Abstract
Introduction
The first inhaled formulation of rapid-acting insulin, Pfi zer' s Exubera, has
just reached the market. Several other inhaled insulins are now in late-stage
development. This technology is likely to impact the insulin market signifi
cantly, adding new players and potentially changing medical practice by
lowering current barriers to initiation of insulin therapy.
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The long-term success of inhaled insulins will depend on third-party payer
reimbursement policies, long-term safety data, and perceived convenience for
the patient. What will provide emerging agents with a decisive competitive
advantage? Including Exubera, which emerging inhaled insulin appears to have
an edge in patient convenience?
Third-party payers are increasingly
establishing policies that seek to contain the rising costs of health care.
How have reimbursement policy makers responded to the availability of
inhaled insulin? Aside from cost, what are the perceived disadvantages of
inhaled insulins compared with injectable insulins?
Exubera will reap some
benefi t from being the fi rst agent on the market, but the novelty of the
technology will require Pfi zer to expend signifi cant resources to educate
physicians and patients on its benefi ts. How important is Exubera to Pfi
zer? Will Exubera be able to maintain its market advantage as competitors
enter a market prepared for them by Pfi zer' s awareness campaign? Which
inhaled insulin systems now in development will pose the greatest challenge to
Exubera?