Table of Contents
1. Summary
2. Indium; properties, occurrences and reserves
3. Indium recovery
Indium production from primary sources & recovery from secondary materials: Indium recovery from spent ITO sputtering targets
4. Production of indium
Mine production of indium from zinc ores, Refinery production of indium; Secondary production of indium; World indium refinery capacity
5. Notes on indium producing countries & companies
Australia: Amac Alloys; Belgium; Bolivia; Canada: Falconbridge Ltd.; Teck Cominco; China: Changsha Fengchao Pigment Chemical Co. Ltd; Dongwu Nonferrous Metals Mine; Huludao Zinc Industry Co of China; Liuzhou China Tin Group (Huaxi); Jiangxi Copper Co.; Nanjing Germanium Plant; Tianjin Indium Products Co. Ltd; Yunnan Tin Co. Ltd.; Zhuzhou Smelter; Dominican Republic; France; Germany: Fremat GmbH & Co. KG; HEK GmbH.; PPM Pure Metals GmbH.; Italy; Japan: Asahi Pretec Corp.; Dowa Mining Co. Ltd.; Japan Energy Corp.; Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co.; Shinko Chemical Co. Ltd.; Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.; Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd.; Kazakhstan; Namibia; Netherlands; Peru; Russia; South Korea; Taiwan; Ukraine; United Kingdom; USA: AIM Inc.; Alfa Aesar; Belmont Metals Inc.; Indium Corp. of America; MCP Metalspecialities Inc.; Umicore Indium Products; Indium stockpiles; Uzbekistan
6. International trade in indium
7. Consumption of indium
Consumption by end use: Japan; USA; Indium consumption forecasts
8. End uses consuming indium-tin oxide (ITO)
Flat panel display applications for indium tin oxide: Liquid crystal displays; Plasma display panels; Electrochromic displays; Field emission displays; Principal market drivers for flat panel displays
- Mobile telephones
- Computer monitors
- Televisions
- Watches and calculators
- Digital video and still cameras
Major producers of flat panel displays
- Arima Display Corp.
- AU Optronics
- BOE Technology Co. Ltd.
- Chi Mei Optoelectronics
- Chunghwa Picture Tubes
- HannStar Display Co.
- Innolux
- LG Philips LCD
- Quanta Display Inc.
- Samsung Electronics
- Sharp Corp.
- Sony Corp.
Other applications for indium tin oxide coatings: Applications for indium tin oxide in architectural glass; clear plastic sheeting; low pressure sodium lamps; for solar collectors; in windshield glass; cathode ray tubes; electronic paper; Forecasts for indium demand in ITO films
9. End uses for other indium compounds Applications for indium in semiconductors:
Indium as a doping agent in semiconducting devices; Indium in compound semiconductors
- Fabrication of compound semiconductors
- Producers of indium compound semiconductors
Indium-based compounds in laser diode (LD) applications; Applications for indium compounds in photodetectors
- Fibre optic telecommunications
Indium in light emitting diodes
- Indium-based red-green LEDs
- Indium-based blue and green LEDs
- Ultra violet and white LEDs
- LED Producers
- Markets for LEDs
Photovoltaic cells
- Thin film photovoltaic cells
- High-Efficiency Multijunction Devices
- Producers of photovoltaic cells
- Optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs)
Other semiconductor applications for indium compounds; Semiconductor production and indium demand; Batteries; Electrodeless lamps; Phosphors
10.End uses consuming indium metal and alloys
Low melting-point alloys: Fusible alloys
Mercury replacement alloys; Solders containing indium . Lead-free solders
Forecasts for indium demand in low-melting point alloys; Other indium alloys: Cathodic protection; Dental alloys; Nuclear control rods; White gold alloys; Indium plating: Indium plated bearings; Indium decorative finishes; Other uses for indium in plating; Nuclear radiology; Other minor uses of indium metal
11. Indium prices Indium price history
LIST OF TABLES
- 1-4: Primary indium producers; Indium: Physical characteristics; Indium contents of common ore minerals; Indium minerals
- 5-7: World: Indium reserves and reserve base, 2003; Estimated mine production of indium, 2002; Estimated refinery production of indium,1990-2002
- 8: Recyclers of indium
- 9: World: Estimated indium refinery capacity, 2003
- 10: China: Production of indium, 1997-2002
- 11-13: Japan: Primary indium supply & demand, 1973-2002; Supply/demand balance, 1996-2002; Imports of indium, divided by country of origin, 1994-2003 14: USA: Imports and consumption of indium, 1996-2002 15-16: Principal exporters & importers of indium, 1995-2002
- 17-22: Exports & imports of unwrought indium and powders 2000; 2001; 2002
- 23: World: Primary indium consumption divided by region, 1969-2002
- 24: Major end uses for different forms of indium
- 25: World: Division of indium demand by end-use, 2002
- 26: Japan: Consumption of indium by end-use application, 1996-2002
- 27: USA: Consumption of indium by end-use, 1997-2002
- 28: Producers of ITO powders and sputtering targets
- 29: Worldwide mobile phone sales, 1999-2003
- 30: Properties of indium compound semiconductors
- 31: Semiconductor laser materials.
- 32: Properties of indium-based LEDs
- 33: Worldwide photovoltaic market, 2001 and 2006
- 34: Photovoltaic cells: Typical and maximum cell conversion efficiencies
- 35-36: Japan: Shipments of InP semiconductor material 1993-2002; Manufacturers of indium-bearing fusible alloys & solders
- 37: Indium Corp. of America: Selected fusible indium alloys
- 38: Major applications of Ostalloy fusible alloys
- 39: Indium Corp. of America: Mercury replacement alloys
- 40: AIM Specialty Solders: Indium solders
- 41: Recommended alloys for joining metal and alloys
- 42: Neutron absorption values of indium & other alloying elements
- 43: Control rod materials
- 44: Operational, under construction & closed reactors, June 2003
- 45: Upper and lower free market indium prices, ingots, min. 99.97%, in warehouse 1983 to 2003
- 46: Indium Corp. of America: Maximum monthly prices for 99.97% indium ingots 1980 to 2003
View Cart
