Mobile Positioning in GSM Networks

Table of Contents

Introduction to Positioning

• Quality of Service
• LCS Procedures
• General Network Procedures
• GSM Positioning Methods
• 3G Positioning Methods

LCS Architecture

• Logical Reference Model
• Generic LCS Logical Architecture
• GSM LCS Reference Model
• GERAN/UTRAN Architecture
• Functional LCS Architecture in GERAN
• UTRAN Positioning Architecture
• External LCS Client
• GatewayMobile Location Center (GMLC)
• Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC)
• Location Measurement Unit (LMU)
• Service Control Function (gsmSCF)

Positioning Methods Overview

• UE-based vs. UE-assisted
• Cell ID and TA/RTT
• Time of Arrival Methods
• Angle of Arrival Methods
• Hybrid Methods: E-OTD
• Global Positioning System
• Summary and Evaluation of Methods

Security and Privacy

• Security
• Privacy
• MS Privacy Options
• Privacy Override Indicator (POI)
• LCS Subscription Data
• LCS Client Data
• Special Cases: Emergency Services
• Special Cases: Lawful Intercept

LCS Network Infrastructure

• GSM LCS Reference Model

Network Element Function

• GMLC
• SMLC
• LMU
• gsmSCF
• HLR
• MSC/VLR
• BSC
• BTS
• LMU Type A
• LMU Type B

Network Element Interfaces

• Le
• Lc
• Lg
• Lh
• Ls
• Lp
• Lb
• A
• Abis
• Um

Cell ID

MS/UE States CGI, LAI, SAI, URA Differences in Cell ID GSM vs. UMTS UE in Soft-handover (WCDMA)

Cell ID Procedures

• TA Positioning Procedures for NSS SMLC
• TA Positioning for BSS SMLC

E-OTD/OTDOA

• Analysis of DL-TDOA
• OTD, RTD, and GTD
• Hyperbolic Type Location
• Idle Period Downlink (IPDL)

E-OTD/OTDOA Procedures

• Positioning of BSS SMLC
• Positioning of NSS SMLC
• Assistance Data Delivery from BSS SMLC
• Assistance Data Delivery from NSS SMLC

A-GPS

• Introduction to GPS -- DGPS
• GPS Navigational Signal GPS vs. A-GPS
• Assistance Data in GPS
• A-GPS Procedure
• UE-based/UE-assisted A-GPS
• Other Satellite-based Positioning Systems

Emergency Services

• GSM NA -- FCC E-911
• Phase II
• J-STD-036-A
• GSM CGALIES