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[Report]
Blood Glucose Testing and Diabetes Management
Published: 2007/07
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Table of Contents
1. Overview
- 1.1 Statement of Report
- 1.2 About this Report
- 1.3 Scope of the Report
- 1.4 Methodology
- 1.5 Executive Summary
2. Diabetes
- 2.1 Demographics of Diabetes
- 2.1.1 Worldwide Diabetes Incidence
- 2.1.2 U.S. Diabetes
- 2.2 Economics of Diabetes
- 2.3 Understanding the Metabolic Conditions Underlying and Associated with
Diabetes
- 2.3.1 Pre-Diabetes Syndrome
- 2.3.2 Metabolic Syndrome
- 2.3.3 Diabetes and Inflammation
- 2.3.4 Progression of Diabetes
- 2.3.5 Complications and Co-Morbidities in Type 2 Diabetes
- 2.3.6 Hypoglycemia and Treatment
- 2.3.7 Risk Factors and Diabetes
- 2.3.8 Cardiovascular Disease Facts
- 2.4 Glucose Control in Diabetic Patients
- 2.5 Tight Glucose Control in Treating Diabetes
- 2.6 Glucose Monitoring Devices
- 2.6.1 Key Issues Identified for Glucose Monitoring
- 2.6.2 Device Description
- 2.6.3 Precision
- 2.6.4 Limitations of Existing Glucose Monitoring Products
3. Glucose Measurements
- 3.1 Glucose Monitoring Markets
- 3.1.1 Overview of Market Segments
- 3.1.1.1 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Self-Testing Glucose Market
- 3.1.1.2 Point- of- Care Glucose Testing Market
- 3.1.1.3 Physician Office Laboratories (POL) Glucose Testing Market
- 3.1.1.4 Clinical Laboratory Glucose Testing Market
- 3.1.2 Market Analysis: Size, Growth, Share and Competitors
- 3.1.2.1 Worldwide Market
- 3.1.2.2 U.S. Market
- 3.1.2.3 European Market
- 3.1.2.4 Asian Market
- 3.1.2.4.1 Japanese Market
- 3.1.2.4.2 China Market
- 3.1.2.4.3 India Market
- 3.1.2.5 ROW Markets
- 3.2 Glucose Analytical Test Methods
- 3.2.1 Glucose Oxidase
- 3.2.2 Glucose Hexakinase
- 3.2.3 Glucose Dehydrogenase Pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ)
- 3.2.4 Amperometric Biosensors
- 3.2.5 Interfering Substances
- 3.2.6 Monitoring HbA1c Levels
- 3.2.7 Quality Control Criteria
- 3.3 Reagents and Equipment
- 3.3.1 Lancets
- 3.3.2 Blood Glucose Test Kit
- 3.3.3 Blood Glucose Monitor and Insulin Doser
- 3.3.4 Diabetes Tracking System
- 3.3.5 Blood Glucose Sensors
- 3.3.6 Blood Glucose Reagent Test Strips
- 3.3.7 Control Solutions and Calibrators
- 3.3.8 Sharps Devices
- 3.3.9 Needle Destruction Devices
- 3.3.10 Urine Strips
- 3.3.11 Blood Ketone Testing
- 3.3.12 Voice Operated Glucose Meters
- 3.4 Glucose Meters
- 3.4.1 LifeScan (a Johnson & Johnson Company)
- 3.4.2 Roche Accu-Chek
- 3.4.3 Bayer
- 3.4.4 Medisense (Abbott)
- 3.4.5 Acon Laboratories
- 3.4.6 HemoCue
- 3.4.7 Agamatrix, Inc.
- 3.4.8 AiMedics, Pty Ltd.
- 3.4.9 Apex Biotechnology Corp.
- 3.4.10 77 Elektronika Kft.
- 3.4.11 Arkray, Inc.
- 3.4.12 Becton Dickinson & Co.
- 3.4.13 Accurex (India)
- 3.4.14 Biosens
- 3.4.15 Axis-Shield
- 3.4.16 Home Diagnostics, Inc.
- 3.4.17 Medisys/Hypoguard
- 3.4.18 Metrika
- 3.4.19 Biopeak, Corp.
- 3.4.20 BioTex, Inc.
- 3.4.21 Calisto Medical, Inc.
- 3.4.22 Allmedicus
- 3.4.23 Diabetech, LP
- 3.4.24 Diagnostic Devices
- 3.4.26 DIRAmed LLC
- 3.4.27 Entelos
- 3.4.28 Fifty 50 Pharmacy
- 3.4.29 Fluent Biomedical Corp.
- 3.4.30 Fovi Optics, Inc.
- 3.4.31 GenExel-Sein, Inc.
- 3.4.32 GlucoLight Corp.
- 3.4.33 Glucon Medical Ltd.
- 3.4.34 GluMetrics LLC
- 3.4.35 Glucoplus, Inc.
- 3.4.36 GlySens, Inc.
- 3.4.37 HMD Bio Medical
- 3.4.38 Hypoguard
- 3.4.39 Infratec, Inc.
- 3.4.40 InLight Solutions, Inc.
- 3.4.41 Insulet Corp.
- 3.4.42 Integrity Applications
- 3.4.43 Kumetrix, Inc.
- 3.4.44 Lein Applied Diagnostics Ltd.
- 3.4.45 Cholestech
- 3.4.46 LighTouch Medical, Inc.
- 3.4.47 LG Electronics
- 3.4.48 Luminous Medical, Inc.
- 3.4.49 Menarini Diagnostics
- 3.4.50 NIR Diagnostics, Inc.
- 3.4.51 Oculir, Inc.
- 3.4.52 OrSense Ltd.
- 3.4.53 Pelikan Technologies, Inc.
- 3.4.54 Polymer Technology Systems
- 3.4.55 PreciSense A/S
- 3.4.56 QuestStar Medical, Inc.
- 3.4.57 Sensys Medical
- 3.4.58 Smiths Medical MD, Inc.
- 3.4.59 TaiDoc Technology Corp.
- 3.4.60 U.S. Diagnostics
- 3.4.61 VeraLight, Inc.
- 3.4.62 Zyvex Corp
- 3.4.63 Advanced Biosensors
- 3.4.64 Health Hero Network, Inc.
- 3.4.65 IN4 Technology Corporation
- 3.4.66 Nipro
- 3.4.67 Teco Diagnostics, Inc.
- 3.4.68 Uchain Industrial Co., Ltd.
- 3.4.69 GlucoStat System
- 3.4.70 Sanyo Junyaku
- 3.4.71 Diagnosys Medical
- 3.5 Diagnosing Diabetes Using In Vitro Laboratory Tests
- 3.5.1 New Diagnostic Guidelines
- 3.5.2 Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test
- 3.5.3 Glucose Tolerance Test
- 3.5.4 Test for Glycosylated Hemoglobin
- 3.5.5 Fructosamine
- 3.5.6 Combined Self-Testing Glucose Monitor with Insulin Delivery
- 3.6 Continuous and Non-invasive Glucose Patient Monitoring
- 3.6.1 Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
- 3.6.2 Cygnus GlucoWatch Biographer
- 3.6.3 Abbott FreeStyle Continuous Glucose Monitor System
- 3.6.4 DexCom, Inc. STS Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
- 3.6.5 Sontra Medical, Inc.
- 3.6.6 SpectRx
- 3.6.7 Pendragon Medical
- 3.6.8 Sensors for Medicine and Science, Inc. (SMSI)
- 3.6.9 Other Players
- 3.6.10 Strategies for Developing Non-invasive Continuous Glucose
Monitoring
- 3.7 Glycosylated Hemoglobin Glucose Monitoring
- 3.8.1 Ultra-Large Throughput Chemistry Analyzers Large-Throughput
Analyzers
- 3.8.2 Large-Throughput Analyzers
- 3.8.3 Mid-Size Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
- 3.8.4 Chemistry Analyzers for the Small Volume Market
4. Business Trends in Glucose Testing
- 4.1 Expanding Opportunities in Blood Glucose Monitoring Market
- 4.2 Home Diabetes Test Kits an Evolving Market
- 4.3 Competitive Strategies
- 4.4 Analyses of the Current Market Conditions, Competition and Product Mix
- 4.5 The New Paradigm
- 4.6 Mergers of Diagnostic Companies
- 4.7 Healthcare Cost Controls
- 4.8 Competition for Services
- 4.9 Drivers of Clinical Glucose Testing
- 4.10 Confluence of New Technology
- 4.11 Trends in Reimbursement Practices
- 4.12 Managed Care
- 4.13 Changes in Patient Management
- 4.14 Satellite Facilities
- 4.15 Point-of-Care Testing
- 4.16 Regionalization of Laboratory Care
- 4.17 Drivers of the Point of Care Testing Sector
- 4.18 Diagnostic Testing Growth Trends
- 4.19 PIPE Financing
- 4.20 Brand Loyalty
- 4.21 Insurance Coverage a Key Factor
- 4.22 Medicare Coverage
- 4.23 Products at Competitive Price Points
- 4.24 Drugstores Critical to the Diabetic Care Category
- 4.25 Drugstore Chains Increasingly Running Diabetes Care Programs
- 4.26 Co-branding Strategies
5. Important Technology Trends
- 5.1 Biosensor Technology
- 5.2 Data Management
- 5.2.1 Information Management Advances
- 5.2.2 Patient Care Information System Strategy
- 5.2.3 Connectivity Platforms
- 5.2.3.1 DataLink Data Management System
- 5.2.3.2 RALS-Plus
- 5.2.3.3 LabPortal.com
- 5.2.3.4 LifeScan Electronic Data Interfaces
- 5.2.3.5 Computer Software for Home Glucose Meters
- 5.2.3.6 Health Buddy Systems Monitoring Technologies
- 5.2.3.7 Medtronics MiniMed Paradigm Glucose Meter
- 5.2.4 POL Laboratory Data Management
- 5.2.4.1 Electronic Medical Record Systems and Physician Office
Laboratory Data Linking Software
- 5.2.4.2 Physician Office Laboratory Data Linking Software and
Interface to the Laboratory Information System
- 5.2.5 Technical Problems of Connectivity
- 5.2.6 Web-based Data Interface
- 5.2.7 HIT Competition
- 5.2.8 FDA Required Software Verification
- 5.3 Advantages of Connectivity
- 5.4 Home Care Analysis
- 5.5 Technology Platform Innovations in Glucose Testing
- 5.6 Move Away from Central Laboratory
- 5.7 Trends in Detection and Diagnosis
- 5.7.1 Minimally-Invasive Devices
- 5.7.2 Non-invasive Devices Future Developments and Market Strategy
- 5.7.3 Continuous Test Systems and the Future of Integrated
Glucose/Insulin Delivery
6. Competitive Analysis of the Glucose Testing Markets
- 6.1 The Market Players
- 6.2 Device Categories
- 6.3 Range of Products
- 6.3.1 Cost of Testing
- 6.3.2 Sample Size Required
- 6.3.3 Sampling Other Areas
- 6.3.4 Time Until Patient Obtains Results
- 6.3.5 Enclosed Test Strips
- 6.3.6 Test Strip Calibration
- 6.3.7 Built-in Lancing Device
- 6.4 Data Handling
- 6.5 New Developments
- 6.6 Marketing New Features
- 6.7 Test Strip Sales
- 6.8 Reimbursement
- 6.9 Strip Manufacturers' Responses
- 6.10 Retailers' Responses
- 6.11 Market Demand and Composition
- 6.12 Product Mix
- 6.12.1 LifeScan
- 6.12.2 Roche Diagnostics
- 6.12.3 Bayer Diagnostics
- 6.12.4 Becton Dickinson
- 6.12.5 Abbott (MediSense)
- 6.12.6 Other Players
- 6.12.6.1 HemoCue AB
- 6.12.6.2 Home Diagnostics, Inc.
- 6.12.6.3 Medisys Group PLC
- 6.12.6.4 Polymer Technology Systems, Inc.
- 6.12.6.5 QuestStar Medical, Inc.
- 6.13 Devices that Measure Glycohemoglobin
- 6.14 Adjacent Markets
- 6.15 Market Drivers and Restraints
- 6.16 Market and Product Trends
- 6.17 Increased Market Penetration
- 6.18 Costs of Doing Business in Europe
- 6.19 Drivers of European Diagnostics Testing
- 6.20 European Reimbursement Practices
- 6.21 Cost Containment in Europe
- 6.22 Market Overview of Glucose Monitoring
- 6.22.1 U.S. Market Segment
- 6.22.2 European Market
- 6.22.3 Japanese Market
- 6.23 Competitive Strategies
- 6.24 Price Competition
- 6.25 Analyses of the Current Market Conditions, Competition and Product Mix
- 6.25.1 First-Generation Monitors
- 6.25.2 Second-Generation Monitors
- 6.25.3 Third-Generation SMBG Technologies
- 6.26 Product Overview
- 6.27 Design of Glucose Testing Devices
- 6.28 Insulin Delivery Devices
- 6.29 Key Glucose Testing Sector Developments
- 6.30 Important M&A Activity
- 6.30.1 Cygnus, Inc. Divests its Glucose-Monitoring Assets to Animas
Corporation
- 6.30.2 Bayer Diagnostics Business Splits into Two Units
- 6.30.3 Abbott Laboratories Acquires TheraSense, Inc.
- 6.30.4 Roche Acquires Infusion Systems Division of Disetronic
- 6.30.5 J&J Acquires Animas Corporation
- 6.30.6 Medical Devices Pelikan Technologies, Inc.
- 6.30.7 Medical Services Amerifit Nutrition, Inc.
- 6.30.8 Owens & Minor, Inc.
- 6.30.9 Medisys Sells Business to Arkray
- 6.30.10 Cholestech Signs Agreement with Provalis
- 6.30.11 Bayer Acquires Metrika
- 6.30.12 Other Deals
- 6.31 Product Launches
7. Government Regulation of Medical Devices
- 7.1 U.S. Regulations
- 7.1.1 Importing Medical Devices into the U.S.
- 7.1.2 Exporting Medical Devices from the U.S.
- 7.2 U.K. Regulations
- 7.3 E.U. Regulations
- 7.4 French Regulations
- 7.5 Japanese Regulations
- 7.6 Korean Regulations
- 7.7 FDA Regulations and Recalls
- 7.8 Legal Liability for Glucose Meters
- 7.9 ISO 9000 Quality System
- 7.10 Recent Regulatory Approvals
- 7.11 FDA Labeling Requirements
8 Corporate Profiles
- 8.1 Abbott Diagnostics
- 8.2 Abbott Laboratories
- 8.3 Acon Laboratories
- 8.4 AgaMatrix
- 8.5 AiMedics Pty Ltd.
- 8.6 Animas Corp.
- 8.7 Apex Biotechnology Corporation
- 8.8 Bayer Corporation
- 8.9 Biopeak Corporation
- 8.10 BioTex
- 8.11 Dexcom, Inc.
- 8.12 Diabetech, LP
- 8.13 77 Elektronika Kft.
- 8.14 Flexsite Diagnostics
- 8.15 GenExel-Sein, Inc.
- 8.16 GlucoLight
- 8.17 Glucon
- 8.18 GluMetrics, Inc.
- 8.19 GlySens, Inc.
- 8.20 Hemocue
- 8.21 Hypoguard
- 8.22 Infratec, Inc.
- 8.23 IN4 Technology
- 8.24 InLight Solutions
- 8.25 ITC (International Technidyne Corporation)
- 8.26 LifeScan Corporation
- 8.27 MediSense
- 8.28 Metrika
- 8.29 NIR Diagnostics
- 8.30 Nipro Medical Corporation
- 8.31 OrSense Ltd.
- 8.32 Pelikan Technologies
- 8.33 Polymer Technology Systems
- 8.34 PreciSense
- 8.35 QuestStar Medical
- 8.36 Roche Diagnostics
- 8.37 Sankyo Junyaku
- 8.38 Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.
- 8.39 Sensys Medical
- 8.40 SurgiLance
- 8.41 Smiths Medical MD, Inc.
- 8.42 SpectRx
- 8.43 Taidoc Technology
- 8.44 Teco Diagnostics
- 8.45 U.S. Diagnostics
- 8.46 VeraLight
- Appendix 1: List of Competitors for Glucose Test Meters and Equipment
- Appendix 2: FDA Proprietary Devices for Measuring Blood Glucose
- Appendix 3: Overview of FDA Device Regulations
- Appendix 4: Retail Prices of Glucose Meters
INDEX OF FIGURES
- Figure 2.1: Demographic Changes in Diabetes Populations in 2010, 2025 and
2050
- Figure 2.2: How Diabetes Dollars Are Spent in the U.S.
- Figure 2.3: Overlap between Individuals Diagnosed as Diabetic According to
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration (ADA Criteria) or the Two-Hour Glucose
Value (WHO Criteria)
- Figure 2.4: Single Day Continuous Blood Glucose Data
- Figure 3.1: Share of the U.S. Self-Testing Diagnostic Market, 2006
- Figure 3.2: U.S. Mass-Market Sales of Glucose Testing Kits, 2000-2012
- Figure 7.1: World Medical Device Markets
- Figure 7.2: Medical Device Market Share by U.S. Owned Companies
INDEX OF TABLES
- Table 2.1: Normal Glucose Values-Fasting State
- Table 2.2: Population with Diabetes in the World and in Selected Nations,
2000 and 2030
- Table 2.3: U.S. Population of Diabetics by Ethnic Group
- Table 2.4: Percentage of U.S. Adults with Diabetes Using Diabetes
Medication by Age Group, 2002-2007
- Table 2.5: Healthcare Utilization by Diabetic Patients
- Table 2.6: Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults with Diabetes Using Diabetes
Medication by Type of Medication U.S., 2002-2007
- Table 2.7: Crude and Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults with Diabetes Using
Diabetes Medication, U.S., 2002-2007
- Table 2.8: Percentages of Adults with Diabetes Using Diabetes Medication
by Age, U.S., 2002-2007
- Table 2.9: Annual Estimated Cost of U.S. Diabetes Care
- Table 2.10: Leading Ten Diagnoses by Total U.S. Patient Visits, 2007
- Table 2.11: U.S. Incidence of Diabetes by Age, 2007
- Table 2.12: Prevalence, Cost and Medicines for Major Diseases in the U.S.,
2007
- Table 2.13: Top Ten Causes of Death in the U.S., 2007
- Table 2.14: Per-Event Costs of Diabetes Complications
- Table 2.15: Percentage of Persons with Type 1 Diabetes Experiencing
Various Complications
- Table 2.16: Incidence and Relative Risk: Patients with Diabetes versus
Those without Diabetes
- Table 2.17: Novel Risk Factors and Possible Mechanisms of the Excess Risk
of Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Table 2.19: Worldwide Market for Cardiac Care Therapeutics, 1999-2010
- Table 2.20: Major Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease
- Table 2.21: Key Features Considered for Glucose Meter Devices
- Table 3.1: Laboratory Assessment of Diabetic Vascular Disease
- Table 3.2: Key Market Drivers for Glucose Testing
- Table 3.3: Key Customer Segments of Glucose Testing
- Table 3.4: Demographic Characteristics Home Testing Kit Buyers
- Table 3.5: Top Brand Preferences for Home Glucose Testing Kits
- Table 3.6: Instances When Patients Prefer Professional' s Glucose Testing
- Table 3.7: Advantages of a Home Testing Kit
- Table 3.8: Disadvantages of Using a Home Testing Kit
- Table 3.9: Popular Shopping Destinations for Buying or Seeking Information
on Home Testing Kits
- Table 3.10: Total Dedicated U.S. Professional Glucose Testing Market,
2000-2012
- Table 3.11: Point of Care Glucose Testing U.S. (Hospitals), 2000-2012
- Table 3.12: U.S. POL Glucose Testing, 2000-2012
- Table 3.13: U.S. Central Lab Glucose Testing (Hospitals and Reference
Labs), 2000-2012
- Table 3.14: Worldwide Central Lab Glucose Testing (Hospitals and Reference
Labs), 2000-2012
- Table 3.15: Worldwide Glucose Self-Testing Market Sales (Meters, Strips,
Lancets), 2000-2012
- Table 3.16: Worldwide Glucose Market for Self-Testing Sales (Meters,
Strips, Lancets), 2000-2012
- Table 3.17: Glucose Market for Self-Testing and POC Devices in the U.S.,
2000-2012
- Table 3.18: U.S. Blood Glucose Reagent Strip Market, 2000-2012
- Table 3.19: OTC Glucose Meter U.S. Market Share for Blood Glucose
Measurements
- Table 3.20: U.S. Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Market Repeat Retail
Replacement Sales Percentages
- Table 3.21: Top Four Players in the U.S. Blood Glucose Strips Market
(Ranked by % Sales), 2006
- Table 3.22: Leading Blood Glucose Meters and Strips Brands in the U.S. (%
Breakdown by Dollar Sales), 2006
- Table 3.23: European Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips,
Lancets), 2000-2012
- Table 3.24: European Glucose Self-Testing Market by Country Market
- Table 3.25: Asian Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips, Lancets),
2000-2012
- Table 3.26: Japanese Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips,
Lancets), 2000-2012
- Table 3.27: Chinese Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips, Lancets),
2000-2012
- Table 3.28: China Blood Glucose Reagent Strip Market, 2000-2012
- Table 3.29: Indian IVD Market, 2006-2012
- Table 3.30: Number of Automated Clinical Labs in India, 2004-2012
- Table 3.31: Indian IVD Market, 2006
- Table 3.32: Indian Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips, Lancets),
2000-2012
- Table 3.33: Indian Blood Glucose Reagent Strip Market, 2000-2012
- Table 3.34: ROW Glucose Self-Testing Market (Meters, Strips, Lancets),
2000-2012
- Table 3.35: Unit Sales of Homecare Lancets in the U.S., 2000-2012
- Table 3.36: Unit Sales of Lancets in the E.U., 2000-2012
- Table 3.37: Dollar Sales of Lancets in the U.S., 2000-2012
- Table 3.38: Dollar Sales of Lancets in the E.U., 2000-2012
- Table 3.39: Unit Sales of Homecare Glucose Self-testing Lancets in the
U.S., 2000-2012
- Table 3.40: Unit Sales of Homecare Glucose Self-testing Lancets in the
E.U., 2000-2012
- Table 3.41: Competition in the Lancet Market Segment
- Table 3.42: Technology of Glucose Testing Instruments
- Table 3.43: Key Features of Reagent Test Strips
- Table 3.44: Limitations of Urine Glucose Monitoring
- Table 3.45: Advantages of Urine Glucose Monitoring
- Table 3.46: Blood Ketone Reading Indications
- Table 3.47: Customer Priorities-Glucose Meter Self-Testing Market
- Table 3.48: Accu-Chek Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems
- Table 3.49: GlucoTrack Comparison and Results
- Table 3.50: Home Diagnostics' Current Product Portfolio
- Table 3.51: Relationship of A1c to Average Whole Blood and Plasma Glucose
Levels
- Table 3.52: Distributors of Glucose Meters
- Table 3.53: Ultra-Large Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
- Table 3.54: JEOL Analyzer Comparison
- Table 3.55: Large Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
- Table 3.56: Mid-size Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
- Table 3.57: Small Clinical Chemistry Analyzers
- Table 4.1: U.S. Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Market Segments
- Table 4.2: Medicare Billing Guidelines for Multichannel Chemistry Tests
- Table 5.1: Customized Reports must Support CAP and JCAHO Requirements
- Table 5.2: RALS-Plus Point of Care Market Share
- Table 5.3: Applications of RALS Connectivity with POCT Devices
- Table 6.1: Comparisons of Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems
- Table 6.2: U.S. Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Market, 2006
- Table 6.3: Syringes for Administering Insulin
- Table 6.4: Insulin Pens
- Table 6.5: Injection Aids
- Table 6.6: Jet Injectors
- Table 6.7: External Insulin Pumps
- Table 6.8: Insulin Delivery Device Market, 2004-2014
- Table 7.1: Products Marketed by Abbott in the Diagnostic Market
- Table 7.2: Key Roche Diagnostic Products
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[Report]
Blood Glucose Testing and Diabetes Management
Published: 2007/07
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Published by : Trimark Publications  |
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Price:
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Product Code : TK53077 |
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