Nanotechnology: Revolutionizing R&D to develop smarter therapeutics and diagnostics

Table of Contents

Executive summary

• Nanotechnology: driving change in pharmaceutical R&D
• Nanotechnology: drug research & development
• Nanotechnology: nanoformulations & nanocarriers
• Nanotechnology: diagnostics & imaging
• Nanotechnology: therapeutic applications
• Nanotechnology: regulations, patents and scientific publications
• Nanotechnology: challenges, opportunities & future applications

Chapter 1 Driving change in pharmaceutical R&D

• Summary
• Defining nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology funding
• Nanotechnology evolution
• Nanotechnology in the pharma industry
• Nanotechnology start-up companies
• Nanotechnology in academia
• Drivers of nanotechnology research
• Report Outline

Chapter 2 Drug research & development

• Summary
• Introduction
• Nanotechnology in drug discovery & development
• Nanotools for drug discovery & development
• Application of nanotools in drug discovery & development
• Nanoscaffolding
• Nanoarrays
  • BioForce Nanosciences
  • Nanogen
• Nanotubes & nanosensors
  • Nano-Proprietary Inc
  • Carbon Nanotechnologies Inc
• Nanowires & cantilevers
• Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip
  • Caliper Life Sciences
• Nanofluidic lab-on-a-chip
• Quantum Dots
  • Evident Technologies
  • Biomarker Harvesting
• Instruments for nanodetection and analysis
• Atomic force microscopy
• Surface Plasmon Resonance
• Instruments for nanofabrication
• Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN)
• Conclusions

Chapter 3 Nanoformulations & nanocarriers

• Summary
• Introduction
• Leading companies in nanoformulations
• Approved nanoformulations
• Dendrimers
• Liposomal formulations
• Pegylated liposomal formulations
• Nanocrystal formulations
• Nanoparticle formulations
• Developmental nanoformulations
• Protein-stabilized liposomal formulations
• Controlled-release liposomal formulations
• New controlled-release nanoparticle and nanosphere formulations
• Magnetic nanoparticle formulations
• Novel nanomaterials for drug delivery
• Nanobombs
• Nanoshells
• Nanotubes
• Conclusions

Chapter 4 Diagnostics & imaging

• Summary
• Introduction
• Nanoarrays
• Cystalline nanoarrays
• Nanodevices
• Magnetic nanoparticles, nanocapsules and nanocells
• Nanoparticle barcodes
• Multifunctional nanoparticles and nanocells
• Gold nanoparticles
• Fluorescent nanoparticles
• Fluorescent nanocrystals
• Nanoscale contrast agents
• Multiplex imaging agents/therapeutics
• Conclusions

Chapter 5 Therapeutic applications

• Summary
• Introduction
• Nanotechnology in cancer
• Research
• In Vivo imaging
• Molecular imaging & diagnostics
• Drug delivery
• Cancer conclusions
• Nanotechnology in cardiovascular disease
• Therapeutic research
• Molecular imaging & diagnostics
• Tissue engineering & regenerative medicines
• Medical devices
• Drug delivery
• Cardiovascular conclusions
• Nanotechnology in CNS
• Research & development
• Diagnostics & imaging
• Drug delivery
• Neurodevices and nanowires
• CNS conclusions
• Overall conclusions

Chapter 6 Regulations, patents and scientific publications

• Summary
• Nanotechnology Guidelines
• Patentability and publications
• Nanotechnology patents
• Nanotechnology-based publications
• Conclusions

Chapter 7 Challenges, opportunities and future applications

• Summary
• Introduction
• Challenges in adopting nanotechnology
• Regulations
• Legal, political and ethical issues
• Public perception of nanotechnology
• Multidisciplinary infrastructure
• Intellectual property
• Commerciality of existing nanotechnology and medicines
• Opportunities for adopting nanotechnology
• Product repositioning
• New imaging agents for early disease detection
• Point-of-care diagnostics
• Personalized medicines
• Implementing nanotechnology in the pharma industry
• Competitive strategies
• AstraZeneca
• Bristol-Myers Squibb
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Novartis
• Roche
• Pfizer
• Elan Corporation
• Genentech
• GE Healthcare
• Siemens Medical Solutions
• Abraxis BioSciences
• pSividia Limited
• StarPharma Holdings Ltd
• Alliances & licensing
• Future impact of nanotechnology on drug discovery & development

Chapter 8 Appendix

• Glossary
• Bibliography
• Index
• Endnotes

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Nanometer scale
• Figure 1.2: Top-down and bottom-up nanotechnology approach
• Figure 1.3: Applications of nanotechnology
• Figure 1.4: Global nanotechnology funding, 2003
• Figure 1.5: Global nanotechnology market by 2015
• Figure 1.6: Evolution of nanotechnology 2000-2020
• Figure 1.7: Evolution of the nanotechnology market
• Figure 1.8: Nanotechnology applications in the pharma industry
• Figure 2.9: Nanotechnology innovating the R&D process
• Figure 2.10: Applications of nanotechnologies in drug discovery & development
• Figure 2.11: TEM of native collagen fibers and nanoscaffolding
• Figure 2.12: Array of probes on nanoarray
• Figure 2.13: Bead Nanoarrays from NanoVic
• Figure 2.14: NanoChip® 400 System
• Figure 2.15: Nanosensors for analyte detection
• Figure 2.16: Nanowires and cantilevers for nanodetection and multiplexing
• Figure 2.17: Scanning electron microscope image of a five-nozzle M3 emitter
• Figure 2.18: Evolution of microfluidics and nanofluidics in the pharma industry
• Figure 2.19: Nanoparticle bioconjugate harvesting platform
• Figure 2.20: Schematic of ATM technology
• Figure 2.21: AFM images measuring real-time cell activity
• Figure 2.22: Schematic of SPR technology
• Figure 2.23: Schematic of DPN technology and its applications
• Figure 3.24: Nanoformulations driving drug delivery
• Figure 3.25: Dendrimer structure
• Figure 3.26: Dendrimer delivery platform
• Figure 3.27: DauxoXome® liposomal formulation
• Figure 3.28: Doxil® liposomal formulation versus non-liposomal formulation
• Figure 3.29: Enhanced bioavailability and absorption rate with Nanocrystals technology
• Figure 3.30: Abraxane nab technology - Photosphere
• Figure 3.31: Micellar nanoparticles (MNP)
• Figure 3.32: Controlled-release liposomal formulations
• Figure 3.33: Fullerene structures A) C-60 and B) C-70
• Figure 3.34: AuroLase™ treated mice versus sham treatment
• Figure 3.35: Carbon nanotubes
• Figure 4.36: Nanotechnologies advancing diagnostics and imaging
• Figure 4.37: ViriChip™ Virus Detection Platform
• Figure 4.38: S-layer technology platform
• Figure 4.39: Sensation™ Virus Detection Platform
• Figure 4.40: BioNanoChannel ™ Bacterial Detection Platform
• Figure 4.41: Biobarcode assays for the detection of PSA
• Figure 4.42: Biosensor biobarcode
• Figure 4.43: Oxonica' s Nanoplex™ biotag and POC diagnostic
• Figure 4.44: AuroVist™ microCT image
• Figure 4.45: NanoStrings™ Nanoparticle Barcoding
• Figure 4.46: Schematic of fluorescent A) lanthanide structure and B) lanthanide nanoparticles
• Figure 4.47: QDot Nanocrystal Structure
• Figure 4.48: TriLite™ Emission Spectra
• Figure 4.49: Viral Capsids as imaging carriers
• Figure 4.50: Multifunctional nanocarriers for detection, diagnosis and treatment
• Figure 4.51: Nanotechnology improving molecular detection and diagnosis of cancer
• Figure 5.52: Application of nanotechnology in cancer, cardiovascular and CNS disorders
• Figure 5.53: Cyberkinetic' s brain gate
• Figure 6.54: Federal regulators addressing different aspects of nanotechnology
• Figure 6.55: Japanese Governmental System for Science & Technology
• Figure 6.56: Worldwide nanopatents 1995-2003
• Figure 6.57: Worldwide nanopatents by region of applicant and inventor
• Figure 6.58: Worldwide nanoscientific publications per world region
• Figure 6.59: Worldwide nanoscientific publications per country and subfield 1999-2004
• Figure 7.60: Future impact of nanotools on pharmaceuticals and healthcare
• Figure 7.61: Health care trends to 2020 - GlaxoSmithKline

List of Tables

• Table 1.1: Leading nanotechnology start-up companies
• Table 1.2: Leading nanotechnology institutes, forums and networking organizations
• Table 2.3: Key attributes of PuraMatrix versus other ECMs
• Table 2.4: Leading Lab-on-Chip (LOC) and microfluidic manufacturers
• Table 2.5: Leading manufacturers of QDots
• Table 2.6: Advantages of DPN versus other top-down and bottom-up fabrication technologies
• Table 3.7: Approved nanoformulations
• Table 3.8: Leading nanoformulation companies
• Table 4.9: Leading diagnostics and imaging companies evaluating nanotechnology
• Table 5.10: Nano-enabled delivery system for cancer therapeutics
• Table 5.11: Approved & developmental cancer nanomedicines
• Table 5.12: Nanotechnology application in cardiovascular devices
• Table 5.13: Nano-enabled delivery system under evaluation for cardiovascular therapies
• Table 5.14: Nano-enabled delivery system under evaluation for CNS therapies
• Table 7.15: Recent alliances and licensing deals in nanotechnology