The Economics of Petroleum Coke, 5th Edition, 2007

Table of Contents

1. Summary

2. Introduction

• 2.1 Marketable petroleum coke production processes
  • 2.1.1 Delayed coking
  • 2.1.2 Fluid coking
  • 2.1.3 Flexicoking
• 2.2 Types of green petroleum coke
  • 2.2.1 Sponge coke
  • 2.2.2 Shot coke
  • 2.2.3 Needle coke
  • 2.2.4 Other types of green petroleum coke
• 2.3 Calcined coke
• 2.4 Factors affecting levels of petroleum coke production
  • 2.4.1 Trends in petroleum production
  • 2.4.2 Trends in gasoline demand
  • 2.4.3 Crude oil feedstock quality

3. Overview of world petroleum coke production

• 3.1 Petroleum coke production capacity
• 3.2 Petroleum coke production
  • 3.2.1 Outlook for petroleum coke production

4. Notes on countries producing and consuming petroleum coke

• 4.1 Production of petroleum coke in Albania
  • 4.1.1 Albanian Petroleum Corp. (APC)
• 4.2 Production of petroleum coke in Argentina
  • 4.2.1 Producers and calciners of petroleum coke in Argentina
    • 4.2.1.1 Esso SA Petrolera Argentina (Esso SAPA)
    • 4.2.1.2 Repsol-YPF SA
    • 4.2.1.3 Copetro SA
• 4.3 Production of petroleum coke in Aruba
• 4.4 Production of petroleum coke in Australia
• 4.5 Production of petroleum coke in Austria
• 4.6 Production of petroleum coke in Azerbaijan
• 4.7 Production of calcined petroleum coke in Bahrain
  • 4.7.1 Aluminium Bahrain (Alba)
• 4.8 Production of petroleum coke in Belarus
• 4.9 Production of petroleum coke in Belgium
• 4.1 Production of petroleum coke in Brazil
  • 4.10.1 Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras)
• 4.11 Production of petroleum coke in Canada
  • 4.11.1 Conventional producers of petroleum coke in Canada
  • 4.11.2 Petroleum coke production from oil sands operations in Canada
    • 4.11.2.1 Husky Energy
    • 4.11.2.2 Suncor Energy
    • 4.11.2.3 Syncrude Canada Ltd. (SCL)
    • 4.11.2.4 Other
• 4.12 Production of petroleum coke in Chile
  • 4.12.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Chile
    • 4.12.1.1 Petropower Energia Ltda.
    • 4.12.1.2 Empresa Nacional de Petroleo (ENAP)
• 4.13 Production of petroleum coke in China
  • 4.13.1 Producers of petroleum coke in China
    • 4.13.1.1 China Petroleum & Chemical Corp. (Sinopec)
    • 4.13.1.2 PetroChina Co. Ltd.
  • 4.13.2 Calcined coke producers in China
    • 4.13.2.1 Zhenjiang Coking & Gas Group (ZCGG)
    • 4.13.2.2 Other
• 4.14 Production of petroleum coke in Croatia
  • 4.14.1 Industrija Nafte d.d. (INA)
• 4.15 Production of petroleum coke in the Czech Republic
• 4.16 Production of petroleum coke in Denmark
• 4.17 Production of calcined petroleum coke in Dubai
• 4.18 Production of petroleum coke in Egypt
  • 4.18.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Egypt
    • 4.18.1.1 Middle East Oil Refineries (MIDOR)
    • 4.18.1.2 Other
• 4.19 Production of petroleum coke in Finland
• 4.2 Production of petroleum coke in France
  • 4.20.1 Total SA
• 4.21 Production of petroleum coke in Germany
  • 4.21.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Germany
    • 4.21.1.1 Deutsche BP
    • 4.21.1.2 Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH (MiRO)
    • 4.21.1.3 OMV Deutschland GmbH
• 4.22 Production of petroleum coke in Greece
• 4.23 Production of petroleum coke in Hungary
  • 4.23.1 MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas Plc
• 4.24 Production of petroleum coke in India
  • 4.24.1 Producers of petroleum coke in India
    • 4.24.1.1 Bharat Petroleum Co. Ltd. (BPCL)
    • 4.24.1.2 Bongaigaon Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd. (BRPL)
    • 4.24.1.3 Indian Oil Company Ltd. (IOCL)
    • 4.24.1.4 Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL)
    • 4.24.1.5 Other
  • 4.24.2 Petroleum coke calciners in India
    • 4.24.2.1 Graphite India Ltd. (GIL)
    • 4.24.2.2 Goa Carbon Ltd. (GCL)
    • 4.24.2.3 Rain Calcining Ltd. (RCL)
• 4.25 Production of petroleum coke in Indonesia
  • 4.25.1 PT Pertamina
• 4.26 Production of petroleum coke in Iraq
• 4.27 Production of petroleum coke in Italy
• 4.28 Production of petroleum coke in Japan
  • 4.28.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Japan
    • 4.28.1.1 Cosmo Oil Co. Ltd.
    • 4.28.1.2 Fuji Oil Co. Ltd.
    • 4.28.1.3 Japan Energy Corp.
    • 4.28.1.4 Nippon Oil Co Ltd.
    • 4.28.1.5 Toa Oil Co. Ltd.
• 4.29 Petroleum coke production in Kazakhstan
• 4.3 Production of petroleum coke in South Korea
  • 4.30.1 Hyundai Oil Refinery Co.
• 4.31 Production of petroleum coke in Kuwait
  • 4.31.1 Kuwait National Petroleum Co. (KNPC)
• 4.32 Production of petroleum coke in Malaysia
  • 4.32.1 Malaysia Refining Co. (MRC)
• 4.33 Production of petroleum coke in Mexico
  • 4.33.1 Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex)
• 4.34 Production of petroleum coke in Myanmar
  • 4.34.1 Myanma Petrochemical Enterprise
• 4.35 Production of petroleum coke in the Netherlands
• 4.36 Production of petroleum coke in the Netherlands Antilles
• 4.37 Production of petroleum coke in Norway
  • 4.37.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Norway
    • 4.37.1.1 Statoil ASA
    • 4.37.1.2 Other
• 4.38 Production of petroleum coke in Peru
• 4.39 Production of petroleum coke in the Philippines
  • 4.39.1 Philippine National Oil Co. (PNOC)
• 4.4 Production of petroleum coke in Poland
• 4.41 Production of petroleum coke in Portugal
• 4.42 Production of petroleum coke in Puerto Rico
• 4.43 Production of petroleum coke in Romania
  • 4.43.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Romania
    • 4.43.1.1 Astra SA
    • 4.43.1.2 SNP Petrom
    • 4.43.1.3 AO Petrotel-LUKOIL
    • 4.43.1.4 Rafo SA
    • 4.43.1.5 Rompetrol Group
• 4.44 Production of petroleum coke in Russia
  • 4.44.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Russia
    • 4.44.1.1 JSC Bashneftekhimzavody (Bashneft)
    • 4.44.1.2 LUKOIL
    • 4.44.1.3 Rosneft
    • 4.44.1.4 Sibneft
    • 4.44.1.5 Yukos (former)
• 4.45 Production of petroleum coke in Saudi Arabia
• 4.46 Production of petroleum coke in the Slovak Republic
• 4.47 Production of petroleum coke in Slovenia
• 4.48 Production of petroleum coke in South Africa
  • 4.48.1 Producers of petroleum coke in South Africa
    • 4.48.1.1 Shell and BP South African Petroleum Refineries Pty Ltd. (Sapref)
    • 4.48.1.2 Sasol Ltd.
• 4.49 Production of petroleum coke in Spain
  • 4.49.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Spain
    • 4.49.1.1 Repsol-YPF
    • 4.49.1.2 Other
• 4.5 Petroleum coke production in Sweden
• 4.51 Production of petroleum coke in Syria
  • 4.51.1 Homs Refinery Co.
• 4.52 Production of petroleum coke in Taiwan
  • 4.52.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Taiwan
    • 4.52.1.1 Chinese Petroleum Corp. (CPC)
    • 4.52.1.2 Formosa Petrochemical Co. (FPCC)
• 4.53 Production of petroleum coke in Thailand
• 4.54 Production of petroleum coke in Turkey
• 4.55 Production of petroleum coke in Turkmenistan
• 4.56 Production of petroleum coke in Ukraine
• 4.57 Production of petroleum coke in the UK
  • 4.57.1 ConocoPhillips
• 4.58 Production of petroleum coke in the USA
  • 4.58.1 Trends in petroleum coke production
  • 4.58.2 US petroleum coke consumption and international trade
  • 4.58.3 US Petroleum coke production capacity
  • 4.58.4 Producers of petroleum coke in the USA
    • 4.58.4.1 Big West Oil LLC
    • 4.58.4.2 BP United States
    • 4.58.4.3 Cenex Harvest States
    • 4.58.4.4 Chevron Corp.
    • 4.58.4.5 CITGO Petroleum Corp. & LYONDELL-CITGO Refinery
    • 4.58.4.6 Coffeyville Resources LLC (formerly Farmland Industries)
    • 4.58.4.7 ConocoPhillips
    • 4.58.4.8 Crown Central Petroleum Corp.
    • 4.58.4.9 Delek US Holdings Inc.
    • 4.58.4.10 ExxonMobil Corp.
    • 4.58.4.11 Flint Hills Resources
    • 4.58.4.12 Frontier Oil Corp.
    • 4.58.4.13 Giant Refining
    • 4.58.4.14 Hunt Refining Co.
    • 4.58.4.15 Marathon Petroleum LLC
    • 4.58.4.16 Motiva Enterprises LLC
    • 4.58.4.17 National Co-operative Refinery Association
    • 4.58.4.18 Pasadena Refining System
    • 4.58.4.19 Shell Deer Park Refining Co.
    • 4.58.4.20 Shell Oil Products US
    • 4.58.4.21 Sinclair Oil Corp.
    • 4.58.4.22 Sunoco Inc.
    • 4.58.4.23 Tesoro Petroleum Corp.
    • 4.58.4.24 United Refining
    • 4.58.4.25 Valero Energy Corp.
  • 4.58.5 Petroleum coke calcining operations in the USA
  • 4.58.6 Marketers and distributors of petroleum coke
• 4.59 Production of petroleum coke in Uzbekistan
  • 4.59.1 Uzbekneftegaz
• 4.6 Production of petroleum coke in Venezuela
  • 4.60.1 Producers of petroleum coke in Venezuela
    • 4.60.1.1 Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PSVSA)
    • 4.60.1.2 Orinoco Belt upgraders
• 4.61 Production of petroleum coke in the US Virgin Islands
• 4.61.1 Hovensa LLC

5. Overview of world consumption of petroleum coke

• 5.1 World consumption of petroleum coke
• 5.2 Consumption of petroleum coke by region and end-use sector
• 5.3 Consumption of petroleum coke by industry

6. End uses for petroleum coke

• 6.1 Consumption of petroleum coke as a fuel
  • 6.1.1 The use of petroleum coke as a fuel in oil refineries
  • 6.1.2 The use of petroleum coke as a fuel in the cement industry
    • 6.1.2.1 Cement production and consumption
    • 6.1.2.2 Outlook for petroleum coke consumption in cement production
  • 6.1.3 The use of petroleum coke in power generation
    • 6.1.3.1 Consumption of petroleum coke as a fuel in generating electricity
  • 6.1.4 The use of petroleum coke in titanium dioxide production
• 6.2 The use of petroleum coke in carbon and graphite electrodes and other products
  • 6.2.1 Manufacture of carbon and graphite products
  • 6.2.2 Production of carbon and graphite electrodes
    • 6.2.2.1 C/G Electrodes LLC
    • 6.2.2.2 Graphite India Ltd. (GIL)
    • 6.2.2.3 GrafTech International Ltd.
    • 6.2.2.4 HEG Ltd.
    • 6.2.2.5 SGL Carbon Group
    • 6.2.2.6 Sinosteel Jilin Carbon Co.
    • 6.2.2.7 Japanese producers
  • 6.2.3 The use of carbon and graphite in the aluminium industry
    • 6.2.3.1 Manufacture of carbon anodes for aluminium
    • 6.2.3.2 Carbon cathodes or potlining for aluminium
    • 6.2.3.3 Consumption of petroleum coke in the aluminium industry
  • 6.2.4 The use of carbon and graphite electrodes in steelmaking
    • 6.2.4.1 Manufacture of EAF electrodes for steelmaking
    • 6.2.4.2 World steel production
  • 6.2.5 The use of carbon and graphite in ferro-alloys production
    • 6.2.5.1 Ferro-silicon and silicon metal
    • 6.2.5.2 Ferro-manganese, silico-manganese and other manganese products
    • 6.2.5.3 Ferro-chromium
  • 6.2.6 The use of carbon and graphite in phosphorus production
  • 6.2.7 The use of carbon and graphite in calcium carbide production
  • 6.2.8 The use of carbon and graphite in silicon carbide production
  • 6.2.9 The use of petroleum coke in magnesium metal production
  • 6.2.10 The use of petroleum coke in the chlor-alkali industry
    • 6.2.10.1 Chlorine
    • 6.2.10.2 Caustic soda
  • 6.2.11 Other electrical applications for petroleum coke
• 6.3 The use of petroleum coke in carburisers and recarburisers
• 6.4 The use of petroleum coke in refractories
• 6.5 Other carbon products containing petroleum coke
  • 6.5.1 Chemical applications for petroleum coke
  • 6.5.2 Mechanical applications for petroleum coke
  • 6.5.3 Aerospace and nuclear reactor applications for petroleum coke

7. International trade in petroleum coke

• 7.1 International trade in green petroleum coke
• 7.2 International trade in calcined petroleum coke

8. Petroleum coke prices

• 8.1 Uncalcined petroleum coke prices
• 8.2 Calcined petroleum coke prices

List of Tables

• Table 1: Compositions of different types of petroleum coke and graphite
• Table 2: Typical end-uses for different types of petroleum coke
• Table 3: CTE values for commercial grades of green petroleum coke
• Table 4: Comparison yields from delayed coking and fluid coking methods
• Table 5: Comparison of product properties by coking method
• Table 6: Uncalcined petroleum coke analysis by coking process
• Table 7: Investment and economics of coking technology, 1998-2001
• Table 8: Economics of a typical flexicoking and fluid coking unit (US Gulf Coast, Q1, 1996), licensed by Exxon Research & Engineering
• Table 9: Characteristics of petroleum coke produced in a delayed coker
• Table 10: Product yields in the Sydec delayed coking process by operation
• Table 11: Characteristics of petroleum coke produced by the fluid bed method
• Table 12: Yields from flexicoking Arabian Heavy residuum
• Table 13: Characteristics of petroleum coke produced by flexicoking
• Table 14: Properties of coke produced by flexicoking
• Table 15: Typical properties of calcined sponge and needle cokes
• Table 16: General specifications for anode grade petroleum coke
• Table 17: World: Marketable petroleum coke production capacity by country and company, 2006
• Table 18: World: Estimated total production of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 19: World: Estimated production of marketable petroleum coke, 2004
• Table 20: Argentina: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 21: Aruba: Exports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 22: Australia: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 23: Australia: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 24: Austria: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 25: Austria: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 26: Bahrain: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 27: Belgium: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 28: Belgium: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 29: Brazil: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 30: Petrobras: Summary of petroleum coke capacity
• Table 31: Canada: Petroleum coke capacity, 2006
• Table 32: Canada: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 33: Canada: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 34: Chile: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 35: China: Production of petroleum coke, 1993 to 2001
• Table 36: China: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 37: Sinopec: Petroleum coke production capacity
• Table 38: PetroChina: Petroleum coke production capacity
• Table 39: ZCGG: Calcined petroleum coke products specifications
• Table 40: Czech Republic: Imports of petroleum coke, 2000 to 2004
• Table 41: Denmark: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 42: Egypt: International trade in green coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 43: France: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 44: France: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 45: Germany: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 46: Germany: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 47: Greece: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 48: MOL: Production of petroleum coke, 2002 to 2007
• Table 49: India: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 50: Numaligarh Refinery: Specifications of raw petroleum coke
• Table 51: IOCL: Specifications of green and calcined petroleum coke products
• Table 52: Graphite India: Calcined petroleum coke specifications
• Table 53: Indonesia: International trade in petroleum coke, 2000 to 2004
• Table 54: Italy: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 55: Italy: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 56: Japan: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 57: Japan: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 58: Kazakhstan: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 59: South Korea: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 60: South Korea: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 61: Mexico: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 62: Mexico: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 63: Pemex: Operating and planned petroleum coke production capacity
• Table 64: Netherlands: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 65: Norway: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 66: Norway: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 67: Philippines: International trade in petroleum coke, 2000 to 2004
• Table 68: Poland: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 69: Portugal: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 70: Romania: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 71: Romania: Petroleum coke production capacity by refinery, 2006
• Table 72: Russia: Production of petroleum coke, 1993 to 2003
• Table 73: Russia: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 74: Russia: Petroleum coke production capacity, 2006
• Table 75: Slovak Republic: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 76: Slovak Republic: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 77: Slovenia: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 78: South Africa: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 79: Sasol Carbo-Tar: Applications of coke products
• Table 80: Spain: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 81: Spain: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 82: Repsol-YPF: Properties of green fuel-grade petroleum coke
• Table 83: Sweden: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 84: Taiwan: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 85: Turkey: Imports of petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 86: Turkmenistan: Exports of petroleum coke to Russia, 2001 to 2005
• Table 87: Ukraine: Coking capacity and estimated petroleum coke production by refinery, 1999-2001
• Table 88: Ukraine: International trade in petroleum coke, 2002 to 2005
• Table 89: UK: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 90: UK: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 91: USA: Coke production rate in US refineries, 1991 to 2005
• Table 92: USA: Petroleum coke supply and consumption, 2002 to 2005
• Table 93: USA: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 94: USA: Petroleum coke capacity, by state, 2006
• Table 95: USA: Petroleum coke production capacity, by company, 2006
• Table 96: USA: Estimated production of petroleum coke by company, product type and quality, 2005
• Table 97: ConocoPhillips: Petroleum coke capacity, 2006
• Table 98: ConocoPhillips: Comparison of typical yields for conventional delayed coking vs. ThruPlusTM delayed coking
• Table 99: ConocoPhillips: ThruPlus"! Delayed coking licensees worldwide, 2004
• Table 100: ExxonMobil: Petroleum coke production capacity, 2006
• Table 101: Shell Oil Products: Crude and petroleum coke capacity, 2006
• Table 102: Valero Energy: Petroleum coke capacity, 2006
• Table 103: USA: Calcined petroleum coke production capacity by non-refining company,
• Table 104: CII Carbon: Specifications of calcined petroleum coke types
• Table 105: Ovalar/Capex Group: Supply of petroleum coke for distribution by origin, 2002
• Table 106: Venezuela: Production of petroleum coke, 1991 to 2001
• Table 107: Venezuela: International trade in petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 108: PDVSA: Petroleum coke production capacity
• Table 109: Venezuela: Petroleum coke upgraders
• Table 110: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in all forms by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 111: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by end-use sector, 2002 to 2005
• Table 112: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by region and end-use sector, 2005
• Table 113: OECD North America: Summary of petroleum coke consumption by end-use sector, 2002 to 2005
• Table 114: OECD North America: Consumption of petroleum coke by end-use sector and country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 115: OECD Europe: Summary of petroleum coke consumption by end-use sector, 2002 to 2005
• Table 116: OECD Europe: Consumption of petroleum coke by end-use sector and country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 117: Other OECD: Summary of petroleum coke consumption by end-use sector, 2002 to 2005
• Table 118: Other OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke by end-use sector and country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 119: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the energy sector by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 120: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the transformation sector by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 121: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the industry sector by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 122: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in non-energy uses by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 123: Advantages and disadvantages of petroleum coke as a fuel for cement kilns
• Table 124: USA & Canada: Summary of fuels types used in cement plants
• Table 125: World: Production of cement by principal countries, 2000 to 2005
• Table 126: USA: Petroleum coke consumption by power utilities, 1996-2006
• Table 127: Major inputs required to produce 1t of TiO2 by the Tiwest chloride process
• Table 128: World: TiO2 pigment production capacity via the chloride route
• Table 129: USA: Production of synthetic graphite by end use, 2004 and 2005
• Table 130: General specification of anode-grade petroleum coke
• Table 131: Typical specifications for calcined needle coke, by grade of coke
• Table 132: Typical characteristics of artificial and natural graphites
• Table 133: World: Principal carbon and graphite electrode producers
• Table 134: Average physical properties of bench scale anodes produced from three different petroleum cokes
• Table 135: Proportionate cost of inputs to Soderberg and modern pre-bake aluminium plants, 1990
• Table 136: Factors determining net consumption of anodes
• Table 137: World: Primary aluminium production by region, 1993 to 2005
• Table 138: World: Estimated consumption of calcined petroleum coke in primary aluminium production by region, 1993 to 2005
• Table 139: VAW: Physical properties of graphite electrodes for electric arc furnaces
• Table 140: World: Production of crude steel by leading countries, 1995 to 2005
• Table 141: World: Production of crude steel by leading companies, 2005
• Table 142: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke in graphite electrodes for EAF steelmaking, 1995 to 2005
• Table 143: World: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke in ferro-alloys, 2004
• Table 144: World: Production of ferro-alloys in EAFs by alloy type, 2000 to 2004
• Table 145: World: Production of ferro-alloys in electric arc furnaces by country, 2000 to 2004
• Table 146: World: Production of ferro-silicon, 2000 to 2004
• Table 147: World: Ferro-silicon production capacity by company, 2003
• Table 148: World: Production of silicon metal, 2000 to 2004
• Table 149: World: Silicon metal production capacity by company, 2003
• Table 150: World: Production of ferro-manganese in EAFs, 2000 to 2004
• Table 151: World: Production of ferro-manganese in blast furnaces, 2000 to 2004
• Table 152: World: Production of silico-manganese, 2000 to 2004
• Table 153: Manganese ferro-alloys: Leading producers 2001
• Table 154: World: Production of ferro-chromium, 2000 to 2004
• Table 155: World: Leading producers of ferro-chromium, 2004
• Table 156: World: Distribution and type of operating chlorine production units, 2005
• Table 157: Leading producers of chlorine, 2006
• Table 158: Europe: Chlorine production capacity by leading producers, 2006
• Table 159: USA: Chlor-alkali capacity by company, 2003
• Table 160: Caustic soda: Capacities of the top ten producers, 2003
• Table 161: Comparison of the gas analysis of Desulco®, synthetic graphite and calcined petroleum coke recarburiser materials
• Table 162: Zhenjiang Coking & Gas Group: Specifications of carbon raiser products
• Table 163: World: International trade in green petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 164: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Table 165: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Table 166: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001
• Table 167: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2002
• Table 168: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2003
• Table 169: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2004
• Table 170: Exports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2005
• Table 171: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001
• Table 172: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2002
• Table 173: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2003
• Table 174: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2004
• Table 175: Imports of green petroleum coke by principal countries, 2005
• Table 176: World: International trade in calcined petroleum coke, 2001 to 2005
• Table 177: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Table 178: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Table 179: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001
• Table 180: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2002
• Table 181: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2003
• Table 182: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2004
• Table 183: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2005
• Table 184: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2001
• Table 185: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2002
• Table 186: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2003
• Table 187: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2004
• Table 188: Imports of calcined petroleum coke by principal countries, 2005
• Table 189: Selected countries: Average values of international trade in uncalcined petroleum coke, 1994 to 2005
• Table 190: USA: Cost of coal and petroleum coke to power utilities, 1996 to 2006
• Table 191: Petroleum coke spot prices, 2005 and 2006
• Table 192: Calcined petroleum coke prices, 2002
• Table 193: Selected countries: Average values of international trade in calcined petroleum coke, 1994 to 2005

List of Figures

• Figure 1: World: Production of crude oil, 1990 to 2005
• Figure 2: World: Estimated crude oil reserves by region, January 2006
• Figure 3: OECD: Production of crude oil and petroleum coke, 1990 to 2005
• Figure 4: USA: Oil consumption by end-use sector, 2005
• Figure 5: USA: Oil consumption by product, 2005
• Figure 6: USA: Consumption of motor gasoline, 1990 to 2005
• Figure 7: USA: Gravity and sulphur content of crude oils being processed, 1985-2005
• Figure 8: World: Petroleum coke production capacity by principal country, 2006
• Figure 9: World: Ownership of petroleum coke production capacity by principal company, 2006
• Figure 10: World: Estimated total production of petroleum coke by region, 2004/05
• Figure 11: Estimated production of marketable petroleum coke, 2004/05
• Figure 12: World: Production of marketable petroleum coke, estimate for 2005 and forecast to 2009
• Figure 13: VORP: Sales of petroleum coke, 1997-2001
• Figure 14: USA: Petroleum coke production rate, 1991-2005
• Figure 15: USA: Exports of green coke by principal destination, 2005
• Figure 16: USA: Marketable petroleum coke production by PAD District, 2005
• Figure 17: USA: Production of marketable and catalyst petroleum coke by PAD District, 2005
• Figure 18: USA: Monthly US and PAD III production of marketable petroleum coke, 2005/06
• Figure 19: Leading producers of petroleum coke, by capacity, 2006
• Figure 20: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in all forms, 1992 to 2005
• Figure 21: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by region and end-use sector, 2005
• Figure 22: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by region and end-use sector, 2005
• Figure 23: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by region and energy/non-energy applications, 2005
• Figure 24: OECD: Estimated consumption of petroleum coke by region and energy/non-energy applications, 2005
• Figure 25: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the energy sector, 1991 to 2005
• Figure 26: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the industry sector, 1991 to 2005
• Figure 27: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in non-energy uses, 1991 to 2005
• Figure 28: World: Production of cement, 1993 to 2005
• Figure 29: OECD: Consumption of petroleum coke in the ' transformation' sector, 1990, 2003 to 2005
• Figure 30: USA: Delivery cost of petroleum coke and coal delivered to power plants, 1996-2006
• Figure 31: USA: Cost per unit of petroleum coke and coal to power plants, 1996-2006
• Figure 32: USA: Coal and petroleum coke receipts by power utilities, 1996-2005
• Figure 33: USA: Sulphur content of petroleum coke used by power utilities, 1996-2006
• Figure 34: World: TiO2 production capacity by process and major countries
• Figure 35: Japan: Production of artificial graphite electrodes, 1989 to 2003
• Figure 36: World: Production of primary aluminium by principal producing countries, 2005
• Figure 37: World: Production of crude steel by process, 1995 to 2005
• Figure 38: World: Production of crude steel by region and process route, 2005
• Figure 39: World: Production of ferro-alloys in EAFs by type, 2004
• Figure 40: China and rest of world: Production of ferro-alloys, 1992 to 2004
• Figure 41: World: Phosphorus production capacity by country, 2006
• Figure 42: World: Distribution of chlorine production units by process, 2003 and 2005
• Figure 43: World: Chlorine production capacity by region, 2005
• Figure 44: Europe: Consumption of chlorine by end use, 2005
• Figure 45: USA: Consumption of chlorine by end use, 2003
• Figure 46: Europe: Consumption of caustic soda by end use, 2005
• Figure 47: USA: Exports of green petroleum coke by region, 2005
• Figure 48: USA: Exports of calcined petroleum coke by region, 2005
• Figure 49: USA: Relative value of calcined coke exports, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 50: USA: Oil prices, 1994 to 2005
• Figure 51: Selected countries: Average values of international trade in uncalcined petroleum coke, 1994 to 2005
• Figure 52: USA: Cost of coal and petroleum coke to power utilities, 1996 to 2006
• Figure 53: Selected countries: Average values of trade in calcined petroleum coke, 1994 to 2005