Seed Treatments: Trends and Opportunities

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 THE GLOBAL SEED INDUSTRY

• 1.1 The global seed market
• 1.2 Main seed companies
  • 1.2.1 Monsanto
  • 1.2.2 DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International
  • 1.2.3 Syngenta
  • 1.2.4 Limagrain
  • 1.2.5 KWS
  • 1.2.6 Bayer
  • 1.2.7 Takii
  • 1.2.8 Delta and Pine Land
  • 1.2.9 DLF-Trifolium
  • 1.2.10 Sakata
• 1.3 Types of seed
  • 1.3.1 Farm-saved seed
  • 1.3.2 Seed supplied commercially
    • 1.3.2.1 Conventional breeding
    • 1.3.2.2 GM plants
    • 1.3.2.3 Stages in seed production
    • 1.3.2.4 Seed certification
    • . . . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
    • . . . Association of Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA)
• 1.4 Seed testing

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO SEED TREATMENTS

• 2.1 The origins of seed treatments
• 2.2 Types of control provided by seed treatments
  • 2.2.1 Seed disinfestation
  • 2.2.2 Seed disinfection
  • 2.2.3 Seed protection
• 2.3 Seed treatment requirements
• 2.4 Size of the seed treatment market
• 2.5 Factors influencing the decision to treat seed
• 2.6 Advantages of seed treatment and seed enhancement
  • 2.6.1 Advantages of seed treatment versus soil or foliar treatments
  • 2.6.2 Advantages to the grower
  • 2.6.3 Advantages to the seed treater/dealer/distributor
  • 2.6.4 Advantages to crop protection companies
  • 2.6.5 Advantages to seed treatment companies
• 2.7 Disadvantages of seed treatment
  • 2.7.1 Disadvantages to the grower
  • 2.7.2 Disadvantages to the seed company and retail supplier
• 2.8 Commercial versus on-farm treatments
  • 2.8.1 Seed company treatments
  • 2.8.2 Retail and on-farm treatments
  • 2.8.3 Need for increasingly sophisticated equipment
• 2.9 Product registration
  • 2.9.1 US
  • 2.9.2 EU
• 2.10 Industry guidelines

CHAPTER 3 FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

• 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.1.1 Seed treatment to control pests and diseases
  • 3.1.2 Seed treatment to improve growth
• 3.2 Seed dressing/treatment
  • 3.2.1 Dusts
  • 3.2.2 Slurries
  • 3.2.3 Liquid applications
  • 3.2.4 Specific seed treatment formulations
• 3.3 Functional seed treatment or enhancement
  • 3.3.1 Conditioning
  • 3.3.2 Priming
    • 3.3.2.1 Advantages of priming
    • 3.3.2.2 Priming techniques
  • 3.3.3 Pelleting
  • 3.3.4 Seed coatings
  • 3.3.5 Colourants
• 3.4 Seed treatment application equipment
• 3.5 Commercial seed treatment systems
  • 3.5.1 Continuous systems
  • 3.5.2 Batch coaters
• 3.6 On-farm treatment

CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF SEED TREATMENT

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Fungicides
  • 4.2.1 Azoxystrobin
  • 4.2.2 Benalaxyl
  • 4.2.3 Benomyl
  • 4.2.4 Bitertanol
  • 4.2.5 Captan
  • 4.2.6 Carbendazim
  • 4.2.7 Carboxin
  • 4.2.8 Carpropamid
  • 4.2.9 Chloroneb
  • 4.2.10 Cymoxanil
  • 4.2.11 Cyprodinil
  • 4.2.12 Difenoconazole
  • 4.2.13 Diniconazole
  • 4.2.14 Fenpiclonil
  • 4.2.15 Fludioxonil
  • 4.2.16 Fluoxastrobin
  • 4.2.17 Fluquinconazole
  • 4.2.18 Flutolanil
  • 4.2.19 Flutriafol
  • 4.2.20 Fosetyl-aluminium
  • 4.2.21 Fuberidazole
  • 4.2.22 Guazatine
  • 4.2.23 Hexaconazole
  • 4.2.24 Hymexazol
  • 4.2.25 Imazalil
  • 4.2.26 Imibenconazole
  • 4.2.27 Iminoctadine-triacetate
  • 4.2.28 Ipconazole
  • 4.2.29 Iprodione
  • 4.2.30 Mancozeb
  • 4.2.31 Maneb
  • 4.2.32 Metalaxyl
  • 4.2.33 Metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam)
  • 4.2.34 Metconazole
  • 4.2.35 Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB, quintozene)
  • 4.2.36 Pefurazoate
  • 4.2.37 Pencycuron
  • 4.2.38 Prochloraz
  • 4.2.39 Prothioconazole
  • 4.2.40 Pyrimethanil
  • 4.2.41 Silthiofam
  • 4.2.42 Simeconazole
  • 4.2.43 Tebuconazole
  • 4.2.44 Tetraconazole
  • 4.2.45 Thiabendazole
  • 4.2.46 Thiophanate-methyl
  • 4.2.47 Thiram
  • 4.2.48 Tolclofos-methyl
  • 4.2.49 Triadimenol
  • 4.2.50 Triazoxide
  • 4.2.51 Trifloxystrobin
  • 4.2.52 Triflumizole
  • 4.2.53 Triticonazole
• 4.3 Insecticides
  • 4.3.1 Acephate
  • 4.3.2 Acetamiprid
  • 4.3.3 Benfuracarb
  • 4.3.4 Bifenthrin
  • 4.3.5 Carbofuran
  • 4.3.6 Carbosulfan
  • 4.3.7 Chlorfenvinphos
  • 4.3.8 Chlorpyrifos
  • 4.3.9 Clothianidin
  • 4.3.10 Ethiprole
  • 4.3.11 Fipronil
  • 4.3.12 Imidacloprid
  • 4.3.13 Lindane
  • 4.3.14 Methiocarb
  • 4.3.15 Tefluthrin
  • 4.3.16 Thiacloprid
  • 4.3.17 Thiamethoxam
  • 4.3.18 Thiodicarb
• 4.4 Insecticide/fungicide combinations
• 4.5 Herbicides
• 4.6 Bird and animal repellents
• 4.7 Herbicide safeners
• 4.8 PGRs
• 4.9 Biological control agents
  • 4.9.1 Bacillus subtilis
  • 4.9.1.1 Bacillus pumilus
  • 4.9.2 Cedomon (Pseudomonas chloraphis)
  • 4.9.3 Mycostop (Streptomyces griseoviridis)
  • 4.9.4 Ecohope (Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1)
  • 4.9.5 T-22 Planter Box (Trichoderma harzianum)
• 4.10 Plant nutrients
• 4.11 Inoculants and Rhizobia
  • 4.11.1 Background
  • 4.11.2 Inoculants and chemical seed treatments

CHAPTER 5 SEED TREATMENTS BY CROP

• 5.1 Major crops
• 5.2 Seed treatment by crop
• 5.3 Growth in GM crops
• 5.4 Cereals
  • 5.4.1 Wheat
  • 5.4.2 Barley
• 5.5 Cotton
• 5.6 Maize
• 5.7 Oilseeds
  • 5.7.1 Soybeans
  • 5.7.2 Oilseed rape/canola
• 5.8 Potatoes
• 5.9 Rice
• 5.10 Sugar beet
• 5.11 Vegetables

CHAPTER 6 SEED TREATMENTS BY TARGET ORGANISM

• 6.1 Fungal pathogens
  • 6.1.1 Seed-borne diseases
  • 6.1.2 Soil-borne diseases
  • 6.1.3 Common seed- and soil-borne and early foliar diseases
• 6.2 Bacterial diseases
• 6.3 Nematode pests
• 6.4 Insect pests
  • 6.4.1 Aphids
  • 6.4.2 Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp)
  • 6.4.3 Flea beetles - many Chrysomelidae including Phyllotreta spp and Epitrix spp
  • 6.4.4 Fleahoppers (Pseudatomascelis seriatus, cotton)
  • 6.4.5 Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor)
  • 6.4.6 Rice water weevils (Lissorhoptrus oryzopiylus)
  • 6.4.7 Seed corn maggots (Delia platura)
  • 6.4.8 Thrips (many genera, such as Frankliniella, Caliothrips and Thrips)
  • 6.4.9 White grubs (Phyllophaga spp)
  • 6.4.10 Wireworms

CHAPTER 7 SEED TREATMENT MARKETS

• 7.1 Global agrochemical market by region
• 7.2 Global seed treatment market by region
• 7.3 Rise of GM crops
• 7.4 Europe
  • 7.4.1 France
  • 7.4.2 Germany
  • 7.4.3 Italy
  • 7.4.4 UK
• 7.5 North America
  • 7.5.1 Canada
  • 7.5.2 US
    • 7.5.2.1 Maize
    • 7.5.2.2 Soybeans
    • 7.5.2.3 Cotton
    • . . . Seed companies
    • . . . seed treatments
• 7.6 South America
  • 7.6.1 Argentina
  • 7.6.2 Brazil
• 7.7 Asia/Pacific
  • 7.7.1 Australia
  • 7.7.2 China
  • 7.7.3 India
  • 7.7.4 Japan

CHAPTER 8 COMPANY PROFILES

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Companies providing agrochemicals for seed treatment
  • 8.2.1 Agriliance LLC
  • 8.2.2 BASF
    • 8.2.2.1 Introduction
    • 8.2.2.2 Seed treatments
    • 8.2.2.3 R&D into seed treatments
  • 8.2.3 Bayer CropScience
    • 8.2.3.1 Introduction
    • 8.2.3.2 Seed treatment sales
    • 8.2.3.3 Seed treatment products
    • 8.2.3.4 Bayer' s seed treatment application research centres
    • . . . Seed Treatment Application Center (Monheim, Germany)
    • . . . Seed Technology Center, Gustafson (Texas, US)
    • . . . Cérès (Méréville, France)
    • . . . CelPril (US)
    • 8.2.3.5 Seed treatment in the US
    • . . . Maize
    • . . . Soybeans
    • . . . Cotton
    • 8.2.3.6 Seed treatments in the UK
    • . . . Cereals
    • . . . Other crops
  • 8.2.4 Chemtura Corporation
    • 8.2.4.1 Chemtura' s products
    • 8.2.4.2 Acquisition of Trace Chemicals
  • 8.2.5 Dow AgroSciences
  • 8.2.6 DuPont Crop Protection
    • 8.2.6.1 Agrochemical sales
  • 8.2.7 FMC
  • 8.2.8 Helena Chemical
  • 8.2.9 Hokko Chemical Industry Co Ltd
  • 8.2.10 Isagro SpA
  • 8.2.11 Kumiai Chemical Industry
  • 8.2.12 Kureha Corporation
  • 8.2.13 Makhteshim-Agan
  • 8.2.14 Monsanto
  • 8.2.15 Nihon Nohyaku Co Ltd
  • 8.2.16 Nippon Soda Co Ltd
  • 8.2.17 Sankyo Company Ltd
  • 8.2.18 Sumitomo Chemical
  • 8.2.19 Syngenta
    • 8.2.19.1 Syngenta' s global seed treatment business
    • . . . Cruiser (thiamethoxam)
    • . . . Avicta
    • 8.2.19.2 Syngenta' s North American seed treatments
    • 8.2.19.3 Syngenta' s European seed treatments
    • 8.2.19.4 Worldwide
• 8.3 Companies supplying BCAs
  • 8.3.1 BioAgri
  • 8.3.2 BioWorks Inc
  • 8.3.3 Eden BioScience
  • 8.3.4 Pasteuria Bioscience
  • 8.3.5 Prophyta GmbH
• 8.4 Companies providing seed enhancement, priming, coating and other functional seed treatment services and products
  • 8.4.1 Becker Underwood Inc
    • 8.4.1.1 Colourants and polymers
    • 8.4.1.2 Inoculants
  • 8.4.2 Georgetown Holdings
  • 8.4.3 Germain' s Technology Group
  • 8.4.4 Fraunhofer Institut
  • 8.4.5 Incotec International BV
  • 8.4.6 International Specialty Products
  • 8.4.7 Landec Corporation
  • 8.4.8 Precision Laboratories
  • 8.4.9 SUET Saat- und Erntetechnik GmbH
• 8.5 Companies supplying nutrient seed treatments and inoculants, including rhizobia
  • 8.5.1 Kemira GrowHow Oyj
  • 8.5.1.1 Verdera Oy
  • 8.5.2 Nitragin Inc
  • 8.5.3 Philom Bios Inc
  • 8.5.4 Yara Phosyn Ltd
• 8.6 Companies supplying seed treatment equipment
  • 8.6.1 A/S Cimbria
  • 8.6.2 Gustafson Equipment
  • 8.6.3 NoroGard AB

LIST OF TABLES

• Table 1.1 Sales of seed and other planting material in the top10 country markets in 2005
• Table 1.2 Top 10 global seed companies in 2004-2005 (US$ million)
• Table 4.1 Insecticide plus fungicide combinations
• Table 5.1 Global seed production, area harvested and production for major crops in 2005
• Table 5.2 Seed treatment usage by crop in 2004
• Table 5.3 Major GM crops areas (million ha)
• Table 6.1 Common plant diseases
• Table 6.2 Some common bacterial diseases affecting seedlings
• Table 7.1 Major regions producing seed treated crops
• Table 7.2 GM crop plantings (million ha)
• Table 7.3 France - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.4 Germany - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.5 Italy - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.6 UK - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.7 Canada - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.8 US - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.9 Argentina - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.10 Brazil - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.11 Australia - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.12 China - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.13 India - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 7.14 Japan - Main crops harvested in 2004
• Table 8.1 Agriliance' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.2 BASF' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.3 Bayer' s seed treatment sales (€million)
• Table 8.4 Bayer' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.5 Chemtura' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.6 Trace Chemicals' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.7 FMC' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.8 Helena Chemical' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.9 Hokko' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.10 Isagro' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.11 Kureha' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.12 Makhteshim-Agan' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.13 Nihon Nohyaku main seed treatment products
• Table 8.14 Nippon Soda' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.15 Sankyo' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.16 Sumitomo Chemical' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.17 Syngenta' s main seed treatment products
• Table 8.18 Syngenta' s main US seed treatment products
• Table 8.19 Becker Underwood' s colourants and polymer products
• Table 8.20 Canadian Seed Coaters' and Precision Seed Coaters' coating products
• Table 8.21 Germain' s Technology Group' s main seed products
• Table 8.22 Incotec' s seed enhancement products and services
• Table 8.23 International Specialty Products' seed treatment formulations and coating products
• Table 8.24 Landec Ag' s Intellicoat polymer seed coatings
• Table 8.25 Precision Laboratories' products
• Table 8.26 SUET' s seed enhancement products
• Table 8.27 Nitragin' s products
• Table 8.28 Philom Bios' s inoculum products
• Table 8.29 Heid Centricoater' s seed coating equipment
• Table 8.30 Gustafson' s seed treatment equipment
• Table 8.31 NoroGard' s seed treatment equipment

LIST OF FIGURES

• Figure 5.1 Seed treatment usage by crop in 2004
• Figure 7.1 Global agrochemical market by region in 2005