Stationary Fuel Cell Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2006 to 2012

Abstract

Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy. Stationary fuel cell company analysis indicates that markets targeted, cost targets, and power ratings have enormous similarity between companies. Generally the target cost is $300 per Kilowatt and the current cost is $4,500 per Kilowatt.

Economies of scale and new materials are needed to bring the units within target costs. With the cost of crude oil climbing toward $100 per barrel, it really does not matter what the cost of the fuel cell is, people need to start buying and using them. They provide energy independence off grid, cogeneration of heat, air conditioning, and electricity, and operate in a manner that is more environmentally appropriate.

NETL anticipates eventual mass-production of fuel cells from solid ceramic materials, dramatically reducing costs. Trial installations have moved to provide incentive to invest in the stationary fuel cell market as it begins to mature.

Industrialization requires sustainable, highly efficient energy. Fossil fuel generation needs to be replaced by clean, renewable energy. Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from nuclear, wind, and solar power. Nuclear power run at 100% capacity can be used to generate hydrogen with the unused electricity. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that energy stored as hydrogen.

For homeowners seeking true electrical grid independence, SOFC micro-power plants take away the dependence and limitations of the electric distribution grid, in a remote standalone package that can also provide heat for the home. This lets the homeowner live just about anywhere, in the mountains or deep woods, in the desert or on an island. Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from wastewater treatment plants, landfill gasses, nuclear, wind, and solar power. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that temporary energy stored as hydrogen.

Because hydrogen can be manufactured from landfill and wastewater treatment plants, many units are being located close to those energy sources. Giving fuel for stationary campus fuel cell units is a priority. Nuclear energy is also used to generate hydrogen from its excess capacity. The reactors in the world used for nuclear electricity generation in 2005 created 2,626 billion kilowatts of energy.

Stationary fuel cells are being implemented as cogeneration units that produce electricity and heat. They can also be used as air conditioners. United Technologies PureComfort™ systems consist of four, five or six 60kW microturbines and a double- effect absorption chiller / heater from United Technologies sister company Carrier Corporation, a global leader in building heating, cooling, and control networks. These systems can reach efficiencies up to 90 percent and are operating in a wide variety of commercial buildings.

The UTC Power PureCell™ 200 has operated in 19 countries, delivering clean, highly efficient power to end users. Clean and energy-efficient, the PureCell™ 200 is a combined heat and power unit that produces 200kW of electricity and up to 925,000 BTU/hr of heat. With the capacity to operate grid-connected or grid-independent, it transitions power instantaneously with no interruption in service.

The system meets the strictest emission standards and operates quietly on site. Globally, UTC Power has installed more than 275 PureCell™ 200 units with more than 1 billion kilowatt hours of operating time. The PureCell™ 200 has an overall efficiency of 90 percent in combined heat and power mode, compared with 30 percent for the electric grid. Because power is generated onsite, transmission losses are avoided.

As the dollars per kilowatt for stationary fuel cell utility units decline to $4,500 in 2009, markets start to pick up with grid utility power company units shipped.

The stationary fuel cell markets at $98 million have been at stasis for several years, due to the high cost per kilowatt that is not competitive with existing utility technology. As the price of fuel rises, environmental concerns become more compelling, and demand for reliability more intense, the markets become more mature.

This is because the demand picks up for reliable units that can run on hydrogen from excess electricity generated by wind power. Solar power begins to be a factor as well, with nanotechnology breakthroughs giving solar photovoltaic power a cost competitive position in the energy chain. Fuel cells are needed to level out the power distribution. Wind power is plentiful in the ocean, and can be used to generate electricity there, that can be transmitted to reforming stations where the electricity is stored as hydrogen for use in stationary fuel cells used by utility companies.

2-megawatt fuel cell power plants demonstrate the feasibility of fuel cell research. Monitoring and down time to replace parts are issues. More work needs to be done to reduce the costs and develop a better catalyst to drive machines. Research is concentrated on making units smaller and easier to use.

For homeowners seeking true electrical grid independence, residential PEM and SOFC micro-power plants take away the dependence and limitations of the electric distribution grid, in a remote standalone package that can also provide heat for the home. This lets the homeowner live just about anywhere, in the mountains or deep woods, in the desert or on an island.

Planning for disasters is part of large enterprise risk analysis. Quarantine in the event of a pandemic may go on for a while, so companies may be willing to pay for residential fuel cells to support business in isolation so people can work at home.

Fuel cells run on hydrogen that in turn needs to be manufactured. Hydrogen can be manufactured from wastewater treatment plants, landfill gasses, nuclear, wind, and solar power. Stationary fuel cells promise to use that temporary energy stored as hydrogen.

Total stationary fuel cell markets at $98.6 million in 2005 are comprised of revenue from trials that are being put in place, with market acceptance a certainty and timing dependent on price performance improvements. Markets are expected to reach $16.98 billion by 2012.

In the stationary power market, fuel cells could become competitive if they reach an installed cost of $1,500 or less per kilowatt. Companies aim to decrease costs to $400 per kilowatt in that time frame. The cost is in the $4,000+ range per kilowatt in 2005. In the automobile sector, a competitive cost is on the order of $60 - $100 per kilowatt, a much more stringent criterion.

Companies Profiled

• Market Leaders
• UTC Power
• Fuji Electric

Market Participants

• Acumentrics
• Adaptive Materials
• Agni
• ALLPS Fule Cell System GMBH
• Angstrom Power
• Apollo Energy Systems
• Astris Energi
• Finmeccanica Group / Ansalado Fuel Cells
• Ball Aerospace & Technologies
• BCS Technology
• Celex Power
• Cellennium
• Ceramater
• Clean Fuel Generation
• Connecticut Clean Energy Fund
• CTP Hydrogen Daimler Chrysler / MTU
• Delphi
• Dias Analytic
• DTI Energy
• EBZ Entwicklungs-und Vertriebsgsellschaft
• ESL Electric Auto Science
• ElectroChem
• Electric Power Research Institute
• Emprise
• Eneco
• Engelhard
• Acal Energy
• Adelan
• Alca Torda Applications
• Anglo Platimun / Johnson Matthey
• Ansalado Fuel Cells SpA-AFC
• Aperion Energy Systems
• Air Liquide / Axane Fuel Cell Systems
• Ballard
• Baxi Group
• Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited (CFCL)
• CellTech Power LLC
• Cenergi Corporation
• Ceres Power
• CMR Fuel Cells
• Coval H2
• CFC-MTU Soluions (German)
• DENORA s.p.a.
• Donaldson Company
• Dupont
• Electrotec
• Element 1 Power Systems
• Electronic Machining s.r.l.
• Entegris
• ENRG
• Esoro
• Evonyx-e Vionyx
• Fuel Cell Component and Integrators
• FuelCell Energy
• Fuel Cell Technologies Canada
• Franklin Fuel Cells
• GenCell
• Gesellschaft Fur Angewandte Technik mbH Greifswald(GAT)
• Global Thermoelectric!
• GTI - Gas Technology Institute
• Honda
• Idaho National Laboratory
• Impala Platinum
• LOGANEnergy
• Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
• Millennium Cell
• NanoDyamics
• Nuvera Fuel Cells
• Plug Power
• Parker Hannifin
• Power Air Corporation
• Protonetics
• Proton Energy Systems
• Rolls Royce Group
• Solid aState Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA)
• Sulzer Group / Sulzer Hexis
• Toshiba - Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC)
• Ultracell
• Unitec Ceramics
• Viaspace / Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
• ZAO Independent Power Technologies
• Five Star Technologies
• Fuel Cell Control
• Fuel Cells Ltd.
• Fuel Cell technologies Ltd.
• GE
• General Hydrogen
• GeenVOLT™
• Hoku / Sanyo
• HydroGen
• IDACORP / Ida Tech
• Ion America
• McDermott International
• Mesoscopic Devices
• Mitsubishi
• Nu Element
• Palcan
• Pacific Telepoint
• PEMEAS Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)
• Praxair / Rivoira
• Protonex Technology Corporation
• ReliOn
• RWE AG, Essen / RWE Fuel Cells
• Siemens
• Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd.
• TOTO
• Umicore
• United Technologies
• ZTEK

KEY TOPICS:

• STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES
• STATIONARY FUEL CELL MARKET FORECASTS
• Stationary Fuel Cell Market Development
• Market For Continued Fuel Cell Commercialization
• Fuel Cell Operation
• Fuel Environmental Issues
• POWER OF A FUEL CELL
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
• ON GRID AND OFF GRID ISSUES
• IMPACT OF DEREGULATION
• FUEL CELL ISSUES
• FUEL CELL RELIABILITY
• LAWS AND REGULATIONS
• SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC)
• ALKALINE FUEL CELLS (AFC)
• STATIONARY POWER APPLICATIONS