E-Fense, Inc.
    • Electronic Evidence Discovery (EED)
    • eMag Solutions, LLC
    • ESS Data Recovery, Inc.
    • Forensic Data Recovery Inc.
    • Flashback Data, LLC
    • ForenSec, Ltd.
    • Forensicon, Inc.
    • Global Digital Forensics
    • Great Scott Enterprises
    • Guidance Software, Inc.
    • i2, Inc.
    • IntaForensics, Ltd.
    • ISA Forensics, Inc.
    • Jackson & Jackson Computer Forensics
    • JDF Digital Forensics
    • Kroll Ontrack
    • LC Technology International, Inc.
    • Lightstone Solutions
    • LuciData, LLC
    • Mantech SMA
    • Midwest Data Group
    • New Technologies, Inc. (NTI) (a Division of Armor Forensics)
    • Norcross Group
    • Palmer Legal Technologies
    • Project Leadership Associates
    • Protiviti
    • Renew Data
    • Sapphire Technologies
    • Sector Forensics
    • Setec Investigations
    • Tunstall and Tunstall, Inc.
    • UBIC
      • UBIC
    • Vogon International Data Recovery
  • COMPUTER FORENSIC TOOLS
    • Forensic Accounting
    • Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)
      • Laboratory Information ý (Continued)
    • Bar Coding and Evidence Tracking
    • Examples of LIMS Systems
      • Forensic LIMS: Bard LIMS
      • Crime Fighter Beast
      • ForensicLIMS (FLLMS)
      • JusticeTrax LIMS-plus
      • KLMS-Forensics
      • LABLynx
      • Promadis CaseMan
      • StarFruit CrimeLab
      • StarLIMS
      • Forensic Palynology
      • POTENTIAL REVENUE FROM RELATED PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 40 ESTIMATED ANNUAL REVENUES FROM RELATED PRODUCTS, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Chapter 5 - PATENTS
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF PATENTS
    • EXAMINATION OF RECENTLY ISSUED PATENTS
  • TABLE 41 FORENSIC PATENTS BY CLASSIFICATION, JANUARY 2006 TO DECEMBER 2007
    • Length of Time from Filing to Approval
  • TABLE 42 LENGTH OF TIME FROM PATENT FILING TO APPROVAL
• Companies Receiving Patents
  • TABLE 43 RECENTLY ISSUED FORENSIC PATENTS BY INVENTOR/ASSIGNEE, SAMPLE DURING 2006-2007
    • SELECTED PATENT ABSTRACTS
      • MULTI-CHANNEL BIO-SEPARATION CARTRIDGE
      • ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND COMPONENT DEVICES FOR MACROSCOPIC AND
      • MICROSCOPIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL REACTION, ANALYSES, AND DIAGNOSTICS
      • METHOD FOR GENOTYPING POLYMORPHISMS IN HUMANS
      • COMPLEXITY MANAGEMENT OF GENOMIC DNA SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR GENOTYPING ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELIC IMBALANCE
      • DNA DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETRY
      • INTEGRATED PORTABLE BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SYSTEM
      • MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR CRACK COCAINE METABOLITES, A CELL LINE PRODUCING THE SAME, AND CRACK COCAINE CONJUGATES
      • PYROPHOSPHOROLYSIS AND INCORPORATION OF NUCLEOTIDE METHOD FOR NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION
      • MULTIPLEX AMPLIFICATION OF SHORT TANDEM REPEAT LOCI
      • ISOLATION OF NUCLEIC ACID
      • IMMUNOASSAY FOR LSD AND 2-OXO-3-HYDROXY-LSD
      • THERMOSTABLE OR THERMOACTIVE DNA POLYMERASE MOLECULES WITH ATTENUATED 3' -5' EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITY
      • LOOP PROBE HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY FOR POLYNUCLEOTIDE ANALYSIS
      • SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION METHOD
      • TOPOISOMERASE LINKER-MEDIATED AMPLIFICATION METHODS
      • ECSTASY-CLASS DERIVATIVES, IMMUNOGENS, AND ANTIBODIES AND THEIR USE IN DETECTING ECSTASY-CLASS DRUGS
      • AIR SAMPLING METHOD AND SENSOR SYSTEM FOR SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS
      • INTEGRATED NUCLEIC ACID DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE
      • METHOD FOR DNA MIXTURE ANALYSIS
      • ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND COMPOUND DEVICES FOR MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS, ANALYSES, AND DIAGNOSTICS
      • METHOD OF INDEXED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL INFORMATION
      • IMMUNOASSAY METHOD AND KIT
      • PORTABLE BULLET TRAP
      • DEPOSITING FLUID SPECIMENS FOR ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITED ARRAYS ON SUBSTRATES, RESULTING ORDERED ARRAYS, TECHNIQUES
      • BEAM ALIGNMENT IN A LOWER COLUMN OF A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OR THE LIKE
      • REDUCTION OF ABERRATIONS PRODUCED BY WIEN FILTER IN A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND THE LIKE
      • POLARIZED MATERIAL INSPECTION APPARATUS
      • MID-INFRARED SPECTROMETER ATTACHMENT TO LIGHT MICROSCOPES
      • SIMULTANEOUS ISOLATION AND QUANTITATION OF DNA
      • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FINGERPRINT DETECTION AND ANALYSIS
      • FLUID-FILTRATION RECEPTACLE WITH USER-VARIABLE SEMI-PERMEABLE DRAIN ASSEMBLY
      • MICROPLATE PROTECTIVE TRAY UNDERCOVER
      • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLE ELECTROSPRAY SAMPLE INTRODUCTION
      • METHOD FOR MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS OR REPETITIVE PCR PRODUCTS
      • DNA SAMPLE COLLECTION FOR IDENTIFICATION
      • ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER SYSTEM AND METHOD
      • DNA DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETRY
      • APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COMBINED CAPILLARY SEPARATION AND BLOTTING OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES DNA DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETRY
      • SOLID SUPPORT FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
      • MULTIPLEX AMPLIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED STR LOCI
      • METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES IN CDNA AND GENOMIC DNA
      • DNA DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETRY
• Chapter 6 - APPENDIX
  • COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION AND PRODUCT FOCUS MATRIX
  • TABLE 44 KEY COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION
    • AND PRODUCT FOCUS MATRIX
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
    • DNA DATA BANK LAWS BY STATE IN EFFECT AS OF SEPTEMBER 2007 (COLLECTED BY THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES)
  • TABLE 45 STATUS OF STATE LAWS ON DNA DATABANKS (CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH SAMPLES ARE REQUIRED)
  • TABLE 45 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 45 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 45 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 45 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 45 (CONTINUED)
    • KEY PROVISIONS OF STATE DNA LAWS
      • Alaska HB 49
      • Arizona HB 2021 B
      • Arkansas HB 1074 B
      • Arkansas HB 2310 B
      • California AB 898 B
      • Colorado SB 164 B
      • Connecticut H 5022 B
      • Delaware SB 38 B
      • Florida SB 1648 B
      • Georgia S 119 B
      • Illinois SB 280 B
      • Louisiana SB 295 B
      • Louisiana SB 346 B
      • Louisiana SB 522 B
      • Maine H 300 b
      • Maryland SB 363 B
      • Michigan HB 4746 B
      • Michigan SB 444 B
      • Minnesota SB 239 B
      • Minnesota SB 942 B
      • Mississippi SB 2348 B
      • Montana SB 183 B
      • Nevada A 55 B
      • Nevada AB 16 B
      • New Jersey AB 2617 B
      • New Hampshire H 215 B
      • New Mexico SB 184 B
      • North Carolina HB 79 B
      • North Dakota HB 1235 B
      • Ohio SB 11 B
      • Oklahoma HB 1802 B
      • South Dakota SB 184 B
      • Texas H 2703 B
      • Texas H 562 B
      • Texas HB 2703 B
      • Utah SB 116 B
      • Utah HB 107 B
      • Virginia H 2661 B
      • Washington HB 1391 B
  • PARTIAL LISTING OF PRINCIPAL FORENSIC CRIME LABORATORIES IN THE UNITED STATES
    • ALABAMA
      • Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences
    • ALASKA
      • Alaska State Crime Laboratory
    • ARIZONA
      • Arizona Department of Public Safety
      • Tucson Police Dept.
      • Mesa Police Dept.
      • Phoenix Police Dept.
      • Scottsdale Police Dept.
    • ARKANSAS
      • Arkansas State Crime Laboratory
    • CALIFORNIA
      • State Police Laboratory
      • Orange County Sheriff-Coroner/Forensic Science Services
      • San Bernardino County Sheriff' s Dept.
      • University of California
      • California Department of Justice
      • Office of the Sheriff
      • Oakland Police Dept.
      • California Department of Justice
      • California Department of Justice
      • Fresno Regional Laboratory
      • Alameda County Sheriff' s Office
      • Los Angeles County Sheriff' s Dept.
      • San Diego PD
      • Sheriff' s Crime Laboratory
      • District Attorney' s Office
      • San Francisco PD
      • Forensic Services Division
      • Kern County Crime Lab
      • Sacramento County DA Crime Lab
      • San Mateo County Crime Lab
      • Santa Clara DA
      • Ventura Crime Lab
      • California Department of Justice
      • California Department of Justice
      • Huntington Beach Police Dept.
      • Los Angeles Police Dept.
    • COLORADO
      • Department of Justice
      • Colorado Bureau of Investigation
      • Denver Police Dept
    • CONNECTICUT
      • Connecticut State Police
    • DELAWARE
      • Office of the Chief Medical Examiner
      • Delaware State Police Crime Lab
    • FLORIDA
      • Broward County Sheriff' s Office
      • Manatee County Sheriff' s Office
      • Miami-Dade Police Forensic Laboratory
      • Palm Beach Sheriff' s Office
      • Florida Department of Law Enforcement
      • Palm Beach County
      • Florida Department of Law Enforcement Crime Lab
      • Regional Crime Lab @ IRCC
    • GEORGIA
      • Georgia Bureau of Investigation
      • GBI Western Regional Crime Lab
      • U. S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory (USACIL)
    • HAWAII
      • Honolulu PD (CODIS)
    • IDAHO
      • Idaho State Police Forensic Services
    • ILLINOIS
      • Rockford Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Forensic Science Center at Chicago
      • Westchester Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Joliet Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Morton Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Springfield Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Metro-East Forensic Science Laboratory
      • DuPont County Sheriff' s Office
      • Northern Illinois Sheriff' s Office
      • Southern Illinois Forensic Science Centre
      • Illinois State Police
    • INDIANA
      • Indianapolis-Marion County
      • Indiana State Police
      • Johnson County Sheriff' s Office
    • IOWA
      • Criminalistics Laboratory, Division of Criminal Investigation, Iowa State
      • Iowa Department of Public Safety
    • KANSAS
      • Kansas Bureau of Investigation
      • Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center
      • Kansas City Police Dept.
    • KENTUCKY
      • Kentucky State Police
      • Western Regional Forensic Laboratory
      • Jefferson Regional Forensic Laboratory
      • Northern Regional Forensic Laboratory
      • Eastern Regional Forensic Laboratory
      • Southeastern Regional Forensic Laboratory
    • LOUISIANA
      • South West Louisiana Criminalistic Laboratory
      • Acadiana Criminalistics Laboratory
      • Crime Laboratory
      • North Louisiana Crime Laboratory
      • New Orleans PD
    • MAINE
      • Maine State Police Crime Laboratory
    • MARYLAND
      • DOD DNA Registry
      • Maryland State Police
      • Baltimore City PD
      • Baltimore County PD
      • Montgomery County PD
      • Anne Arundel County PD
      • Prince George' s County PD
      • Prince George' s County Police Dept.
    • MASSACHUSETTS
      • Massachusetts Department of Public Safety
      • Boston PD
    • MINNESOTA
      • The BCA Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Crime Laboratory, Saint Paul Police, MN
      • Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension
    • MISSISSIPPI
      • The Mississippi Crime Laboratory (MCL) System
    • MICHIGAN
      • Oakland County Sheriff' s Dept.
      • Michigan State Police
      • Detroit PD
    • MISSOURI
      • Missouri State Police
      • Southeast Missouri Regional Crime Lab
      • St. Louis Metropolitan Police Dept.
      • St. Louis County PD
      • Kansas City Police
      • Missouri State Highway Patrol
      • St. Charles Co. Sheriff' s Dept.
    • MONTANA
      • Montana Department of Justice
    • NEBRASKA
      • The Nebraska State Patrol Crime Lab
    • NEVADA
      • Washoe Co. Sheriff Forensic Science Division
      • Las Vegas Metropolitan PD Forensic Lab
      • Nevada Department of Public Safety
    • NEW HAMPSHIRE
      • New Hampshire State Police
    • NEW JERSEY
      • New Jersey State Police
      • New Jersey State Police Forensic Science Laboratory Bureau
      • Burlington County Crime Laboratory
      • Cape May County Prosecutor' s Office
      • Hudson County Prosecutor' s Office
      • New Jersey State Police
      • Ocean County Sheriff' s Dept.
      • Union County Prosecutor' s Office
      • Newark Police Dept.
    • NEW MEXICO
      • The New Mexico Department of Public Safety Crime Laboratory
      • Southern Crime Lab
      • Albuquerque PD (CODIS)
      • Department of Public Safety
    • NEW YORK
      • Yonkers Police Dept.
      • New York State Police: Western Regional Crime Laboratory
      • New York State Police: Southern Tier Regional Crime Laboratory
      • NYC-Office of the Chief Medical Examiner
      • New York State Police
      • Erie County Forensic Laboratory
      • Niagara County Sheriff' s Department Forensic Laboratory
      • Office of Chief Medical Examiner
      • Suffolk County Crime Laboratory
      • Westchester County
      • Onandaga County
      • Monroe County Laboratory
      • Nassau County ME
      • New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services
    • NORTH CAROLINA
      • North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation Crime Laboratory
      • Charlotte-Mecklenburg
      • NORTH DAKOTA
      • North Dakota Crime Laboratory
      • State Crime Lab
    • OHIO
      • Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory
      • Hamilton County Coroner' s Office
      • Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification & Investigation
      • Ohio Attorney General' s Office
      • Ohio Department of Public Safety
      • Cuyahoga County Coroner' s Office
      • Lake County
      • Mansfield PD
    • OKLAHOMA
      • Criminalistics Services
      • Central Latent Evidence Laboratory
      • Lawton Regional Laboratory
      • Tahlequah Regional Laboratory
      • Central Laboratory
      • Enid Regional Laboratory
      • McAlester Regional Laboratory
      • Tulsa Police Dept.
    • OREGON
      • Oregon State Police Laboratory
      • Oregon State Forensic Services Div.
      • Washington County Sheriff' s Office Forensic Science Unit
    • PENNSYLVANIA
      • The Forensic Identification Unit
      • Pennsylvania State Police
      • Allegheny County Crime Lab
      • Philadelphia PD
      • RHODE ISLAND
      • The Rhode Island State Crime Laboratory
      • Rhode Island Department of Health
    • SOUTH CAROLINA
      • South Carolina Law Enforcement Div.
      • Richland County
      • Orangeburg PD
      • Administrative Bureau of Charleston Police Dept.
    • SOUTH DAKOTA
      • South Dakota Division of Criminal Investigation
    • TENNESSEE
      • Tennessee Bureau of Investigation
      • Forensic Sciences Center
    • TEXAS
      • Texas Department of Public Safety
      • Texas Dept. of Public Safety
      • The Bexar County Forensic Toxicology Laboratory (FTL)
      • Houston PD
      • Southwest Institute of Forensic Science
      • Texas DPS
      • Harris County Medical Examiner' s Office
      • Tarrant County ME
      • Fort Worth Police Dept.
    • UTAH
      • Utah Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Forensic Services
    • VERMONT
      • Vermont Forensic Laboratory
    • VIRGINIA
      • Commonwealth of Virginia
      • Virginia Division of Forensic Science
    • WASHINGTON
      • Washington State Patrol
      • Washington State Patrol
    • WASHINGTON, DC
      • FBI Laboratory
      • National Institute of Justice
      • Washington Metro Police
    • WEST VIRGINIA
      • Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, North Central Region
      • West Virginia State Police
      • Marshall University
    • WISCONSIN
      • The Wisconsin Crime Lab System
      • State Crime Lab
    • WYOMING
      • Wyoming State Crime Laboratory
      • Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation
    • SELECT FORENSIC CONSULTING FIRMS
      • AMERICAN MEDICAL FORENSIC SPECIALISTS, INC.
      • CMR FORENSIC CONSULTANTS
      • FORENSIC ANALYTICAL SPECIALTIES, INC.
      • FORENSIC SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
      • FTI CONSULTING, INC.
      • GEORGE SLACK AND PRITZKER FORENSIC ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
      • ROBERT F. JENNINGS FORENSIC SERVICES
      • ROBSON FORENSIC, INC.
      • RUHL FORENSIC, INC.