Air Pollution Control Technologies for Coal Fired Power Plants

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
• AUDIENCE FOR THE REPORT
• SCOPE AND FORMAT
• METHODOLOGY
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS
• RELATED BCC REPORTS
• BCC ONLINE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• MARKET FORECASTS

COAL-BASED POWER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

• COAL OVERVIEW
• ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
• UTILITY POWER PRODUCERS
• NONUTILITY POWER PRODUCERS
• ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• ELECTRICITY-GENERATING CAPABILITY
• ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY DEREGULATION
• STRANDED COSTS
• POWER MARKETERS
• NONUTILITIES AND DEREGULATION
• DEREGULATION AND CAPACITY GROWTH
• DEREGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
• INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES IN THE COAL-BASED ELECTRIC-GENERATION INDUSTRY
• STEAM TURBINE GENERATION
• Tangentially-Fired
• Wall Fired
• Single Wall
• Opposed Wall
• Cell Burner
• Vertically Fired
• Cyclone Fired
• Stoker Fired
• Fluidized-Bed Combustors
• Atmospheric Fluidized Bed
• Bubbling AFBC
• Circulating AFBC
• Pressurized FBC
• INTEGRATED COAL-GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE (IGCC)
• COGENERATION SYSTEMS
• COAL PROCESSING
• REGULATIONS
• CLEAN AIR ACT AND AMENDMENTS OF 1990 (CAAA)
• Acid Rain Program
• SO2 Reduction Program
• Nox Reduction Program
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• New Source Review and New Source Performance Standards
• Title I Nox Requirements
• Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) Nox Budget Program
• Nox SIP Call
• Section 126 Petitions
• SIP Call and Section 126 Petition Litigation Status
• National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
• Regional Haze
• RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)
• EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA)
• NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA)
• PUBLIC UTILITY REGULATORY POLICIES ACT (PURPA)
• ENERGY POLICY ACT (EPACT)
• FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMISSION (FERC) ORDERS 888 AND 889
• CURRENT REGULATORY ISSUES
• Legislative Proposals for Multipollutant Control
• New Source Review
• POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

AIR EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH COAL-BASED SYSTEMS

• EMISSIONS DATA
• SULFUR DIOXIDE
• NITROGEN OXIDES
• PARTICULATE MATTER
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• AIR TOXICS
• AIR POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES
• SO2 CONTROL STRATEGIES
• Nox-CONTROL STRATEGIES
• PARTICULATE-CONTROL STRATEGIES
• VOLUNTARY REPORTING OF GREENHOUSE GASES

AIR EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES

• FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
• WET FGD
• DRY SORBENT INJECTION (DSI)
• PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID
• Nox EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGIES
• COMBUSTION MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR Nox
• Operational Modifications and Optimization
• Overfire Air
• Low-Nox Burners
• Reburn and Gas Cofiring
• Combined Combustion Controls
• POST-COMBUSTION Nox CONTROLS
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Selective Noncatalytic Reduction (SNCR)
• ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
• DRY ESP
• WET ESP
• MEMBRANE ESP
• FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES)
• SHAKER-TYPE
• PULSE-JET CLEANED
• REVERSE AIR
• MULTIPOLLUTANT CONTROL SYSTEMS
• MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
• DRY PARTICULATE MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
• MERCURY CONTROL WITH WET FGD
• MERCURY OXIDATION
• CARBON SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES
• CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATION AND CAPTURE
• SEQUESTRATION IN THE OCEANS
• SEQUESTRATION IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
• SEQUESTRATION IN GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS
• ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
• COAL PROCESSING AND CONVERSION
• ADVANCED POWER-GENERATING TECHNOLOGIES
• PULVERIZED COAL PLANTS
• LOW-EMISSION BOILER SYSTEM
• FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
• Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion
• Bubbling-Bed Demonstration
• Circulating PFBC Technology
• Advanced APFBC Generation
• INTEGRATED-GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE
• OTHER ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES
• Transport Reactor
• Healy Clean Coal Technology

FUTURE TRENDS

• ELECTRICITY DEMANDS
• FUEL PRICES AND AVAILABILITY
• NEW COAL-FIRED CAPACITY
• MARKET PROJECTION
• FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBER) PROJECTIONS
• MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR Nox CONTROLS
• Market Projections for Combustion Nox Controls
• Market Projection for Post-Combustion Nox Controls
• MARKET PROJECTION FOR PARTICULATE AND MERCURY CONTROL

COMPANY PROFILES

• ADA ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
• ALSTOM POWER
• BABCOCK AND WILCOX
• BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING CO.
• CORMETECH, INC.
• CROLL-REYNOLDS CLEAN AIR TECHNOLOGY
• ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
• ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS CORP.
• FOSTER-WHEELER POWER SYSTEMS, INC.
• FUEL TECH
• GE POWER SYSTEMS
• HAMON RESEARCH-COTTRELL, INC.
• KELLOGG BROWN AND ROOT
• PARSONS ENERGY & CHEMICALS GROUP
• RJM CORP.
• SARGENT & LUNDY, LLC
• WAHLCO, INC.

PATENTS

• FGD TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
• Nox-CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
• PARTICULATE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
• OTHER EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

APPENDIX B CONTACT/PRODUCT INFORMATION

LIST OF TABLES

• SUMMARY TABLE:
  U.S. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST, THROUGH 2006
• 1 U.S. NET GENERATION BY ENERGY SOURCE AND SECTOR, 2000 AND 2001
• 2 U.S. ELECTRICITY GENERATING CAPABILITY BY FUEL SOURCE AND SECTOR, 1999 AND 2000
• 3 CAPABILITY ADDITIONS AT U.S. ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS BY SECTOR AND ENERGY SOURCE, 1999 AND 2000
• 4 CAPABILITY RETIREMENTS AT U.S. ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS BY ENERGY SOURCE, 1999 AND 2000
• 5 CAA MILESTONES, 1999 - 2006
• 6 TITLE IV COAL-FIRED BOILER Nox EMISSION LIMITS
• 7 NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
• 8 RECENT LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS FOR MULTIPOLLUTANT CONTROL, 1999
• 9 COAL-FIRED SO2 EMISSIONS, BY STATE, THROUGH 2001
• 10 COAL-FIRED Nox EMISSIONS, BY STATE, THROUGH 2000
• 11 COAL-FIRED CO2 EMISSIONS, BY STATE, THROUGH 2001
• 12 COAL-FIRED UTILITY MERCURY EMISSION RATES, BY NERC REGION, 1998
• 13 MERCURY EMISSIONS, BY STATE, 1999
• 14 NUMBER AND CAPACITY OF COAL-FIRED STEAM-ELECTRIC GENERATORS FOR U.S. ELECTRIC PLANTS WITH SCRUBBERS, BY CENSUS DIVISION, 1998 AND 1999
• 15 PHASE I Nox-REDUCTION COMPLIANCE CHOICES
• 16 COMPLIANCE OPTIONS CHOSEN IN 2000
• 17 NUMBER AND CAPACITY OF COAL-FIRED STEAM-ELECTRIC GENERATORS FOR U.S. ELECTRIC PLANTS WITH PARTICULATE COLLECTORS, BY CENSUS DIVISION, 1998 AND 1999
• 18 EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEMS
• 19 FGD COSTS
• 20 EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBUSTION MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
• 21 COMBUSTION Nox CONTROL COSTS
• 22 EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
• 23 EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
• 24 POST-COMBUSTION Nox TECHNOLOGY COSTS
• 25 EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
• 26 EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPOLLUTANT CONTROL SYSTEMS
• 27 MULTIPOLLUTANT CONTROL SYSTEM COSTS
• 28 EFFECTIVENESS OF MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
• 29 MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY COSTS
• 30 EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVANCED POWER-GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
• 31 ADVANCED POWER-GENERATING SYSTEM COSTS
• 32 MARKET PROJECTION SCENARIOS
• 33 UNIT COSTS USED IN MARKET PROJECTION MODEL, 2001
• 34 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST, THROUGH 2006
• 35 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST FOR REFERENCE CASE, THROUGH 2006
• 36 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBERS), THROUGH 2006
• 37 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBERS), CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 38 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBERS), SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 39 MARKET PROJECTION FOR COMBUSTION Nox CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2006
• 40 MARKET PROJECTION FOR Nox CONTROL COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 41 MARKET PROJECTION FOR Nox CONTROL COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 42 MARKET PROJECTION FOR Nox BURNERS, THROUGH 2006
• 43 MARKET PROJECTION FOR OVERFIRE AIR, THROUGH 2006
• 44 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION, THROUGH 2006
• 45 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION, CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 46 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION, SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 47 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION, THROUGH 2006
• 48 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION, CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 49 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION, SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 50 MARKET PROJECTION FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS, THROUGH 2006
• 51 MARKET PROJECTION FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS, CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 52 MARKET PROJECTION FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS, SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 53 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES), THROUGH 2006
• 54 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES), CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 55 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES), SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 56 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SPRAY COOLERS, THROUGH 2006
• 57 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SPRAY COOLERS, CAPACITY, THROUGH 2006
• 58 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SPRAY COOLERS, SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006
• 59 MARKET PROJECTION FOR MERCURY CONTROLS, 2005 AND 2006
• 60 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PATENTS FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, 1995 - 2001
• 61 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS BY PATENT TYPE, 1995 - 2001
• 62 FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBER) PATENTS
• 63 Nox-CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY AND PATENT TYPE, 1995 - 2001
• 64 LOW-Nox BURNER PATENTS
• 65 OTHER COMBUSTION PROCESS AND MODIFICATION PATENTS
• 66 SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION PATENTS
• 67 SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION PATENTS
• 68 COMBINED SCR/SNCR PATENTS
• 69 OTHER POST-COMBUSTION Nox REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
• 70 PARTICULATE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, BY TECHNOLOGY AND PATENT TYPE, 1995 - 2001
• 71 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR PATENTS
• 72 FABRIC FILTER (BAGHOUSE) PATENTS
• 73 FLUE GAS CONDITIONING PATENTS
• 74 OTHER EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, BY TECHNOLOGY AND PATENT TYPE, 1995 - 2001
• 75 MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, THROUGH 2001
• 76 MULTIPOLLUTANT TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, THROUGH 2001
• 77 CO2 REDUCTION AND SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, THROUGH 2001

LIST OF FIGURES

• SUMMARY FIGURE:
  U.S. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST, 2001 - 2006
• 1 ELECTRICITY GENERATION, BY FUEL SOURCE, 2000
• 2 LOCATION OF PLANTS AFFECTED BY ACID RAIN PROGRAM
• 3 STATE SO2 LEVELS SINCE 1980
• 4 STATE Nox LEVELS, THROUGH 1999
• 5 COST COMPETITIVENESS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
• 6 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST, 2001 - 2006
• 7 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, MARKET FORECAST FOR REFERENCE CASE, 2001 - 2006
• 8 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (SCRUBBERS), 2001 - 2006
• 9 MARKET PROJECTION FOR COMBUSTION Nox CONTROLS TECHNOLOGIES, 2001 - 2006
• 10 MARKET PROJECTION FOR Nox BURNERS, 2001 - 2006
• 11 MARKET PROJECTION FOR OVERFIRE AIR, 2001 - 2006
• 12 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION, 2001 - 2006
• 13 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SELECTIVE NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION, 2001 - 2006
• 14 MARKET PROJECTION FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS, 2001 - 2006
• 15 MARKET PROJECTION FOR FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES), 2001 - 2006
• 16 MARKET PROJECTION FOR SPRAY COOLERS, 2001 - 2006
• 17 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PATENTS FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, 1995 - 2001
• 18 Nox-REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS, BY SUBTYPE, 1995 - 2001
• 19 PARTICULATE CONTROL PATENTS, 1995 - 2001