Abstract
In 2006, the gross generated energy in China has reached 2755.7 billion KWH,
which has increased by 13.67% as compared with 2005, while the generated
energy of hydropower has reached 378.3 billion KWH, which has increased by 3.5
0% as compared with the same period last year. The proportion of hydropower
in the gross generated energy was 13.7% in 2006, which has dropped by 1.5%
than 2005. The pace of construction of hydropower station is evidently behind
with the average progress of power construction all over the country. The
total amount of new generating sets put into service in 2006 was 101,170 MW,
which has exceeded the generally prospected amount of 90,000 MW. The gross
installed generating capacity at the end of 2006 has reached 622,000 MW that
has increased by 20.3% as compared with the same period of last year, which
has hit an all-time high in the annual growth. As for the composition of
power source, the percentage of thermal power was 77.8 % that has increased by
2.1 percentage points; the percentage of hydropower was 20.7 %, which has
dropped by 2.0 percentage points, and this was the result of pursuing the
improvement of supply capability steadily and fast in a short time under the
condition of electric power shortage. The average exploitation level of
hydropower in developed countries is above 60%. Among the countries, the
percentage of exploited hydroelectric resource is about 82% in the USA, 84% in
Japan and 65% in Canada. Comparing with these countries, the hydroelectric
development in our country is still at a comparatively low level, and still
has great development potential.
At present, the installed generation capacity of hydropower all over the world
is about 800 million KW, which meets 20% of the global electricity
requirement. The development and utilization of hydro energy resource has
made significant contributions for the human civilization and social progress.
China is relatively rich in Hydro energy resource, of which the installed
generation capacity available for exploitation exceeds 400 million KW, and the
annual energy output is more than 1700 billion KWH, so hydro energy resource
is an important energy resource in China. The potential hydropower resource
in our country comes first in the world. In accordance with the re-check
result of hydropower resource in 2003, the amount of rivers of which the
potential hydro energy is above 1,000 KW was 33,886 in our country (mainland).
The theoretical potential hydropower resource was 6080 billion KWH of annual
quantity of electricity with an average power of 694 million KW, which makes
up about 1/6 of the quantity of electricity all over the world. The 542
million KW of technical development capacity available has made up 78.1% of
the average power, and the 2470 billion KWH of annual energy output has made
up 40.6 % of theoretical potential quantity of electricity. Therefore, the
development of hydropower industry in our country has a great geographical
advantage.
Emphasize on the exploitation of resources in the west part of China.
According to the relevant information, the amount of hydropower resource
available for development and utilization in our country can reach 37.8
billion KW, which come first in the world. Southwest China is very rich in
hydropower resource, and 68% of the total amount of hydropower resource
available for exploitation concentrates in this region, of which the ratio of
resource developed and used is less than 10% now. The exploitation of
hydropower resource in the southwest may promote the development of the
relevant industries of communication, cement, steel product, electromechanical
etc. The positive and steady implementation of the plan of "Transport the
Electricity from the West to the East" may optimize the power utilization
structure in the East and improve the regional ecological environment, while
offering the electricity required by the development of the East.
In accordance with the preliminary planning, by the year of 2020, the a mount
of installed generation capacity of hydropower all over the country will reach
270 million KW, which accounts for 29% of the installed gross capacity of
electric power, and the hydroelectric development level will reach 68%. The
the direct benefit of power generation is equivalent to the saving of 420
million ton of standard coal equivalent. The reduction is 1.17 billion ton of
CO2, 7.5 million ton of sulfur dioxide and other kinds of harmful gas. It
will play an important role in the reduction of global air pollution and
greenhouse effect and makes great environmental benefit. Hydropower
construction may also take account of the comprehensive benefit of flood
prevention, irrigation and transportation etc., and at the same time, it also
will make the social benefit of the promotion of economic growth and social
development, and the poverty alleviation. Therefore, the hydropower industry
has a great long-term potential and is favored by lots of investment
institutions.
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